Rett syndrome richard engel

Royalty/Nobles
UK
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1. Prince Andrew, will have his own segment (These listed below are close to him and Epstein)

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• Simon Case: Private Secretary to Prince William as of 2018. Previously was in charge of figuring out the border issue in Northern Ireland and Ireland post-Brexit. British civil servant for over a decade, including as a policy adviser for the Ministry of Defence.
  
• Merivale-Austen, Bruce: Managing Partner of DM Partners Asia, a private wealth management firm. Plays polo every summer with Prince William and Prince Harry (https://www.thailandtatler.com/people/brouce-merivale-austin
  
• Gibbs, Emma: Former girlfriend of Prince Andrew. Gibbs was introduced to Prince Andrew by her good friend, Ghislaine Maxwell. Gibbs worked as a PR consultant.
  
• Harvey Victoria: Ex-girlfriend of Prince Andrew, Hervey is an English model and socialite. Although her relationship with Andrew didn’t work out, she remained in his inner circle. In 2000, she attended a dinner with Prince Andrew, Bill Clinton, Donald Trump, and Jeffrey Epstein (source: https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/9844083/lady-victoria-hervey-jeffrey-epstein-too-old/). Hervey is also a friend of Ghislaine Maxwell, who introduced her to Epstein and “set her up in one of Epstein’s apartments in New York.” Hervey is the daughter of Victor Hervey, 6th Marquess of Bristol, businessman and member of the House of Lords.
  
• Jameel, Mohammed: Saudi Arabian businessman. CEO of Abdul Latif Jameel, a collective of family-owned businesses that specialize in transportation, investing, and real estate. Royal pervert Prince Andrew infamously partied on Jameel’s yacht during the 2011 London riots (source: https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/prince-andrew-frolicks-on-yacht-with-mystery-147496
  
• Manconi, John: Businessman who hosts super exclusive charity polo events attended by Prince Charles, Harry, and Andrew (https://variety.com/2002/scene/vpage/royals-have-splendid-time-1117868882/).
  

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1. Caprice: Likely refers to Caprice Bourret, a former model and former love interest of Prince Andrew around 2000-2001.
   
2. Sir Rufus Albermarle
   
3. Earl Charles Spencer Aldrup
   
4. Carella Alun-Jones
   
5. Jeremy and Deborah Alun-Jones
   
6. Simon Astaire Hollywood and British Royal Family agent. Specializes in representation, celebrity endorsement, and public relations.
   
7. Sir Anthony Bamford and Lady C Anthony is a billionaire British businessman. Chairman of JCB, which provides equipment for construction, agriculture, etc. Has donated more than £4m personally and through JCB companies to the Conservative Party. Has close ties to David Cameron, Tony Blair, and Prince Charles. Bamford was mentioned in the Panama Papers as having offshore accounts. Lady Carole Bamford is his wife and a successful businesswoman.
   
8. James & Lucinda Bruce: James is a businessman who comes from nobility. His father was a baron. His 2nd wife, Lucinda, is a producer.
   
9. Lord and Lady Beaumon Likely refers to the late Tim Beaumont of Whitley and his wife, Baroness Mary Rose. Tim was a UK politician in the Liberal Party and, later on, the Green Party. Six generations of his paternal side sat in the House of Commons (source: Irish Times) He was also an Anglican priest. Mary Rose is the cousin of Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon and (now deceased) husband of Princess Margaret.
   
10. Baron Bentinck Dutch and British nobility.
    
11. Robert Byng Descendant of admirals, viscounts, and earls. Current property owner of Wrotham Park, an English country house that hosts social events for the wealthy and has been used as a filming location for many movies.
    
12. Sir Nickey Caledon The 7th Earl of Caledon. Received his knighthood in 2015 when he was appointed Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO).
    
13. Mario Cabo-Platero is an Italian journalist and served as editor of the Italian newspaper Il Sole 24 Ore for 30 years. Ariadne is the daughter of Lord and Lady Beaumont
    
14. George & Pauline Case: Pauline Case (maiden name Pauline Astor) is a Viscountess and daughter of William Astor, 3rd Viscount Astor
    
15. Marina Cowdray: Wife of Michael Pearson, 4th Viscount of Cowdray. Daughter of John Cordle. Sister of Rachel and Rupert Cordle.
    
16. Sophie Crabbe British socialite
    
17. d’Arenberg, Prince Pierre: Family lineage can be traced back 1000 years. European royalty. Extremely wealthy not because of his ties to nobility, but because his mother, Margaret Bedford, was an heiress to Standard Oil (Exxon).
    
18. d’Uzes, Jacques De crussol: The 17th Duke of Uze
    
19. Dartmouth, William: The 10th Earl of Dartmouth. Member of the European Parliament from 2009-2019. Became a stepbrother of Princess Diana when his mother embarked on a 2nd marriage with Diana’s father, John Spencer.
    
20. Derby Earl / Cntess Cass & Ted: Edward Stanley (known informally as Teddy) is the 19th Earl of Derby. Caroline Stanley is Ted’s wife. She was a socialite during the ‘90s and is the daughter of Robin Neville, the 10th Baron Braybrooke
    
21. Dolbey, Alex & Suzie: Suzie Dolbey (nee Murray-Philipson) is the daughter of the recently deceased Robin Murray-Philipson, who was the descendant of the Viscounts Elibank. Alex Dolbey has been the director of several management and investment companies.
    
22. Duchess of York: Former wife of Prince Andrew. Mother of Princess Beatrice and Eugenie.
    
23. Elliot, Ben: Current Co-Chairman of the Conservative Party in the UK and nephew of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall (Prince Charles’s current wife). Elliot is also co-founder of Quintessentially Group, a hospitality group that specializes in leisure, travel, and tourism. Epstein has several ties to this group. Elliot’s spokesman has said that Elliot never met Epstein. However, Elliot has been a dinner guest of Ghislaine Maxwell in New York.
    
24. Fairfax, The Hon Rupert: Hon. Rupert Alexander James Fairfax is the son of Thomas Brian McElvie Fairfax, 13th Lord of Fairfax of Cameron. Rupert is currently Managing Director of Fairfax Saddles, which was awarded the Queen’s Award for Innovation in 2018. This is the highest business award in the UK.
    
25. Fiennes, Martin: The heir apparent to the Baron Saye and Sele, a title of peerage in England. Lives in Broughton Castle. Cousin of actor Ralph Fiennes.
    
26. Fiennes, Suzzana: A British artist who works exclusively with Prince Charles. Susannah is the twin sister of Martin Fiennes and cousin of actor Ralph.
    
27. Freud, Mathew: Matthew Freud is the head of Freud Communications, an international public relations firm. Matthew is also the great-grandson of Sigmund Freud. Freud’s first wife, Caroline Hutton, went on to marry the 9th Earl of Spencer (Princess Diana’s brother). Elisabeth Murdoch, his 2nd wife (now divorced), is the daughter of Rupert Murdoch.
    
28. Robert Olney
    
29. Mr and Mrs Ellingworth
    
30. Lady Amanda
    
31. Patrick and Marla Fairweather
    
32. Gary Ramsey
    
33. Ashley & Allegra Hicks: Ashley is the Godson of Prince Philip, second cousin of Prince Charles, and an interior designer.
    
34. Viscount William Astor: Member of the House of Lords, which creates and shapes laws. There are approximately 800 current members. Chairman of television production company Silvergate Media. Member of the Astor family, which specialized in the fur trade, real estate, and drug smuggling in the early 19th century.
    
35. Tamara Beckwith: English socialite
    
36. Annabelle Bond OBE[1] (born 1969) is a British socialite,[2][3] international adventurer and activist,[4] who came to prominence after climbing the summit of Mount Everest on 15 May 2004, making her the fourth British woman to do so.
    
37. Glentworth, Edmund & Emily: Edmund Pery is the 7th Earl of Limerick and was formerly known as Viscount Glentworth. He worked in British government until becoming director of Deutsche Bank. Emily is Edmund’s wife.
    
38. Granby, David: David Charles Robert Manners is the 11th Duke of Rutland. He also goes by the Marquess of Granby. Granby is a high-profile supporter of the UK Independence Party and has hosted fundraising events at his ancestral home, Belvoir Castle. Employed Harvey Proctor, the former Conservative Parliament member who had to resign because he had sexual relations with underage male prostitutes, as his personal secretary.
    
39. Grenfell, Natasha: Daughter of Lord St Just, heir to a banking fortune and Wilbury Park mansion. Her mother was actress and one-time Tennessee Williams love interest, Maria Britneva. Natasha is a socialite who has is friends with royalty, actors, and musicians
    
40. Hambro, Clementine: Great-granddaughter of Winston Churchill who also served as a bridesmaid at the wedding of Prince Charles and Princess Diana when she was just five-years-old. Her father, Richard, was a British heir and investment banker. K
    
41. Hanover, Ernst & chantal: Prince Ernst Hanover is the head of the royal House of Hanover. The House of Hanover has produced six British monarchs, including King George III and Queen Victoria. The current British monarchy, the Windsors, are actually of German and British descent, which is why these family trees intersect. Most notably, the House of Hanover is perhaps the most important of the Black Nobility families. There have been some fantastic threads on Reddit about the Black Nobility.
    
42. Hanson, Brook: Adopted son of British industrialist, Lord Hanson, Brook died in 2014 at the age of 50.
    
43. Hanson, Lord & Lady: British industrialist who made a fortune in the ‘80s as a Trade and Industry
    
44. Secretary in close friend Margaret Thatcher’s administration. His wife, Geraldine, was a former model. They are both dead.
    
45. Hanson, The Hon Robert: British financier and eldest son of Lord Hanson. Chairman of Hanson Family Holdings, a private investment firm. In the 1980s, Robert worked as a banker at NM Rothschild & Sons before returning to his father’s company. Before getting married, Hanson dated socialite Anouska de Georgiou, who became the first British woman to accuse Jeffrey Epstein of raping her as a teenager (source: https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/how-british-teen-model-was-lured-jeffrey-epstein-s-web-n1056901. Odd that Robert Hanson, his brother Brook, and his parents would have wanted anything to do with Epstein.
    
46. Heseltine, Rupert: Businessman and heir to Haymarket Media Group. Son of Baron Michael Heseltine.
    
47. Hicks, India: A fashion model in the ‘80s and ‘90s, India Hicks is a good friend of Ghislaine Maxwell. Descendant of the Mountbatten family, a British dynasty (although much of their background is German). Granddaughter of the much-decorated war hero, Lord Mountbatten (Prince Charles’s mentor), who, according to FBI files, was “a homosexual with a perversion for young boys” (source: https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/9745399/lord-mountbatten-fbi-dossier-prince-charles/). Prince Charles is her second cousin and Godfather.
    
48. Hill, Anthony: Son of Robin Hall, 8th Marquess of Downshire and Juliet Weld-Forester, daughter of 7th Baron Forester.
    
49. Hoffman, Hetty: Married to Robin Dundas, Earl of Ronaldshay. Lady Ronaldshay is a patron and ambassador for Zoe’s Place Baby Hospice, a UK-based charity that provides care for terminally ill babies and children up to five years old. A good friend of Ben Holland-Martin
    
50. Linley, David: Princess Margaret’s son, Queen Elizabeth II’s nephew, and first cousin of Prince Charles and Prince Andrew. Linley is a furniture maker and the 2nd Earl of Snowdon. He used to be the Chairman of Christie’s auction house in the UK.
    
51. Manners, Eddie: Lord Manners is the son of the 10th Earl of Rutland and an investment banker. He lives at Haddon Hall, a beautiful old mansion.
    
52. Manners, Miss Lucy: An interior designer who is the cousin of Eddie (mentioned above) and the Duke of Rutland. Lucy is a very close friend of Sarah, Duchess of York (Prince Andrew’s first wife), a close friend of Epstein’s, and even served as her lady-in-waiting. Manners lives at Eastnor Castle, which houses 96 rooms.
    
53. Manners, Terssa: Teresa is the daughter of the 10th Duke of Rutland and sister of Eddie and the 11th Duke of Rutland. She was the cover girl for Tatler and posed for Vogue, two magazines that feature many Epstein contacts.
    
54. Menzies, Kate: Close friend of Princess Diana and the Royal Family. The Menzies are millionaires because of their newsagents and distribution group.
    
55. Milford Haven George & Clare: George Mountbatten, 4th Marquess of Milford Haven. Second cousin of Prince Charles. Founded uSwitch, a website that allows you to compare suppliers of various services. Sold the company for $400 million. George’s grandfather was the older brother of Lord Mountbatten, alleged pedophile and father figure/mentor to Prince Charles. George’s wife, Clare, was the Social Editor of Tatler magazine (there it is again!) from 1995-2005.
    
56. Monckton, Rosa: Former President of Tiffany & Co. jewelry company. Daughter of a Viscount. Princess Diana was Monckton’s best friend and the Godmother of one of her children. Rosa also serves as a fundraiser for and on the board of several charities, most of which focus on children. Monckton is a patron for Downside Up, a charity for children with Down Syndrome, with actor Ralph Fiennes, who is also in Epstein’s contacts (http://downsideupcharity.org/node/64). She also raises money for KIDS charity out of London where Liz Hurley (also in Epstein’s contacts) is a patron, along with Elton John, David Cameron, David Furnish, Cherie Booth, and Channel 4 News presenter Cathy Newman (https://www.kids.org.uk/Pages/FAQs/Category/patrons). Epstein once offered Monckton to bring her daughter, who has Down Syndrome, to his house in Palm Beach (https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2003/03/jeffrey-epstein-200303?currentPage=1
    
57. Murray Threipland, Tercious/Claire: Owner of Dunbeath Castle. Claire left her first husband, Henry Herbert, The 17th Earl of Pembroke, to be with Tertius in 1981. Claire’s daughter, Emma, was a bridesmaid at the first marriage of Camila Parker Bowles (now Prince Charles’s wife).
    
58. Negrete, Jelitza: A Countess and descendant of European nobility
    
59. Newman, Hetty: Second wife of the 7th Earl of Caledon.
    
60. Noel, Hon Thomas: Son of Anthony Noel, 5th Earl of Gainsborough
    
61. O’Donnell, Mr Carletto: Financier. Friend of Princess Michael of Kent (King George V’s grandson)
    
62. Oxenberg Christina marc Yaggi: Christina is a writer and fashion designer. Her mother is Princess Elizabeth of Yugoslavia. Her grandparents were Prince Paul of Yugoslavia and Princess Olga of Greece and Denmark. Due to all of the inbreeding between European royals, Christine is a cousin of the Royal Family. Oxenberg used to attend dinner parties at Epstein’s and was also friends with Ghislaine (https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/a30222833/christina-oxenberg-instagram-patreon-memoi). Oxenberg intends to talk to the FBI about Epstein and Maxwell (https://www.tatler.com/article/christina-oxenberg-speaks-to-fbi-about-ghislaine-maxwell-and-jeffrey-epstein). Marc Yaggi is Executive Director of Waterkeeper Alliance, where Oxenberg was once a writer.
    
63. Palumbo, Mr James: Baron Palumbo of Southwark is an entrepreneur and a member of the House of Lords. Co-founder of Ministry of Sound nightclub
    
64. Palumbo, Peter: Father of James (above). Baron Palumbo is a property developer who sat on the House of Lords from 1991-2019. Former polo teammate and close friend of Prince Charles until they had a falling out. Confidant of Princess Diana. Godfather of Princess Beatrice of York, the elder daughter of Prince Andrew. Peter denies ever having met Epstein.
    
65. Pearson Hon Charles: Son of the Third Viscount Cowdray and owner of the 53,000 acre Dunecht estate
    
66. Pease, Simon & Clem: Simon was a successful custodian of the family’s Underley Estate. He was also a High Sheriff of Cumbria. Passed away in 2007. Clementine was his wife.
    
67. Puttnam, David: British film producer, educator, and member of the House of Lords. Puttnam was friends with Princess Diana before her passing.
    

Spanish Royalty
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1. Jose Aznar (Prime Minister)
   
2. Fernando de Cordova Hohenlohe: Spanish nobility. Current Marquis of Alboloduy.
   
3. Joaquin Fernandez de Arion: Spanish royalty. The 10th Duke of Arion. His mother is Princess Beatriz zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg. Married to Diana Langes-Swarovski, the great-great granddaughter of Daniel Swarovski, founder of the crystal manufacturer.
   

Swedish Royalty
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1. Henry & Tatjana D’abo d’abo, d’Abo is the grandson of the 9th Duke of Rutland Tatjana is his wife. Henry is the chairman of Wilton Payments Ltd, a private company that helps with financial intermediation. He and Christopher O’Neill are the primary shareholders of the company. O’Neill is Tatjana’s half-brother, a British-American financier, and husband to Princess Madeleine, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland , a daughter of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
   
2. d’abo, Mrs. Jennifer: British entrepreneur who passed away in 2003. d’Abo was once married to Peter Cadbury from the family of the famous chocolate company. Peter did not work for the company, but he and Jennifer d’Abo had a son together. Their son, Joel Cadbury, became owner of the Groucho Club, a watering hole often frequented by famous people. Three years after Cadbury sold the club, their website became the center of a child pornography scandal (link to story: https://www.sott.net/article/242698-Groucho-Clubs-website-forum-hit-by-child-pornography-scandal
   

French Royalty
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1. Pierre D’ArenBerg
   
2. de Clermont-Tonnerre, Hermine: A French princess who used to have a penchant for partying. The only daughter of Charles Henri, 11th Duke of Clermont-Tonnerre, Hermine was one of 500 guests invited to Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother’s 100th birthday back in 2000.
   
3. Louis Albert de Broglie French prince and entrepreneur The Prince Gardener
   
4. Hauteville, Marc de: Manages Soc Civile du Frayssinet, a real estate company based out of France. There is very little information other than this. Both of his parents appear to be members of noble families - the Hautevilles and the Cazenoves - who have historical ties to the Du Ponts.
   
5. Karella, Kalliope: Wife of Prince Pierre d’Arenberg. Kalliope is a good friend of Ghislaine Maxwell.
   

Saudi Royalty
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1. Amr Al-Dabbagh

Jordan Royalty
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1. Firyal Princess: Jerusalem-born Jordanian princess who was once married to Prince Muhammad bin Talal. Firyal was named an UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador in 1992. Princess Firyal launched the International Hope Foundation in 1994 for the benefit of homeless and street children. Firyal holds positions with several museums (The Louvre, The Tate, MOMA, and Guggenheim), as well as positions with Columbia University, New York Public Library, United Nation Association, and International Rescue Committee.

German Royals
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1. Debbie & Bola Von Bismarck: Leopold (“Bolle”) von Bismarck is the great-grandson of Otto von Bismarck, the first chancellor of Germany. Debbie is a former model and Leopold’s wife. Model Kate Moss is currently engaged to their son, Nikolai.
   
2. Vanessa von Bismarck Cofounder of BPCM, a public relations firm that specialized in fashion, beauty, and wine & spirits. Great-great-granddaughter of Otto von Bismarck.
   
3. Furstenberg, Heinrich & Milana Heinrich is a prince and the Head of the House of Furstenberg as of 2011. He married Milana (Maximiliane of Windlisch-Gaetz), his second cousin, in 1976. He owns and manages the family’s landholdings and beer brewing businesses. His wife (and second cousin) also belongs to a family of high nobility.
   
4. Furstenberg, Alex, Alexandra V.: Alexander is an American businessman and the son of the famous fashion designer Diane von Furstenberg. He remains a partner in his mother’s company. Alexandra is a furniture designer and Alex’s ex-wife. They divorced in 2002 but have 2 children together.
   

Italian Royalty/Nobility
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1. Peretti Brachetti: Ferdinando Brachetti Peretti. Nobility. Son of Count Aldo Maria Brachetti-Peretti. Co-owner of Italian oil company, API.
   
2. Hugo Brachetti: Also co-owner of Italian oil company, API. Ferdinando’s brother.
   
3. Tiberto Brandolini d'Adda Mr. Brandolini d’Adda currently serves as an independent member of the Board of Directors of YAFA S.p.A. In addition, from 2015 to December 2019, he has been an independent Boardmember of LumX Asset Management (Suisse) S.A. (formerly Gottex Fund Management Holdings Limited).
   
4. Muriel Brandolini is a famous interior designer who has worked with Matt Lauer, the Crown Prince and Princess of Greece, and others. Nuno is a banker and (shockingly) comes from money and nobility
   
5. Gianluca Cicogna: CEO, CFO, and President of Beauty Brands Inc. Brother of Gianfranco Cicogna.
   
6. Gioconda Cicogna: Mother of Gianluca and Gianfranco. Interior designer.
   
7. Gianfranco Cicogna: Gianfranco Cicogna Mozzoni was a business leader, a Count by birth, the Ambassador for the Order of Malta at its embassy in Kenya. His grandfather, Giuseppe Volpi, was known as “Italy’s Rockefeller.” Gianfranco died flying a plane at an air show in 2012.
   
8. Marina Cicogna: Countess. Granddaughter of Kingdom of Italy Finance Minister Giuseppe Volpi, one of the richest and most influential men in Italy in the early 1900s.
   
9. Durso Luigi: Luigi d’Urso was a noble and Italian railroad executive who died in 2006. His grandfather was the 9th Duke di Cassano. His mother was the great-granddaughter of George Clymer, one of the founding fathers of the U.S. and signee of both the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. d’Urso was also married to French designer and model Ines de la Fressange.
   
10. Gaetani, Gelasio: Count Gelasio Gaetani comes from one of the oldest families in Rome. The Gaetani (also known as Caetani) family has produced 3 popes, including Pope Boniface VIII. Gelasio is a wine specialist and vineyard owner who helps celebrities buy the most unique bottles of wine throughout the world.
    
11. Gaetani, Rufreido: Roffredo Gaetani was an Italian count, prince, and duke who died in a car crash in 2005. Roffredo came to the public’s attention when he dated Ivana Trump in the 1990s. Brother of Gelasio.
    
12. Pignatelli, Frederico: An Italian prince whose family has “aristocratic ties to Pope Innocenzo XII” (https://federicopignatelli.com/). President, owner, and founder of Pier 59 Studios, the world’s largest photo studio complex. Federico was once accused of sexual harassment by his former assistant, but he was acquitted (https://nymag.com/intelligence2010/08/photography_studio_head_federi.html). Pignatelli also has his own modeling agency which is headed by Brunella Casella, the woman responsible for launching the career of scumbag Naomi Campbell, Cindy Crawford, and others (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/industry-model-management-new-york-office-10505934/
    

IRELAND
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1. Gillford, Lord & Lady: Lord Gillford is Patrick Meade, the 8th Earl of Clanwilliam. He is a businessman who is on the board of Soma Oil & Gas Holdings and Eurasia Drilling Company, where he served as Chairman. Eurasia Drilling Company is owned by Russian billionaire oligarch, Alexander Dzhaparidze and billionaire Alexander Putilov.

Greece
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1. Greece Princess Olga: Princess Olga, Duchess of Apulia (nee Princess Olga Isabelle of Greece) married her second cousin, Prince Aimone of Savoy, Duke of Apulia, in 2008. Olga’s father is first cousins with Prince Phillip (Queen Elizabeth’s wife).
   
2. Greece, MC & Pavlos: Pavlos is the eldest son of Constantine II, the last King of Greece, before the monarchy was abolished in 1973. Worked in New York as an investment portfolio manager. MC is his wife, Marie-Chantal, Crown Princess of Greece. Her father is the billionaire founder of Duty Free Shops. Her sisters, Alexandra and Pia, married into the von Furstenberg and Getty families, respectively. A dinner party was thrown for them at the Standard Hotel in 2009. There were about 12 guests there. One of those exclusive guests was Ghislaine Maxwell (source: https://wwd.com/eye/people/royal-standard-a-fete-for-princess-marie-chantal-and-prince-pavlos-2399957/
   

Russian
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1. Guedroltz, Solina & Nicolas: Solina is a photographer. Her father is a viscount. Nicolas is an antique Russian furniture dealer. He is a Russian prince and is of Belgian nobility through his mother’s side.

Austria
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1. Hapsburg, Marie: Royalty. Her father was Archduke Joseph Arpad of Austria and her mother, Archduchess Maria of Austria, was a Princess of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg and a member of the House of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg by birth. The Hapsburg (also called Habsburg) family is one of the most powerful and wealthiest families in Europe. The Hapsburgs are another Black Nobility family of very high prestige. I couldn’t find anything out about her husband, Raymond van der Meide. They have 7 children together.

1. Fakhre, Danny & Christine: Danny Fakhre is the Chairman of Kochii Oil out of Australia. Christiane is his wife.
   
2. Falletans, Olivier de: Managing partner at Bryan, Olivier, & Co., a mid-market investment bank in Technology. Olivier comes from a family of nobility dating back to at least the 13th century.
   
3. Fanjul, Pepe: Jose “Pepe” Fanjul is a billionaire businessman involved in sugar and real estate. Vice Chairman and President of Flo-Sun. “Pepe” is a Republican. He was one of the largest contributors to George W. Bush’s campaign, is an ardent supporter of Marco Rubio, and co-hosted a large fundraiser for Donald Trump. His older brother, Alfonso Fanjul Jr., is a Democrat and was a co-chair of Bill Clinton’s Florida campaign,
   
4. Faulkner, Terence & Cornelia: Terence Faulkner is Chairman of Leathams PLC, a London-based food distributor. Cornelia is Terence’s wife. She is Director of Leathams and a specialist decorator.
   
5. Felix, Helena: Not much to be found on Helena. She was possibly the director of an investment firm called Edenhaven Limited. Her husband, Peter, was an oral surgeon. He passed away in 2011.
   
6. Ferragamo, Leonardo & Beatrice: Leonardo is the son of Salvatore Ferragamo, the creator of Salvatore Ferragamo, S.p.A., an Italian luxury goods company specializing in shoes, leather goods, and watches.
   
7. Flick Mook: Likely Friedrich Christian Flick, known as Mick Flick. The Flick family was a billionaire coal and steel conglomerate that was accused of war crimes during the Holocaust. Flick’s grandfather financially supported the Nazi Party and used 48,000 forced laborers from the concentration camps, many of whom died due to the conditions. Grandfather Flick was found guilty of war crimes at Nuremberg and served 3 years of his 7-year sentence. Mick (Mook) sold most of his holdings in the ‘80s and retired a billionaire.
   
8. Forbes, Chris (Kip) Astrid: Son of Malcolm Forbes (1919-1990), the former politician and sole owner of Forbes Magazine. Chris Forbes is Vice Chairman of Forbes Publishing Company and brother of former Republican Party primary candidate, Steve Forbes. His wife, Astrid (nee von Heyl), is a German baroness and a descendant of the House of Bismarck, a German noble family.
   
9. Forte, Rocco & Aliai: Rocco Forte owns the Rocco Forte Hotels group. They own fourteen upscale hotels throughout Europe and employee 2500 people. His wife, Aliai, is in fashion design.
   
10. Fraiser, Violet: Likely refers to Violet Fraser, a Communications and Marketing Manager that works with Moussaieff Jewellers through World Media Group. She has also worked for Dior and Bulgari.
    
11. Fraysse, Isabel: Isabelle Fraysse is a former Style Editor for Vogue. Founder of ISI Style Consulting.
    
12. Freud, Mathew: Matthew Freud is the head of Freud Communications, an international public relations firm. Matthew is also the great-grandson of Sigmund Freud. Freud’s first wife, Caroline Hutton, went on to marry the 9th Earl of Spencer (Princess Diana’s brother). Elisabeth Murdoch, his 2nd wife (now divorced), is the daughter of Rupert Murdoch.
    
13. Fry, Cosmo & Amanda: Cosmo is a chocolate heir and the son of well-known inventor Jeremy Fry. Jeremy had royal connections and was slated to be the best man at the wedding of Princess Margaret, Queen Elizabeth II’s younger sister, but was replaced after it had been found out that he approached a man for sex. Cosmo’s owns a company that specializes in making plate racks and bookshelves. Amanda eventually went on to marry rocker Daryl Hall of Hall & Oates fame in 2009 after her divorce from Cosmo.
    
14. Furstenberg, Alex, Alexandra V.: Alexander is an American businessman and the son of the famous fashion designer Diane von Furstenberg. He remains a partner in his mother’s company. Alexandra is a furniture designer and Alex’s ex-wife. They divorced in 2002 but have 2 children together.
    
15. Ganoza, Esteban Juan: A Peruvian businessman who said he met Maxwell in the 1980s when he lived in New York, but denied any ties to pedophilia when his contact information was revealed to be in Epstein’s ‘Black Book.’
    
16. Garland, Michael: Likely the Chairman of investment firm C5 Capital, located in London
    
17. Giussani, Luca: President, CEO of Dorial Telecom, Inc., a telecommunications company.
    
18. Goldsmith, Isabel: An art collector and owner of Hotel Las Alamandas in Mexico. Goldsmith is the daughter of Sir James Goldsmith, a French-British financier, tycoon, and member of the European Parliament.
    
19. Gomme, William & Emma: William Gomme is a former director of several furniture manufacturing companies in London. Emma is his wife.
    
20. Gordon, Jacobo: Spanish businessman who co-founded several real estate and gaming companies with Alejandro Agag. Agag is a former politician in Spain. He became Secretary General of the European People’s Party (EPP), a tremendous political faction in Europe. Agag played a huge role in getting former Italy PM Silvio Berlusconi’s party into the EPP. Berlusconi has been charged for underage prostitution in the past. Agag quit politics to pursue financial and sporting interests. He is married to the daughter of Jose Maria Aznar, the former PM of Spain and Ana Botella Serrano, the first female mayor of Madrid. Guests at Agag’s wedding included kings and queens. Berlusconi and Tony Blair served as witnesses.
    
21. Geary, Tim: Served in public relations and was Director of Membership at Soho House, a restaurant and private members club.
    
22. Gelardin, Jack (jacque)Jacques P. Gelardin currently Founding Partner of J P Gelardin & Co, LLC , Lehman Brothers Inc, Member of the Management Committee,Chairman & CEO, Lehman Brothers International.
    
23. Gertler, Eric: A venture capitalist who served as Chairman of U.S. News & World Report, a media company most known for publishing news, consumer advice, and rankings ranging from education (top universities, high schools, etc.) to job professions, healthcare, and too many others to mention. In 2019, Governor Andrew Cuomo nominated Gertler to serve as President and CEO of Empire State Development, New York’s chief economic agency. In Epstein’s ‘Black Book,’ Privista is listed under Gertler’s name. Privista is a company that protects against identity theft. Gertler was President and CEO.
    
24. Getty, Mark: Co-founder and Chairman of Getty Images, a photographic conglomerate. If you have ever surfed the Internet, you have seen several pictures/images belonging to Getty Images. From 2008-2016, Getty was the Chairman of the Trustees of the National Gallery in London. Grandson of Jean Paul Getty Sr., founder of Getty Oil Company, and one of the richest men in the world during his time. The Getty Family has a net worth north of $5 billion as of 2015.
    
25. Getty, Pia and Chris: Pia Getty is the daughter of billionaire Robert Warren Miller, an American-born British businessman and founder of Duty Free Shops. Pia’s sisters are Princess Alexandra von Furstenberg of designer fame and Maria-Chantal, Crown Princess of Greece, Princess of Denmark. Her ex-husband (1992-2005), Christopher, is Mark Getty’s first cousin. Christopher is also the grandson of Jean Paul Getty Sr. When they were married, Pia and Mark would hold A-list parties on the rooftop of their Manhattan townhouse. Their townhouse was located half a mile from Jeffrey Epstein’s mansion. Many people think that the Getty Museum in Los Angeles houses an underground base and city for the elites.
    
26. Goulandris, Dimitri: Founder of The Cycladic Group, which invests and creates businesses. Spent 8 years at Morgan Stanley in its private equity group. Goulandris is the Executive Director and a Board Member for Knightsbridge Schools, which has 3 schools (KSI Montenegro [a boarding school], KSI Bogota, and KSI Panama), all of which are primary/secondary schools for students aged 2-18.
    
27. Grabau, Lorenzo: Spent seventeen years at Goldman Sachs before becoming CEO of Investment AB Kinnevik, a Swedish investment firm. He was fired less than 3 years after taking the position.
    
28. Graff, Francois: CEO of family-owned Graff, one of the world’s most notable jewellery houses. The company is worth several billion dollars. Graff has been photographed with the likes of Wilbur Ross. In 2001, there was a party celebrating the opening of a new Graff’s store. Attendees included Ghislaine Maxwell, Ivana Trump, Joan Collins, and Denise Rich (source: https://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/05/style/IHT-laurence-graff-and-his-pockets-full-of-diamonds-the-buccaneer-of.html
    
29. Grant Jamie: Likely James Grant, owner of No2 Pound Street, an award-winning wine shop that specializes in British Cheese and cured meats. He and his wife previously worked at some leading hotels and restaurants.
    
30. Green, Jeremy: Likely the former Chief Executive of Quba Property Holdings in South Africa.
    
31. Guccioni, Tony: Son of Penthouse creator Bob Guccione.
    
32. Guest, Cornelia: Named Debutante of the Decade of the 1980s, Cornelia is a well-known New York socialite who comes from money. Her family made money in iron and steel and have served in British politics. In December 2015, Ghislaine Maxwell attended Cornelia’s holiday party.
    
33. Guggenheim, Barbara & Bert Flelds: Guggenheim (not part of the Guggenheim museum family) is a partner at the well-known art advisory firm, Guggenheim, Asher Associates, Inc. They have built collections for Coca Cola and Sony, as well as Tom Cruise and alleged pedophile Steven Spielberg. Epstein victim Maria Farmer once worked for Barbara at her home before meeting Epstein. Farmer got the job through Barbara’s sister, Eileen, who has been accused of being an Epstein enabler. A petition (https://www.change.org/p/david-kratz-eileen-guggenheim-must-be-removed-for-harm-she-caused-to-maria-farmer-by-jeffrey-epstein?recruiter=30424804 to have her removed as Chair of the Board of Trustees of the New York Academy of Art as a result of Maria Farmer’s allegations has over 10,000 signatures. Farmer says that Eileen Guggenheim forced her to sell a painting replicating Degas’s “The Rape” to Epstein. Two weeks after meeting Epstein and Maxwell, Guggenheim took Farmer and other art students to Epstein’s Zorro Ranch in New Mexico (source: https://news.artnet.com/art-world/epstein-ranch-art-students-1760265 Barbara’s husband, Bert Fields, is an entertainment lawyer who has represented the likes of Steven Spielberg, Bob and Harvey Weinstein, George Lucas, Michael Jackson, The Beatles, etc.
    
34. Halpern Jen: A British philanthropist, PR guru, and businesswoman. Her father was knighted by Margaret Thatcher.
    
35. Hammond, Dana: Socialite and heiress to the Annenberg Publishing fortune. Hammond is friends with Ghislaine Maxwell. They have been photographed together at various parties.
    
36. Hayworth Reggie: Heyworth runs the 160 acre Cotswold Wildlife Park, which attracts more than 400,000 people a year. He lives in the middle of the park at the Bradwell Grove estate. .
    
37. Hefner III, Bob: Founder and CEO of GHK Companies, which specializes in oil and natural gas. Founded the Robert and MeiLi Hefner Foundation which sponsors educational trips to China for outstanding high school students. His grandfather, Robert Hefner Sr., served as Mayor of Oklahoma City, was a Supreme Court Justice of Oklahoma, was a member of the executive council of the Boy Scouts of America, and was a thirty-second degree Freemason. This article makes a connection between Jeffrey Epstein, Bob Hefner III, and a winning Powerball lottery ticket that was purchased in Oklahoma in 2008 (source: https://www.thelostogle.com/2019/08/14/no-jeffrey-epstein-did-not-win-25-million-from-an-oklahoma-lottery-ticket-or-did-he/#comments
    
38. Heineken, Mr. Fredie: A Dutch businessman for the Heineken brewing company. Was chairman and CEO from 1971-1989.
    
39. Helen and Tim Shifter: Helen is a former Vogue Magazine staffer. Tim is former CEO of LeSportsac and serves as Senior Advisor at Blackstone Group, a private equity firm. The Schifters are personal friends of Ghislaine Maxwel
    
40. Hersov, Robert & Kim: Robert is a South African entrepreneur and mining heir who has worked for Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, and News Corp. (owned by Murdoch).. Ex-wife Kim is a London-based fashion editor and designer.
    
41. Heseltine, Rupert: Businessman and heir to Haymarket Media Group. Son of Baron Michael Heseltine.
    
42. Jameel, Mohammed: Saudi Arabian businessman. CEO of Abdul Latif Jameel, a collective of family-owned businesses that specialize in transportation, investing, and real estate. Royal pervert Prince Andrew infamously partied on Jameel’s yacht during the 2011 London riots (source: https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/prince-andrew-frolicks-on-yacht-with-mystery-147496
    
43. James, Susie: Founder and owner of 123 Send Ltd, a company that provides payment terminals.
    
44. Katz, Anton & Robin Plant: Anton is CEO and co-founder of Talos Trading, which specializes in cryptocurrency. Anton and Robin are friends of and have been photographed with Ghislaine (source: https://www.patrickmcmullan.com/search/?person=5b3ef50c9f929066764df255
    
45. Kegan, Rory: A nightclub designer and creator. Co-founder of the exclusive, celebrity-filled London nightclub, Chinawhite. Prince Andrew (source: https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/9818190/prince-andrew-pictures-cast-doubt-epstein-sex-slave/ and Prince Albert of Monaco are regulars. Chelsea Clinton has been there, as well (source: https://www.standard.co.uk/news/bright-night-for-china-white-6299739.html). Other patrons include: Prince Andrew, Kate Middleton, George Clooney, Leonardo DiCaprio, and more.
    
46. Keidan, Amanda: Owner of Keidan Jewelry.
    
47. Kersner, Sol: South African accountant and hotel and casino magnate who died of cancer in 2020. Kerzner was a close friend of Donald Trump. They even worked together to create The Palm, a man-made island off the coast of Dubai (source: https://www.ft.com/content/46393280-d9f9-11da-b7de-0000779e2340. Kerzner was also close friends with Sarah Ferguson, Duchess of York (https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/sarah-ferguson-the-duchess-of-york-sol-kerzner-chairman-and-news-photo/83768272), Naomi Campbell (https://www.gettyimages.ca/detail/news-photo/naomi-campbell-and-sol-kerzner-pose-backstage-during-the-news-photo/82869744), and Bill Clinton(https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8144647/As-Sol-Kerzner-dies-aged-84-RICHARD-KAY-looks-riotously-louche-life.html Kerzner was very good friends with Nelson Mandela and built his casino resorts with Gerard Inzerillo
    
48. Khayat, Antoine, Jana, & George: Jana is an heiress and businesswoman. Jana is the niece of Galen Weston, a close friend of Prince Charles. George is her brother and CEO of Associated British Foods. Jana’s husband, Antoine, is a former banker and currently runs their vineyard.
    
49. Klesch, Johnathan: Former Director of Klesch Trading, which specializes in industrial commodities. It has offices in Russia, Malta, Surrey, and in London, down the block from Buckingham Palace.
    
50. Koch, David: Co-founder of Koch Industries, a diversified manufacturing conglomerate. Koch Industries has stolen oil from Indian reservations, committed hundreds of polluting, labor, and workplace safety violations. When he ran on the Libertarian ticket as the vice presidential nominee in 1980, Koch aimed to abolish Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, welfare benefits, and minimum wage. Koch and Epstein were friends. Epstein even attended a party at Koch’s Southampton home (https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7270735/Jeffrey-Epstein-Trumps-closest-advisers-Wilbur-Ross-Rudy-Giuliani-Steve-Mnunchin.html). Koch has also been photographed with Ghislaine Maxwell (https://www.reddit.com/KochWatch/comments/dcjth3/david_koch_ghislaine_maxwell_getty_images/
    
51. Kohl, Astrid: A businesswoman involved in pharmaceuticals. Married to Prince Alexander of Liechtenstein. Daughter-in-law of Prince Philipp of Liechtenstein. Niece of former German Chancellor, Helmut Kohl.
    
52. Kotic, Boby: CEO of Activision Blizzard, a video game holding company. Used to run several electronic companies. From 2003-2008, he was a director at Yahoo! In 2012, he became a non-executive director of Coca-Cola.
    
53. Lal, Dalamal: Director of Akron Corp. & Akron (Nig.) Ltd., a food and beverage import company based out of Nigeria.
    
54. Laurie, Jonathan: Founder and CEO of Cheyne Capital Management, an alternate investment fund firm.
    
55. Lavlada, Laura D.B. de: Laura Diez Barroso is a Mexican businesswoman. She sold her stock in Televisa for $726 million in 1993. Since then, she has been the head of several other companies.
    
56. Le Fur, Jean-Yves: French businessman and magazine creator. He was once Princess Stephanie of Monaco’s ex-fiance. More notably, Le Fur was the one who discovered supermodel Karen Mulder (his girlfriend at the time) on the floor after she attempted suciide. Mulder blew the lid off the rampant rape and sexual abuse that she and her modeling colleagues had suffered at the hands of businessmen, royalty, celebrities, and government officials. She was even the protege of Epstein collaborator (allegedly), Jean Luc Brunel (https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/article238351108.html
    
57. Lea, Piers: CEO of Learning Technologies Group, a workplace digital learning company.
    
58. Lester, Dominick: Founder and owner of MortgageFlex Systems, a mortgage lending company.
    
59. Lindemann, Adam & Elizabeth: Adam is a billionaire investor and art gallery owner. Brother of Sloan. Elizabeth is his ex-wife. She is often photographed with many other people mentioned in Epstein’s ‘Black Book.’
    
60. Lindemann, George(Sr.) & Freida: Now-deceased billionaire father of Sloan and Adam. George was the CEO and Chairman of Southern Union, a pipeline company and served as Vice President of the Metropolitan Opera Association of NYC. His wife, Frayda, is the President and CEO of the Metropolitan Opera.
    
61. Lister, Paul: Likely the director of legal services and company secretary for Associated British Foods
    
62. Lorimer, John & Lottie: John works as a private investor and as a realtor. His wife, Lottie, is an interior designer.
    
63. Macmillan, Dave & Bella: David is a publisher and the grandson of Harold Macmillan, former British Prime Minister (1957-1963). Bella is a British socialite and author. She also designed dresses for Princess Diana. They are now divorced. David and Bella made news in 2015 when it was revealed that Michael Lynton, the CEO of Sony Pictures, jokingly mentioned firing the UK culture minister so that David can take over (https://www.theregister.com/2015/04/18/sony_emails_lynton_vaizey/). David and Bella were voted a top 50 power couple over the age 50 back in 2013.
    
64. Mahler, Giovanni: Businessman in the gas industry. He co-founded Navigator Gas shipping company. The most interesting story revolving around Mahler can be read here (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/millionaires-wife-is-killed-by-speedboat-in-sardinia-305350.html). Mahler was on a motorboat on the way to his yacht in Sardinia where close friend Flavio Briatore (Briatore is Naomi Campbell’s ex-boyfriend and was photographed with Epstein victim Virginia Roberts several times - https://www.the-sun.com/news/265368/prince-andrew-epstein-scandal-accuser-virginia-roberts-posts-chilling-message-aimed-at-naomi-campbell-and-ghislaine/) waited. On the way to the yacht, Mahler and the others on board struck and killed Alex Ciardi, wife of investment banker Giuseppe Ciardi. Turns out that Alex Ciardi worked with the NSPCC, a children’s charity that several others in Epstein’s ‘black book’ (Jemma Kidd, Tim Jeffries, Mary Glanville, Clare Hazell-Ivaegh, Ben Holland-Martin) and Princess Margaret have served. The accident occurred close to Silvio Berlusconi’s villa. Berlusconi is a billionaire businessman and four-time former Prime Minister of Italy who throws infamously raunchy Bunga Bunga parties. He was convicted of paying an underage prostitute for sex, but those charges were later overturned.
    
65. Malenga (Mandela) Machel: A managing director at Whatana Investments Group in Mozambique. His father, Samora Machel, was the first president of Mozambique. He died in an airplane crash in 1986 under mysterious circumstances. His mother, Graca Machel, runs the company. After her husband Samora died, she married Nelson Mandela, who died in 2013.
    
66. Malina, Marjorie: Wife of Frank Malina who co-founded Aerojet, an American rocket and missile propulsion manufacturer. Frank went on to become head of scientific research at UNESCO before creating Leonardo**, a peer-reviewed research journal. Frank was inducted into the International Space Hall of Fame in 1990. Marjorie is the mother of Ghislaine’s brother-in-law, Roger Malina.*\*
    
67. Malkin, Shelly & Tony: Shelly comes from major oil money. Her grandfather founded Belco Petroleum, which was bought out by Enron in the ‘80s. Tony is the chairman, president, and CEO of Empire State Realty Trust, the real estate investment company that owns the Empire State Building, and other properties around New York.
    
68. Manconi, John: Businessman who hosts super exclusive charity polo events attended by Prince Charles, Harry, and Andrew (https://variety.com/2002/scene/vpage/royals-have-splendid-time-1117868882/).
    
69. Manzano, Jose Luis & Alejandra: Jose Luis is an Argentine businessman and former politician. He is a partner in Grupo America, the second largest multimedia group in the country. He has given money to the Clinton Foundation and The Climate Reality Project ran by Al Gore.
    
70. Marks, Stephen & Alisa: Stephen is the founder and chairman of French Connection clothing brand. Alisa is his gold digging ex-wife.
    
71. Marsh, Jeremy: Has served as a managing director and president of Warner Bros. Records, Virgin, Telstar, and RCA.
    
72. Massimo, Parisi: Founder of Baltic Model Management.
    
73. Mattsson, Carolina: Owns a consulting company in Sweden.
    
74. Mavroleon, Basil & Carina: Basil is still involved in shipping, working at Genco as an Independent Director.
    
75. Mavroleon, Manoli: From the same Greek shipping magnate family. His name was listed in the Panama Papers (https://offshoreleaks.icij.org/nodes/11000305 for using offshore tax havens.
    
76. Mavroleon, Nicholas & Barbara: Nicholas works in the family business. His ex-wife, Barbara Carrera, is a model and actress.
    
77. Mayhew, Mr John: Owner of the famous Rules restaurant in Covent Garden. Inherited the Lartington Estate.
    
78. McDonald, John: NYC-based restaurateur.
    
79. Mcleod Jock & Pru: Alasdair ‘Jock’ MacLeod is a long-time executive at Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation. His wife, Prudence, is Rupert Murdoch’s daughter. Coincidentally, Prudence attended The Dalton School while Epstein taught there in the ‘70s (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/12/nyregion/jeffrey-epstein-dalton-teacher.html). Rupert Murdoch is listed later on in Epstein’s contacts. Murdoch also goes back a long way with Ghislaine. Murdoch and Ghislaine’s father, Robert, were rivals since they both owned competing newspapers in the U.S. and abroad (https://c8.alamy.com/comp/B502J2/rupert-murdoch-media-baron-in-conversation-with-fellow-newspaper-owners-B502J2.jpg
    
80. Merison, Guy & Caroline: Guy is co-founder of Hartees, a commodities firm specializing in energy.
    
81. Merivale-Austen, Bruce: Managing Partner of DM Partners Asia, a private wealth management firm. Plays polo every summer with Prince William and Prince Harry (https://www.thailandtatler.com/people/brouce-merivale-austin
    
82. Mermagon, Mr Jonathan: Businessman and close friend of Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan, whose name keeps popping up. Memagden even served as Chairman of the UK PTI Secretariat (https://news.cision.com/curzon-pimran-khan-shares-vision-for-building-a-stronger-pakistan-through-trade,c9336910). PTI is the current ruling political party in Pakistan.
    
83. Minot, Carie & Bell, George: Caroline is a jewelry designer. George has been responsible for several Silicon Valley startup companies. Before that, he was a senior editor of Outdoor Life magazine and has won Emmys for directing and writing conservation documentaries. He also founded Outdoor Life Network (now NBC Sports).
    
84. Montemayor, Cesar: Founder and President of InverCap, a large investment firm
    
85. Monti Riccardo: Managing Director and Senior Partner at BCG (Milan), one of the largest management consulting firms in the world.
    
86. Morton, Peter: Co-founder of the Hard Rock Cafe.
    
87. Murray, Jean Pierre: Founder of Surf Channel and co-founder of TransCash, a prepaid Visa debit card firm.
    
88. Nadler, Emanuel: Businessman involved in mortgage companies.
    
89. Nagel, Adam: Works at W Nagel, broker and advisor to premier diamond manufacturers, such as De Beers.
    
90. Nagel, William: Chairman of W Nagel. Diamond merchant.
    
91. Newman, Mr & Mrs John: John is Hetty’s father. He achieved the rank of Lieutenant in the Royal Horse Guards. He later became a businessman and was director of several companies.
    
92. Niarchos, Constantine: Billionaire son of shipping magnate Stavros Niarchos. Was once married to Alessandra Borghese of Italian papal lineage (and black nobility). He was also romantically linked to Koo Stark, Trinny Woodhall, and Kerry Kennedy (daughter of Bobby Kennedy), all of whom are in Epstein’s ‘black book’. Constantine died of an overdose with enough cocaine in his system to kill 25 men (https://www.theguardian.com/theobserve1999/oct/17/life1.lifemagazine7
    
93. Noel, Vanessa: Luxury shoe designer, hotelier, and gallery owner. Many celebrities are clients of hers.
    
94. Ojora, Yinka: CEO and/or Director of a number of investing groups in Nigeria
    
95. Ong BS & Chritina: Christina is a Singaporean hoteliebusinesswoman who is heavily involved with Club 21 (a luxury fashion brand) and COMO Hotels and Resorts. She runs all of the Armani outlets in Britain, as well as the franchises for Donna Karan, Prada, and Bvlgari. Christina and her husband, Beng Seng, are worth $1.9 billion.
    
96. Ong, Melissa: Christina and BS’s daughter
    
97. Orlando, Fabrice: CEO of Cocoon Events Management Group, a luxury event planning company based out of Morocco.
    
98. Osbourne Rachel: British businesswoman who has served as director for several companies. Otto, Beo & Edwige Edwige manages 2 companies (2 mandates), his main mandate is Administrator within the company 18 MONTAIGNE . Edwige OTTO works in the Real Estate business sector. Julian PORTHAULT is part of Edwige OTTO's network, he is Chairman and CEO of 18 MONTAIGNE .
    
99. Parker, Jackie: Management consultant who sits on the board of several companies. Also the head of global philanthropy for General Motors.
    
100. Paulson, John: Billionaire hedge fund manager
     
101. Pedrini Tito: Jeweller
     
102. Pekeler, Marcus: Communications consultant in Switzerland.
     
103. Picciotto, Michael: Vice-Chairman at Engels & Volkers AG, a real estate firm. Former head of global financial activities for UBP, a Swiss private bank owned by Picciotto’s family.
     
104. Plouvier, Diane & Denis: Denis is the owner of Trousseau linen company (https://www.denisplouvier.fblank
     
105. Polii, Edoardo: Powerboat champion and textile entrepreneur.
     
106. Polu, Clary: “Marketing director of Lycos and Meetic, wife of the "startup" Christophe Schaming, co-shareholder of Winamax, the online betting company co-founded by the mysterious passenger of the Lolita Express Nicole Junkermann” (http://faitsetdocuments.com/articles.html
     
107. Porthault, Mr & Mrs: Marc Porthault runs the family linen business, D Porthault. Marc’s parents founded the company. Clients include Bill Gates, Woody Allen, the Mellons, and the Kennedys. Marc’s wife, Isabelle, is the head of human resources of Chanel in Europe.
     
108. Porthault, Remi & Isabel: Remi is the marketing director and president of the U.S. subsidiary of D Porthault linens.
     
109. Potter, Muffie: Socialite and former executive at Van Cleef & Arpels, a watch company. Married to famed plastic surgeon, Sherrell Aston. She has been photographed with Ghislaine and Peggy Siegal at various events.
     
110. Prestin, Electra: Former vice president of merchandising for Ralph Lauren and co-founder of Adam & Eve clothing company. Her father, Lewis T. Preston, was chairman of J.P. Morgan and president of the World Bank (appointed by George H.W. Bush). Her great-grandfather was newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer, whom the Pulitzer Prize is named after. Another great-grandfather of hers was a partner in the Standard Oil Company of John D. Rockefeller.
     
111. Price, Judy: Founder of Avenue, a magazine about New York City.
     
112. Puig Marc: Chief executive and president of Puig, a fragrance and fashion company.
     
113. Quartucci, Alan: Founder of North Shore Bloodstock and North Shore Insurance, thoroughbred bloodstock companies that provide equine insurance, consulting services, racehorse management, and more.
     

What Does the Fourth Amendment Mean?
Whether a particular type of search is considered reasonable in the eyes of the law, is determined by balancing two important interests. On one side of the scale is the intrusion on an individual's Fourth Amendment rights. On the other side of the scale are legitimate government interests, such as public safety.
The extent to which an individual is protected by the Fourth Amendment depends, in part, on the location of the search or seizure. Minnesota v. Carter, 525 U.S. 83 (1998).
Home
Searches and seizures inside a home without a warrant are presumptively unreasonable. Payton v. New York, 445 U.S. 573 (1980).
However, there are some exceptions. A warrantless search may be lawful:
If an officer is given consent to search; Davis v. United States, 328 U.S. 582 (1946) If the search is incident to a lawful arrest; United States v. Robinson, 414 U.S. 218 (1973) If there is probable cause to search and exigent circumstances; Payton v. New York, 445 U.S. 573 (1980) If the items are in plain view; Maryland v. Macon, 472 U.S. 463 (1985).
Wikipedia (“the poor man’s dictionary” Admiral Sentence lolol)
“The Fourth Amendment (Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights. It prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures. In addition, it sets requirements for issuing warrants: warrants must be issued by a judge or magistrate, justified by probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and must particularly describe the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.”
Richard Allen is an American citizen. That’s a fact. Richard Allen, regardless of what anyone thinks, is protected by the 4th Amendment. The Indiana State Police and the FBI and and the Carroll County Sheriff Department knew about Richard Allen from the time he said he was on the bridge that day at that time wearing what he was wearing. We know from a locally published news story quoting the lead ISP investigator in the Delphi murders of Abby and Libby, that the investigation had a “team of detectives constantly circling back” so as not to overlook an important clue. Don’t believe me— Google ISP Sargent Jerry Holeman. It’s a fairytale that Allen was overlooked.
Google: ISP Sargent Jerry Holeman 6 month anniversary interview on Delphi murders.
It’s there in all sorts of interviews and local stories from the 6 month anniversary date of the murders of Abby and Libby.
Richard Allen was always a suspect. Nobody saw Richard Allen do what he now stands accused of doing. Even though he was a suspect on law enforcements radar they did not have that all important probable cause to search his house.
That didn’t come until a certain individual tied to Delphi through multiple searches on his home, including a backyard search of his granny’s house— led investigators to a pile of ashes behind Richard Allen’s backyard shed. Don’t believe me— you can read about all of these searches on this Delphi sub— backed up by local news media confirmation.
It took an informant— somebody connected to the murders— to get to Richard Allen. How could anyone know that? Simply look where that informant had the ISP searching a muddy River next to a bridge less than two miles from his home.
You don’t think they found something important in that River? I say look at where ISP investigators went after muddy River search ended. They went right to granny’s backyard burn pit. Trust me it took finding that murder weapon to get a search warrant probable cause affidavit signed by a judge to search through that old ladies trash dump. Junior knows his dad burned bloody evidence in that trash dump. That’s why investigators were looking there.
Where did ISP investigators go right after sifting ashes and unburned orange peels for a week behind granny’s house. They went directly to that guys house that nobody ever heard of but the FBI, The ISP, The Carroll County Sherriff’s office and the Carroll County prosecutors office. They all knew about Richard Allen— the fact that they found a weapon in a River and burned evidence they were looking for in granny’s trash dump— allowed investigators to get that judge to sign a search warrant PCA to get into Richard Allen’s backyard ash pile hidden close to the back of that shed. We even have an account from a neighbor reported in the local media— investigators were there before sun up with flashlights sifting through ashes. You couldn’t make this shit up. They were there early that October 13, 2022 predawn morning looking for the same evidence they were just looking for at granny’s house on Paw Paw Pike in beautiful Peru, Indiana some 40 miles away.
From that backyard pile of ashes investigators sifted enough evidence to go back to that judge and get a warrant to get inside Richard Allen’s house. We know this because there are witness accounts reported by the local news that there was a lull in the search as searchers and the Allen’s were all outside— before the searchers moved inside the house. Obviously waiting on the more intrusive search warrant to arrive back from that judges signature. They found the .40 SiG Sauer P226 and the rest is history.
The crybaby Allen says he didn’t do it. Where have we all heard that before??
I have my suspicions. I won’t use the maggots name but you may or may not know who that is. He’s the same guy a lot of people think killed Abby and Libby. He’s the guy that beat up that little boy on a toilet bowl. He stalked that 11 year old girl with his truck and scared her to so bad her mother had to get a restraining order pulled on his POS ass. Not the guy you want living in your neighborhood. The Good Old Boy syndrome in rural Central Indiana allowed him to roam freed after only 10 days in jail for cracking that 8 year old boys skull.
I’ll leave it at that..
We shall see
edit/ added quotation for Wikipedia reference

This is a automatic summary bot in beta.
I have always liked the idea of having a summary of each stream, since i'm not always able to watch the whole stream and the VODs are a committment to watch in entirity.
I've updated the script to summarize broad points over a greater period of time. Some of the first summaries were generated from a very short window of the stream, so the summaries were hyperspecific but handicapped by a lack of context. Hopefully this is better. The bullet point format is somthing i'm working on, the LLM jumps around a lot in the formatting.
Disclaimer: these summaries may be incomplete, or in some cases incorrect. Use your best judgement if you think something sounds off. With limiting computing power, It's cost prohibitive to run the entire transcript through an LLM. I'm looking at alternatives, but right now I think this gives a decent idea of the 'flavor' of the topics covered for each time period. I'm finding it useful to go back and listen to specific sections of the stream based on the themes of each summary, I reccomend using it like that.
I'll update this post with periodic summaries of topics covered.
TLDR: 1. Indictment of former President Donald Trump and its implications on politics 2. Lawlessness and corruption in the political system 3. Reparations for past wrongs 4. End racism and oppression 5. Pursuing justice for white on white crime 6. Propaganda for children in Drag Story Time and Conservative Story Time 7. Horse speed ticket incident involving former President George W. Bush 8. Mental illness awareness campaign and exclusive wheel discussed in King Kong Magazine 9. Fox News discussed the indictment of Alvin Bragg 10. Grand Jury, Prosecutors, Legal Counters, and Department of Justice discussed
01:45 PM - 01:51 PM

• Ethan is prepping for a King Kong magazine cover photoshoot in the streets of Los Angeles.
• Dick Wolf is helping him to create an edgy, yet classic look for the shoot.
• They are discussing lighting, props, and wardrobe to achieve the desired results.
• They are also discussing the importance of having a good team to execute their vision.

01:54 PM - 02:00 PM

• A customer brought their Camry in to repair a pothole-related issue with their tire.
• The mechanic conducted a materials analysis and suggested changing the spare tire as well.
• The customer was concerned about the cost of the repair, but the mechanic reassured them.
• The mechanic explained that potholes can be very crippling to cars in Michigan.

02:03 PM - 02:09 PM

• Richard Wolfe discussed his experience creating King Kong magazine, a high art/sex mix.
• Lydia Wren was featured on the cover, selling out quickly.
• Nazis, violence against women, edgy photo shoots and celebrities were all featured.
• Mental illness awareness campaign and exclusive wheel were also discussed.

02:12 PM - 02:18 PM

• Gambling and CS:GO discussed, with potential for public damage if solidarity is publicly shown.
• Parasocialist support between individuals discussed.
• Violence, assault, and murder discussed, as well as how to cover them in a magazine.
• Engaging publicly to win and the metaphor of King Kong for public damage discussed.

02:21 PM - 02:27 PM

• Women: Violence against women is a prevalent issue in conservative media.
• Cutie: Adam 22 jokingly refers to Aiden Ross as "cutie".
• Period: Adam 22 acknowledges the extra difficulties women face during their period.
• Photos: Photos can be great, according to Adam 22.

02:30 PM - 02:36 PM

• Trump using indictment as bait to make Democrats mad
• Legal implications of a President being indicted
• Potential for Supreme Court case & political fallout
• Impeachment proceedings a possibility

02:39 PM - 02:45 PM

• Former presidents have broken the law
• George W. Bush was one of them
• Horse speed ticket was a famous incident
• Nixon not included in the list

02:48 PM - 02:54 PM

• Former President Donald Trump has been indicted for horse speeding and jury tampering, with potential jail time if convicted.
• Jonathan Turley, Dick Cheney, and other experts weigh in on the seriousness of the charges.
• The political environment surrounding the case is discussed, as well as the experience of candidate Andy Biggs, Jessica, Alvin Bragg, and Jesse Watters in the judicial system and criminal justice system.
• The RICO case is discussed in relation to Joe Brandon's lawsuit, Fannie Willis' Prop 65, and Andrew Tate's transcription of relevant keywords.

03:00 PM - 03:06 PM

• Grand Jury: Investigates potential criminal activity and can bring charges.
• Prosecutors: Present the case against accused in criminal trials.
• Legal Counters: Provide legal advice and representation.
• Department of Justice: Enforces law and administers justice.

03:09 PM - 03:15 PM

• Indictment of former President Donald Trump and its implications on politics
• Discussion of "Trump Derangement Syndrome" among Democrats
• Comments from Alvin Bragg, Pete Aguilar, Adam Schiff, Jim Jordan, Brian Stile, James Comer and Tom Tillis
• The importance of upholding the rule of law and the deadline for the House committee chairs to act

03:09 PM - 03:15 PM

• Fox News discussed the indictment of Alvin Bragg, who is running for New York Attorney General.
• House Judiciary Committee discussed the importance of upholding the rule of law and setting a deadline for action.
• Representatives Pete Aguilar, Adam Schiff, Jim Jordan, Brian Stile, James Comer, and Tom Tillis were present in the hearing.
• The discussion focused on Trump derangement syndrome and the implications of the indictment.

03:39 PM - 03:45 PM

• Understand the current political and social climate to better understand the 2023 election.
• Be informed and involved in the political process, and make sure to vote.
• Take risks and be creative in order to achieve success.
• Develop a strong moral compass and use storytelling for meaningful change.

04:09 PM - 04:15 PM

• Joe Biden and Alvin Bragg discussed the potential indictment of Donald Trump and the implications of his campaign finance violations.
• Judge Jeanine Pirro and Jesse Watters discussed the weaponization of the federal government by Robert Mueller and George Soros' involvement in New York City.
• Mike and Jack Smith discussed the Democrats' potential for a police state.
• Fannie Willis and Judge Jeanine Pirro discussed the Electoral Count Act of 1887 and its implications for the 2020 election.

04:39 PM - 04:45 PM

• Ron DeSantis discussed the potential extradition of Donald Trump from Florida to New York and the Democrats' confidence in the election.
• Alvin Bragg and Chris Keis discussed the grand jury investigation into Donald Trump and its legal implications.
• John Miller and Laura Ingraham discussed the extradition of Donald Trump and its implications on Fox News coverage.
• Kathy Hochul discussed the necessity of extradition and its impact on the election.

05:09 PM - 05:15 PM

• Lawlessness and corruption in the political system
• Donald Trump and associates accused of criminal activity
• Republicans using criminal attorneys to participate in the process
• Arrest of political opponents due to ruling party's power

05:39 PM - 05:45 PM

• Organized Democrats and Republicans engaging in retaliatory and radical actions
• District attorneys attempting to arrest people
• President Trump and President Biden facing family and corruption issues
• Star Wars, Tucker, and DeSantis stirring up controversy

06:09 PM - 06:15 PM

• Propaganda for children in Drag Story Time and Conservative Story Time
• Ben Shapiro writing a children's book
• Journalism vs Harassment in bathrooms
• Tim Pool name dropping and claiming someone promotes violence

06:39 PM - 06:45 PM

• Reparations for past wrongs
• End racism and oppression
• Respect ancestors and their legacy
• Empower all people to speak, understand, and do the most

07:09 PM - 07:15 PM

• Pursuing justice for white on white crime is important, including accurate documentation and holding people accountable.
• Public trials are necessary and transcripts should be produced to provide evidence.
• Understanding the situation and potential consequences is key, as well as asking “galaxy brain questions” and making “chess master moves”.
• Flight logs, celebrities, weight/height in DMV records, and other relevant information should be taken into account when pursuing justice.

It’s a very ableist and very rejected phrase… but have we ever stopped to question why it exists in the first place?
Other than Rett Syndrome, a type of autism in girls that often involves facial deformities, have there been any studies done to see any sort of similar facial features in a group of autistics?
If so many people around the world are saying the same thing, that means they all have an idea of an autistic “look” in their minds. Does anyone have any interesting studies or opinions about what exactly the autistic ‘look’ they’re thinking about is? And where it came from?

I have now been browsing the AskHistorians subreddit for quite a while. Earlier in the year, I noticed an uptick in questions about the origins of the AD dating systems and about western chronology in general, with several answers redirecting queries to the subreddit’s FAQ. Out of curiosity and since this is stuff that I have studied and I should know (no matter what my impostor syndrome tells me), I checked the relevant section of the FAQ (https://www.reddit.com/AskHistorians/wiki/language/#wiki_calendars).
Sitting at the top of the list of answered question, there is the sixth episode of the AskHistorians podcast, titled “How did we decide what year it is?”. It was hosted by Algenon_Asimov and it dates back all the way to March 18th, 2014. The host attempts to answer the titular question and while at it, he goes into a bit of an exploration of various alternative dating systems. However, the focus of the podcast is on the origins of the Christian era, that is to say, the Anno Domini system counting the years from the supposed birth of Jesus Christ, with special attention given to the figure of the sixth-century monk Dionysius, who is often credited with coming up with it. The podcast concludes with a recap of the reception of his work by later chronologists.
I have a lot of issues with the contents of this podcast, which is surprising, because the majority of the answers in that FAQ are in fact quite solid and well-researched, including one written by the same user who hosted the podcast. While it’s not especially terrible, it is really not up to the usual standard of the subreddit. With this post I want to explain why. There are a few minor quibbles and one big problem. I will discuss them in due order, reporting the relevant timestamps, but I want to dedicate more space to the one major piece of bad history found in the podcast.
Starting at the 3.45-minute mark and ending at the 8.30 mark there is a list of various dating systems from the ancient world. These are: the Roman consular lists, the Ab Urbe Condita reckoning, the Seleucid era, the Anno Mundi, the Chinese regnal years era, the Olympiads and the Mayan calendar. I do not have much to say about this section, as most of the information reported is, as far as I know, correct. I take issue with the host’s pronunciation of “Ab Urbe Condita” (4.55): that’s a long I so the stress should fall on the antepenultimate syllable (CONdita and not conDIta). Moreover, you could argue that, while the last eponymous consul was indeed appointed under Justinian (4.30), the emperor did not abolish the consular position altogether, it just became one of the accessories of the imperial title, with the dating function being taken over by reference to the regnal years.
At the 8.40-minute mark we meet our protagonist: Dionysius the Scythian abbas. I am not going to call him Exiguus and nor I have any intention to translate his name to Dennis the Little. Please be aware that this is more of pet peeve of mine than substantial criticism, as I will explain in a short while.
First, a bit of context: what little we know about Dionysius comes from two main sources: his own works and what his contemporary and admirer Cassiodorus wrote about him. Cassiodorus (Institutiones, 1, 23.2-4) told us that Dionysius was born a Scythian, and that he was a bilingual scholar learned in both Latin and Greek, and a humble and devout monk who had moved to Rome sometimes in the early 500s. He was likely already dead by the time Cassiodorus was writing (the 550s). Cassiodorus called him an abbas, a title of respect for an ascetic clergyman, though this does not necessarily mean that Dionysius had any organizational or leadership responsibilities in his community. Of Dionysius’s own work, quite a lot has survived. Most of it consists of translations of Greek texts into Latin, the most significant being that of canons of the ecclesiastical councils and of papal decretals from the fourth and fifth century. Even his work on chronology can primarily be described as a translation.
As promised, a little aside about my pet peeve: in the dedicatory prefaces of these works and in his Paschal letters (which are the main reason for his notoriety today) Dionysius seems to adopt the cognomen Exiguus for himself, and the full name Dionysius Exiguus is the one that the scientific community has adopted for him. I can’t do anything about it, but since the study of epistolary conventions is what I wrote my thesis about, I will have everyone who bothers to listen to me know that, in this case, Exiguus is an epistolary formula humilitatis and should not be understood as a cognomen. In letters from Late Antiquity, the hierarchical nature of society and the need to show one’s adherence to the humility demanded by the Christian ethos caused writers to expand their salutations with expressions such as servus (slave) peccator (sinner) infimus (the least). Exiguus (little) only appears in Dionysius’s work in this context: he would have not called himself that in other occasions. His friend Cassiodorus did not address him that way, and Dionysius was certainly not the last to use Exiguus in a prefatory address. At least Alden Mosshammer seems to agree with me on this one (Mosshammer, 2008 p.6).
With this introduction and this little rant out of the way, let us go back to the podcast and into the meat of things. How did the Anno Domini come to be?
“Dionysius was working on how to keep track of when Easter fell each year” (8.45).
Yes. The host goes on to explain how Easter is a movable feast, as its date depends on both the solar and lunar calendars.
“There were already a few competing methods used to calculate Easter in different parts of Christendom” (9.43).
All of this is essentially correct, though a bit of context is missing. Dionysius was seemingly contacted by the papal curia about the issue of Easter twice. In 525, he was tasked with translating the Alexandrian Easter tables, which he did, and to which he even appended a prefatory letter and a series of (translated) argumenta explaining the inner workings of the 19-year lunisolar cycle around which they revolved. Why did the papal curia need him? Because they were facing a bit of a crisis with the Easter calculations then in use in the Latin church, those that Victorius of Aquitaine had worked out at the time of Pope Leo, in 457. Though Victorius had also based his work on the Alexandrian tables, he had left a few problematic years in which, because of both technical issues and clashing liturgical traditions, he proposed two valid dates for Easter instead of one. The year 526 was one of these occasions, hence why Dionysius had to go back to the Alexandrian sources in 525. He was again questioned about the 19-year cycle the following year, providing his answer in another letter.
“Dionysius had no great insights into calculating when Easter would be each year” (9.52)
Not really. We have no reason to think that Dionysius was not a competent computist. Sure, he was not original, but his letter showed that he understood the argumenta that he translated, though not all of them can be attributed to him (Warntjes, 2010).
“He basically just extended the work of some people in the bishopric of Alexandria … However, he did bring one innovation to the process: he came up with a new way of referring to the years” (9.55-10.15)
Yes, Dionysius did extend the Alexandrian table for the 95-years (19×5) period from 532 to 626 and changed the frame of reference for counting the years. As the podcast correctly narrates (10.16-11.00), the Alexandrian tables counted the years according to the so-called Era of the Martyrs which begins with the reign of Diocletianus in 284 AD and Dionysius did not want the last great persecutor of the Christians to be remembered. Having rejected this system, Dionysius decided to count the years from the Incarnation of Christ, which he indicated as 525 years before his time, thus inaugurating the AD system. The host comments:
“By the way, Dionysius got it wrong, we now believe that Jesus was probably born about four to seven years earlier than Dionysius calculated … There have always been people who believed that Jesus was born earlier than the year Dionysius picked” (11.36-11.55)
The most recent studies, however, are inclined to question whether Dionysius actually came up with the new system all by himself. After all, he was translating and adapting the Alexandrian tradition for usage by the Latins, not doing original work. Is it not possible that the new system for counting years that he introduced was also something that he found in his Alexandrian sources? This is essentially the thesis of the most comprehensive study of the origins of the Christian Era by Alden A. Mosshammer and of a few competing theories such as that of Daniel P. McCarthy.
In the words of Mosshammer: “The general consensus of authorities earlier than Dionysius is that Jesus was born in the year corresponding to 2 or 3 BC … Most scholars have thought therefore that Dionysius did not follow an established tradition but generated his own date for the Nativity. Either he misinterpreted the evidence or he deliberately distorted it for reasons of his own. Some more recent scholars have thought that Dionysius did accept an already established date” (Mosshammer, 2008 p. 339-40). Mosshammer goes on to argue that the Christian era of Dionysius was a different take on the pre-existing Anno Mundi system adopted by Julius Africanus in the third-century AD. Regardless of whether one finds his arguments convincing (I personally am unsure, I really like McCarthy’s idea of an Eusebian origin for Anno Domini), the immense mole of data and theories that he collected, analysed and argued against, while writing his book leaves little doubt about whether Dionysius was the originator of the base-date of the AD system: he most likely was not, it is just a matter of finding his sources. Leofranc Holford-Strevens wrote illuminating words about Dionysius’s overall attitude towards his “new” dating system: “He does not explain or justify the underlying date, or even claim it for his own discovery but treats it as an unproblematic fact, corresponding to current knowledge or belief” (Blackburn & Holford-Strevens, 1999 p. 778).
So let see what our podcast has to say about the origins of this “new” system. How did Dionysius come up with his date, since the argument here is that it was something he invented by himself? Brace yourself, the real bombshell of bad history is about to hit.
“So why did Dionysius pick a year [for Jesus’s birth] that was contradicted by his own Bible? Well, because of something decidedly non-Christian called the Great Year”. (12.15-12.26)
The Great Year? This is… unexpected. Leaving aside the fact that physical copies of what we would now call a Bible were likely not around in Dionysius’s time, where does this Great Year come from? When I first listened to this podcast, I started to think that I must have missed something major while studying this stuff, as I had no idea about the existence of a theory that argued that Dionysius derived his dating system from whatever a Great Year is. This, the host explains (12.26-14.10) is a confusing amalgamation of two separate astronomical facts. One is the theoretical notion, supposedly found in Plato, that there must exist one moment in time in which all the relevant elements of night sky (the visible planets, the moon, the sun, the ”moving” stars) complete their cyclical movement at the same time. The second element is the precession of the equinoxes, that is, movement of the axis around which Earth revolves on itself, which eventually results in the slow but visible shift of the circle of the Zodiac relative to the position of the sun during each equinox. According to the podcast the two notions “somehow got conflated, put together” (14.13). The Great Year is described as that period after which all things in the universe including the precession of the equinoxes, would cycle back to their starting position. At the time of Dionysius there was a belief that such Great Year was a period of 24000 years (14.51-15.10), and it was broken up into twelve ages of 2000 years each, corresponding to the sign of the Zodiac. Here the host goes on a tangent to remind us that the dawning of the Age of Aquarius was a thing among the hippies in the Seventies (15.10-15.41), which should have probably alerted him about the fact that this Great Year has a lot to do with astrological nonsense and little to do with the origins of the Anno Domini system.
Supposedly Dionysius had accurately calculated that there was going to be a conjunction of celestial bodies in what we now call the year 2000. Recognising it as the sign of the end of one of the twelve ages, he established the starting point of his dating system, associated with the birth of Jesus, exactly 2000 years before, so that Jesus would have been born at the beginning of the Age of Pisces and that the planetary conjunction that he had recognised would mark the beginning of the Age of Aquarius (15.41-16.35). He would have sacrificed chronological precision (Dionysius would have known that Jesus was likely born earlier than that), for the sake of his understanding of the Universe as dictated by ancient astrological knowledge. Now, don’t get me wrong, astrological notions such as these were perfectly valid tools of the astronomical sciences in Late Antiquity. It is plausible that someone like Dionysius was familiar with them, but there simply is no evidence to make the claim that they were this pivotal in his reworking of the reckoning of the years, which, it should be remembered was a minor adjunct to the Easter tables and probably not an original one at that.
“So even though we call it Anno Domini, or in the year of Our Lord, it’s a mishmash of astronomical and astrological influences”. (16.38)
What to make of this? I had never heard about the Great Year having anything to do with our calendar. When I first listened to the podcast I was not sure, and in fact, I was afraid I had missed out something big while studying this stuff. I went back to my books (list in the bibliography) and found nothing about it. Googling about the Great Year and the Ages of the Zodiac led me to a plethora of websites for astrology nuts, but to nothing that might have been the academic source used by the podcast host. Finally, the Wikipedia page about Astronomical ages (link) provided with one relevant article by one Sepp Rothwangl (actually three articles are referenced, but two are anonymous and yielded nothing upon inspection) that might have been the source of the podcast’s claim about the Great Year. The article is referenced precisely in the section establishing a possible connection between the Astrological Ages and the Anno Domini.
The Wikipedia page had built up my hopes of having found something more substantial than what I heard in the podcast, because it mentions that Dionysius’s alteration of the year-reckoning system was supposed to stave off the End-of-the-World panic associated with year 500 AD. Let me explain why I found this interesting. There is a documented belief among early Christian authors that the Second Coming of Christ should coincide with the end of the sixth millennium of the Age of World. There were several attempts at establishing a general calendar of the world (Anno Mundi) and at placing the birth of Christ in this absolute chronological framework. Two of the most successful Anno Mundi system were that of Julius Africanus, which placed the birth of Christ in AM 5500 (and which is also related to Dionysius’s Anno Domini according to Mosshammer’s theory) and that of Eusebius, which placed the birth of Christ in AM 5200 (Palmer, 2014; Declerq, 2000). According to these systems the End-Times would have begun respectively in AD 500 and in AD 800. Richard Landes has suggested that written records, more specifically chronicles and dating clauses counting down the years leading up to one of these dates shows that Christian intellectuals begun to post-pone the date of the Apocalypse as calculated in these two system, switching first to Eusebius’s count when the year 500 approached and then to the Dionysian date of AD 1000 as soon as the year 800 was upon them (Landes, 1988). This theory has been under revision in recent years, with scholars questioning whether these records were actually indicative of widespread End-Times panic (Palmer, 2014; Warntjes 2018). I was looking forward to finding out if any other evidence had emerged that could help in the debate.
Unfortunately, I could not find the article cited by Wikipedia, but I was able to read another article on the same topic by the same author, Sepp Rothwangl, on his Researchgate page (Link). Alas there really was not much to it, no analysis of Dionysius work, no new connection with Julius Africanus, and the claim about Dionysius finding out about the year 2000 conjunction appears to be backed by no actual evidence. I will not engage with Rothwangl’s article at any length, mostly because I have no way to prove that it was the only source for u/Algenon_Asimov in our podcast. The one clear connection between the podcast and the article is the notion that Dionysius somehow predicted the conjunction in the year 2000. I will only say that, now armed with a name, I went back to Mosshammer’s book. To my surprise Mosshammer did address Sepp Rothwangl’s theory but his words are rather damning, and they reflect the opinion I had already formed by myself: “Rothwangl attributes to Dionysius both an astronomical knowledge and an interest in Millennialism for which there is no direct evidence” (Mosshammer, 2008, p. 355.)
So, if I am correct in detecting Rothwangl as a source, it would appear that, in order to explain the origins of the AD system, the podcast was relying not on mainstream academic works but on a fringe position. Not only that, but the only portion of the theory that does have connection with actual academic debates, the possible connection with millenarist ideas, was completely left out during the host’s explanation. Overall, not a good look for AskHistorians.
Now, onto the final section of the podcast, about which I have only one minor quibble: the host links the upsurge in popularity of the Anno Domini system with Bede’s writing of the Ecclesiastical History of the English People (17.50-19-25). While it is correct to say that his was the first book of history to make consistent use of the Christian Era, Bede’s major contribution to the popularity of the Anno Domini Era was his work on scientific chronology, or computus, specifically the short tract De Tempore and the longer and very well-received De Temporum Ratione. These were widely read during the so-called Carolingian Reinassance and were the decisive factor for having most other computists adopt to the Dionysian reckoning of years. Easter calculations might have been the appanage of “the darkness of monasteries and churches” (17.25), but they had massive influence on Christian society at large. A work of history, no matter how well-written and popular, would never have had the same influence on Christian intellectuals as a massive tract on the reckoning of times.
Now, If I may, a few words about this podcast in particular and AskHistorians in general.
It is all well and good reach out to non-historians and try to explain the whys and whens of past events and how our way to see the world came to be. It should be, in fact, one of the main preoccupations of academic historians, even though they are, in my opinion, more often than not rather neglectful of it. But, when necessary, it must be said that things are more complicated than they look and that questions that to a layman would appear trivial, are in fact nigh-impossible to be answered in full, even by experts, least of all by people, who like myself, try to discuss history on the Internet in their spare time.
“How did we decide what year it is?” is precisely one such question. It seems trivial but it is in fact asking to unravel the entire history of western scientific chronology. And this history has darker periods marked by lack of evidence. The origins of Dionysius are unfortunately still somewhat in the dark. As Philip Nothaft bluntly puts it: “The precise rationale for Dionysius’s equation of the 284th year of the Diocletian era with the year 532 from the incarnation has long puzzled modern scholars and will probably never be explained to everybody’s satisfaction” (Nothaft, 2011). I think that the correct thing to do in a situation in which an answer is still desirable would be to present the topic as still being debated, explain why, and then maybe explain what are the major competing theories about it. I daresay, that I would not have written this post if the podcast had at least mentioned that “the Great Year theory” was one of many about the origins of Anno Domini (though it is fringe and one of the most “out-there”, as far as I understand). Why did Algenon_Asimov decide to present it as the only answer? I cannot speak for him, but I do believe that it has to do with every historian’s reluctance to admit that a certain problem simply cannot be solved and not every question can get an exhaustive answer. It also probably helps that, for various reasons, “Christian thing turns out to have been a Pagan thing all along” is a tried and tested trope of anglophone pop-history. Sitting comfortably on it is a good way to quickly answer questions, but not a good way to explain history to the public. This episode of the AskHistorian podcast should not be on top of the subreddit FAQ about calendars and chronology. It does not give a clear idea of the academic consensus about the origins of the Christian Era and does a disservice to the otherwise excellent work usually found on Askhistorians.
Bibliography
Cassiodorus, Institutiones divinarum et saecularium litterarum, ed. R. A. B. Mynors (Oxford 1939); trans. James W. Halporn, Cassiodorus. Institutions of Divine and secular learning and On the Soul, Translated Texts for Historians 42 (Liverpool 2004).
Dionysius, Epistola ad Bonifatium et Bonum de Ratione Paschae and Argumenta Paschalia, ed. Bruno Krusch, Studien zur christlich-mittelalterlichen Chronologie: die Entstehung unserer heutigen Zeitrechnung I Victorius. Ersatz der fehlerhaften Ausgabe Mommsens in den M.G. II Dionysius Exiguus, der Begründer der christlichen Ära (Berlin, 1938), pp. 75-86.
Bonnie Blackburn & Leofranc Holford-Streven, The Oxford Companion to the year. An exploration of calendar customs and time reckoning (Oxford 1999)
Georges Declerq, Les origines de l’ère Chrétienne (Turnhout, 200)
Richard Landes, “The Fear of an Apocalyptic Year 1000: Augustinian Historiography, Medieval and Modern,” Speculum 75 (2000): 97-145; and the essays in The Apocalyptic Year 1000: Religious Expectation and Social Change, 950-1050, eds. Richard Landes, Andrew Gow, David C. van Meter (Oxford, 2003)
Daniel P. Mc Carthy, “The Emergence of Anno Domini,” in Time and Eternity: The Medieval Discourse, eds. Gerhard Jaritz and Gerson Moreno-Riaño (Turnhout, 2003), 31-53.
Alden A. Mosshammer, The Easter Computus and the origins of the Christian Era (Oxford, 2008)
C. Philip E. Nothaft, Dating the Passion. The life of Jesus and the emergence of scientific chronology (200-1600) Time Astronomy and Calendars 1 (Leiden/Boston, 2011)
James T. Palmer, The Apocalypse in the Early Middle Ages (Cambridge 2014)
Sepp Rothanwgl, “The Scythian Dionysius Exiguus and his invention of Anno Domini” (2016), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308654229_The_Scythian_Dionysius_Exiguus_and_His_Invention_of_Anno_Domini
Immo Warntjes, “The argumenta of Dionysius Exiguus and their early recensions”, in Computus and its cultural context in the Latin West, AD 300–1200. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on the Science of Computus in Ireland and Europe (eds) Immo Warntjes & Dáibhí Ó Cróinín (Turnhout 2010), 40–111
Immo Warntjes, “The final countdown and the reform of the liturgical calendar in the early Middle Ages”, in Apocalypse and reform from Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages (eds.) Matthew Gabriel & James T. Palmer (Abingdon 2018), 51-75.
The AskHistorians podcast episode 6, March 18th 2014
Wikipedia, s. v. Astrological Age https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrological_age

There's a lot going on this weekend and even better the weather forecast looks great with 60s and 70s and only a little rain on Saturday morning.
Here's 35 local events you can enjoy at Virginia Tech, in Blacksburg and throughout the New River Valley:
1. Pink Moon Peach Milkshake IPA Release Moon Hollow Brewing, Blacksburg Friday, March 24, 2023, 3:00 - 10:00 PM Admission is free. Beer and food are regular price. Moon Hollow Brewing presents the Pink Moon Peach Milkshake IPA Release in support of the local Pink Boots Society. This year’s blend contains Loral, Eukanot and HBC 586. A heaping dose of lactose, peach purée and vanilla bean also help create a rich and delicious brew. $1.00 from each pint is donated the Pink Boots Society Blue Ridge Virginia Chapter. This helps the chapter continue to put on educational, community enriching events. The Pink Boots Society aims to assist, inspire and encourage women and non-binary individuals in the fermented/alcoholic beverage industry to advance their careers through education. Food will be available for purchase from Countryman Jamaican Grill. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685855
2. Root Down in Concert Rising Silo Farm Brewery, Blacksburg Friday, March 24, 2023, 6:00 - 9:00 PM Admission: Free Root Down is a jazz trio based in the New River Valley. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=684803
3. College Softball: Chattanooga vs. Virginia Tech Tech Softball Park, Virginia Tech Friday, March 24, 2023, 6:00 - 8:00 PM, Saturday, March 25, 2023, 12:00 PM and 2:00 PM (Doubleheader) Admission: Free Watch the Virginia Tech Softball team compete against non-conference opponent the University of Tennessee Chattanooga in a three game series. No tickets are required for Hokie Softball games. Parking is available behind the outfield at Tech Softball Park and enter along the right field side of the stadium. Stands open one hour prior to the start of the game. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685859
4. Music Theatre: "Book of Mountains and Seas" Moss Arts Center at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg Friday, March 24, 2023, 7:30 - 9:00 PM Adult Tickets (based on seat location): $25.00 - $55.00 Virginia Tech Students with ID and Youth 18 & Under: $10.00 A daring new music theatre work by composer Huang Ruo and puppeteer, designer, and director Basil Twist, "Book of Mountains and Seas" is a modern take on ancient Chinese creation myths that are relevant to our current climate change struggle, featuring the chorus of Ars Nova Copenhagen alongside massive puppets and striking lanterns. The work is sung in Mandarin with English supertitles. Book of Mountains and Seas is inspired by the ancient Chinese compilation of early myths of the same title, which was first transcribed in 4th-century B.C. Book of Mountains and Seas is a 21st-century adaptation and expansion of four of these tales. The work contains timeless codes about the universe, creation, planet, nature, life, human ambition and fate, the relationship and interaction between mankind and the planet. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=678174
5. Will Easter & The Nomads in Concert Dogtown Roadhouse, Floyd Friday, March 24, 2023, 8:00 - 11:00 PM Admission: $8.00 Will Easter has one of those voices that is like a home-cooked meal for the soul. Will has the cool throwback rock edge of Tom Petty with the modern folk-Americana appeal of the Avett Brothers, but with something hard to put your finger on that could only be born out of the shadows and peaks of the North Carolina mountains. One iteration through a chorus and you’ll find yourself humming along, by the second time around you’ll be singing out loud, ready to hit the repeat button. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=684795
6. Juxtaposition A Cappella Spring 2023 Concert: Time For A Hoedown Haymarket Theater (Squires Student Center), Virginia Tech Friday, March 24, 2023, 8:00 - 9:30 PM Virginia Tech Students: At the Door: $7.00 Non-Students: $10.00 Juxtaposition A Cappella presents their Spring 2023 Concert titled "Time For A Hoedown". Juxtaposition will be performing seven new songs including their entire ICCA set. Juxtaposition is an all-male Virginia Tech A Capella group that was established in 1994 and has since produced seven albums and been awarded numerous awards and honors. They enjoy performing their wide repertoire of 70's, 80's, 90's and current hits. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685879
7. 2023 Ramp N Roads Eastern Elementary/Middle School, Pembroke Saturday, March 25, 2023, 8:30 AM - 12:30 PM Admission: Free Renew the New presents the 2023 Ramp N Roads where volunteers will be cleaning up litter from highways and byways, boat ramps, and river & stream access points. Be prepared to pick up litter off road in ditches and over the banks. Each volunteer will be assigned a team who will be led by captain when they arrive at Eastern Elementary/Middle School. These captains will lead the on-site clean up and will provide any needed safety instructions. There will be no buses running this year. Each volunteer will take their own car or carpool and convoy to one of the planned cleanup areas. There you will be given gloves and bags to use. Each volunteer is asked to return to Eastern Elementary at noon where they will receive pizza for a to-go lunch and a t-shirt. Volunteers need to sign up in advance. This is a rain or shine event however pick up along roadways will be suspended during active rain if it happens. ReNew The New is a volunteer organization committed to stewardship of the of the New River flowing through Southwest Virginia. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685871
8. Yoga On Tap with Blacksburg Yoga Collective Rising Silo Farm Brewery, Blacksburg Saturday, March 25, 2023, 9:30 - 10:45 AM Suggested donation of $15.00-$20.00. The Blacksburg Yoga Collective presents Yoga On Tap with an energizing and uplifting flow. Flow with Blacksburg Yoga Collective in the beautiful settings of the Rising Silo Saturdays. These Kundalini-inspired, donation-based Yoga and meditation sessions focus on therapeutic movements and various breathing techniques aimed toward collective wellness. Meditate, chant, and move together to ease stress, manifest positivity, and improve our awareness and focus. Admission includes the class and a post-yoga non-alcoholic beverage from the brewery. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685840
9. 2023 Warm Hearth Village Arts & Crafts Fair Warm Hearth Village Center, Blacksburg Saturday, March 25, 2023, 10:00 AM - 5:00 PM Admission: Free If you love unique, beautiful, locally handcrafted gifts and art, then attend the 2nd Annual Warm Hearth Village Arts & Crafts Fair. The show will feature high-quality artisanal goods from both artists on our campus and throughout the New River Valley. Handmade items for sale will include pottery, woodworking, home goods, accessories, soaps, candles & more. The Huckleberry Cafe will be open for grab-n-go refreshments. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=683666
10. Free Wine Tasting Vintage Cellar, Blacksburg Saturday, March 25, 2023, 11:00 AM - 4:00 PM Admission: Free Vintage Cellar presents Free Wine Tasting every Saturday from 11:00 AM to 4:00 PM. Join them for a decadent wine tasting at our free wine tasting. They will teach you all about the regions and grapes from the wines as you taste. After the tasing, grab a bottle or glass and enjoy it with some food from their kitchen. Must be 21 or older to participate. IDs required. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685724
11. Open Virginia Tech Football Practice Lane Stadium, Blacksburg Saturday, March 25, 2023, 11:45 AM - 1:00 PM Admission: Free Fans are invited to attend the open practice to get an early look at how the Hokie's 2023 football squad is shaping up. Gate 6 will open up at 11:45 AM for fans to enter. Note: It is prohibited for fans to take photos and videos when the Hokies are on the field. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685711
12. 2023 Beliveau Bridal Expo Beliveau Farm Winery, Blacksburg Saturday, March 25, 2023, 12:00 - 4:00 PM Admission: Free Bring your friends and family and visit with the area's leading wedding professionals on display to plan your perfect wedding in an elegant venue. Wedding vendors such as florists, musicians, photographers, bakeries and more will set up in our Great Hall to talk to you about their services. This is a great opportunity to meet many of the vendors in one afternoon. Food and wine will be available to purchase throughout the entire event. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=684117
13. Women's Lacrosse: Boston College vs. Virginia Tech Thompson Field, Virginia Tech Saturday, March 25, 2023, 12:00 - 2:00 PM Admission: Free Watch the Virginia Tech Women's Lacrosse compete against ACC conference opponent and #7 ranked Boston College. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=684297
14. Program: Vegetable Gardening Meadowbrook Public Library, Shawsville Saturday, March 25, 2023, 1:00 - 2:00 PM Admission: Free Want to grow your own vegetables, but aren’t sure where to start? Join Dr. Emma Patterson, VCE Volunteer Master Gardener, to find out more about planning a vegetable garden, caring for it, and keeping it going through year’s end. Free seeds and soil testing kits will be provided. For ages 12 and up. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685348
15. 2023 Oyster Dinner Drive-Thru Riner Volunteer Fire Department, Riner Saturday, March 25, 2023, 2:00 - 6:00 PM Admission: $15.00 The Riner Volunteer Fire Department presents their Annual Oyster Dinner Drive-Thru featuring fried oysters, baked beans, slaw and dessert. Tickets can be purchased in advanced at Eagle Express, Riner Food Center and Village Barber Shop. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685387
16. Delta Chi's Into the Wild Benefit Concert featuring Audio Fever and The Red Ferns The Milk Parlor, Blacksburg Saturday, March 25, 2023, 2:00 - 5:00 PM Ages 21 & Over: $9.00, Ages 20 & Under: $12.00 The Delta Chi Fraternity at Virginia Tech presents their Into the Wild Benefit Concert featuring music from Audio Fever and The Red Ferns. Proceeds from ticket sales will go towards the V Foundation for Cancer Research. The Red Ferns is a groovy guitar band based in Blacksburg and Audio Fever is a Blacksburg based band as well. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685882
17. March Flashlight Tour St. Albans, Radford Saturday, March 25, 2023, 5:30 - 7:30 PM Admission: $15.00 Join St. Abans for their March 2023 Flashlight Tour which includes a little history and paranormal in one. This is a guided tour. Take a walk through the dark halls of St. Albans Sanatorium and join them for a flashlight tour of the building. Hear all the chilling tales of what paranormal investigators, and the public, have encountered within these 120 year old walls. A little bit of history, a little bit of paranormal. Tickets are available online in advance and will be sold at the door provided tickets are still available. Comfortable shoes and a flashlight are recommended as there will be lots of walking and many dark areas. Dress accordingly as the building is not climate controlled. You must be 18 years of age (16 if accompanied by a parent or legal guardian). Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685883
18. March's Beans and Banjos (Final Event) Meadowbrook Public Library, Shawsville Saturday, March 25, 2023, 6:00 - 8:00 PM Admission: $5.00 requested donation The Shawsville Ruritans and The LINC Letter presents March's Beans and Banjos and the final event of this series. Nothing lasts forever, not even Beans and Banjos. March's Beans and Banjos will be the last. Instead of having a couple of bands the organizers are inviting everyone who's ever played or sung at Beans and Banjos to come out and jam to play Beans and Banjos out in style. Beans and Banjos has been going for at least 14 years. Enjoy a dinner of beans, cornbread and desserts. Organizers ask for a donation of at least $5.00 to help keep the LINC Letter publishing. The LINC Letter is the non-profit community newsletter for Eastern Montgomery and is distributed to residents of Alleghany, Elliston, Ironto, Lafayette and Shawsville, Virginia. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685325
19. Amelia Empson in Concert Rising Silo Farm Brewery, Blacksburg Saturday, March 25, 2023, 6:00 - 9:00 PM Admission: Free Amelia Empson plays a variety of Indie-Folk and Americana covers and originals from the Appalachian Mountains with talent far beyond her years. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=684804
20. Salsa Night 2023 Beliveau Farm Winery, Blacksburg Saturday, March 25, 2023, 7:00 - 11:00 PM Advance Tickets: $12.00, At the Door: $15.00 Join Beliveau Farm Winery for a dancing experience with your loved one, group of friends, or come single; you are bound to have a good time no matter what. Lessons begin at 7:00 PM and the event lasts until 11:00 PM. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685126
21. 2023 March of Ales Mardi Gras Celebration German Club Manor, Virginia Tech Saturday, March 25, 2023, 7:00 PM - 12:00 AM Admission: $50.00 The Blacksburg Junior Women's Club (BJWC) presents the 2023 March of Ales Mardi Gras Celebration featuring unique beers for tasting, along with wine and a signature cocktail. Coffee, water, lemonade, hors d’oeuvres and desserts will also be available. Guests will enjoy entertainment by a DJ, dancing, and a live and silent auction. The auctions feature an extraordinary variety of items donated by local businesses and individuals. At the end of the evening, discounted Uber service will be available to guests. Tickets will be available for purchase at the door if the event is not sold out in advance. All money raised at March of Ales is used to fund service projects and donations throughout the year. The funds have benefitted groups and causes such as Special Olympics, Salvation Army, Ronald McDonald House, Montgomery County Christmas Store and many others. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685695
22. WUVT's Jazz Night with Copy Cat Syndrome and Yung LZRD Odd Fellows Building Lodge #20 (Wilson Avenue), Blacksburg Saturday, March 25, 2023, 7:00 - 10:00 PM Admission: $6.00 Join WUVT for a night filled with the sweetest jazz melodies provided by Copy Cat Syndrome and Yung LZRD. Copy Cat Syndrome is a fusion trio performing jazz based in Blacksburg, VA. LZRD is a jazz band from Blacksburg, VA. Entrance to this event is ticket only (sold online) with a maximum of 50 being sold. Doors open at 6:00 PM and the music starts at 7:00 PM. WUVT-FM 90.7 Blacksburg is the New River Valley's only source for independent, alternative programming. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685887
23. TechNotes Spring 2023 Concert: TechNotes Lightnin’: Feeling the 50s Haymarket Theater (Squires Student Center), Virginia Tech Saturday, March 25, 2023, 7:00 - 8:30 PM Advance Tickets: $5.00, At the Door: $7.00 TechNotes presents their Spring 2023 Concert titled "TechNotes Lightnin’: Feeling the 50s". Enjoy a night full of new songs and old TechNotes favorites and chances to win epic raffle prizes. TechNotes is a co-ed A Cappella group at Virginia Tech that performs at various events throughout the year. TechNotes was founded in 2010. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685878
24. Caroline Owens & Company in Concert Floyd Country Store, Floyd Saturday, March 25, 2023, 7:00 - 10:00 PM General Admission: $15.00, Reserved Seating: $20.00 Caroline Owens is a 2X IBMA nominated Bluegrass and Gospel artist. She has performed alongside many of her heroes such as Alison Krauss, Suzanne Cox, The Isaacs, Larry Gatlin, Darin & Brooke Aldridge, Lorraine Jordan and many others. And, has made quite a name for herself in the North Carolina bluegrass community. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685713
25. Hoppie Vaughan & The Ministers of Soul in Concert The Floyd Center for the Arts, Floyd Saturday, March 25, 2023, 7:30 - 9:30 PM General Public: $15.00, Students: $10.00 Don't miss your chance to see the long awaited return of Hoppie Vaughan & The Ministers of Soul. It will be a fun, funky night of soul. The diversely talented Hoppie Vaughan is all about the soul! He is a blue eyed soul singer, song writer, guitar and bass player. Besides performing solo, he is the front man for Hoppie Vaughan and the Ministers of Soul based out of Roanoke, VA performing classic soul, R&B, blues and funk. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685712
26. Three Band Concert with Kenny Vaughan, Sullivan Smith & Stray Lions and Friend of the Three Southpaw Cafe & Community Space, Blacksburg Saturday, March 25, 2023, 7:30 - 10:00 PM Admission: $5.00 Southpaw Cafe & Community Space presents a Three Band Concert with Kenny Vaughan, Sullivan Smith & Stray Lions and Friend of the Three. Friend of the Three is a band based in Virginia that performs adult alternative, pop and rock. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685881
27. Stand-Up Comedy Show Lost In Taste, Christiansburg Saturday, March 25, 2023, 10:00 PM - TBD Admission: $7.00 The Cosmic Comedy Club returns with performances by comedians Sage Delong, Derek Budd, Julia Goyer, Tony Rodriguez, Jermaine Callando and hosted by Andrew Gustafson. Recommended for ages 18 & up. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685853
28. 2023 Hot Diggity Dog Day (Fun for Your Dog) Beliveau Farm Winery, Blacksburg Sunday, March 26, 2023, 12:00 - 6:00 PM Admission: Free Bring your pup and come have a day at Beliveau Farm Winery annual canine event. There's 165 acres of dog fun for your furrr-ever friend to explore and relax. Fresh air, dog parade, lots of outdoor space. Beliveau will have food and drinks for purchase throughout the day. With every hot-dog sold, they are donating 20% of our proceeds to the Montgomery County Humane Society. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685322
29. Community Quilting Bee: Rotary Cutting Fabric Blacksburg Library, Blacksburg Sunday, March 26, 2023, 1:00 - 3:00 PM Admission: Free Blacksburg Library presents their monthly Community Quilting Bee with the the topic "Rotary Cutting Fabric". This month atteneeds will learn how to use a rotary cutter and ruler to make accurate fabric pieces. Everyone is welcome including beginners. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685349
30. Book Club: The Winemaker Blacksburg Wine Lab, Blacksburg Sunday, March 26, 2023, 1:00 - 3:00 PM Admission: $40.00 Join the Blacksburg Wine Lab for the Wine Lab Book Club tasting & discussing featuring "The Winemaker" by Noah Gordon. About The Winemaker: Josep Alvarez is a young man in the tiny grape-growing village of Santa Eulália, in northern Spain, where his father grows black grapes that are turned into cheap vinegar. Joseph loves the agricultural life, but he is the second son, and his father’s vineyard will be inherited by his brother Donat, the firstborn. He yearns for a job growing grapes and for an opportunity to marry Teresa Gallego. In Madrid, an assassination plot, conceived against the political leader of Spain by men of wealth and power, creates a storm of intrigue that sucks into its vortex a group of innocent young farm workers in Santa Eulália. How Josep’s life is changed drastically by these events, and how, ironically, they gradually turn him into an inspired vintner with an evolving vision of life, is the fascinating story of "The Winemaker". During the Book Club, enjoy four fantastic Spanish wines to taste. Chef Bryan will create a pairing board of house–made Spanish tapas, cheese and charcuterie to accompany the tasting. Reservations required. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685385
31. Willard Gayheart and Ricky Cox performing "Old Favorite Songs of the Blue Ridge" Floyd United Methodist Church, Floyd Sunday, March 26, 2023, 2:30 - 3:30 PM Admission: Free The Floyd County Historical Society presents an encore performance of Willard Gayheart and Ricky Cox performing "Old Favorite Songs of the Blue Ridge. Ricky Cox’s friendship with Willard Gayheart also goes back 35 years. This shows in the programs they present together, harmonizing and appreciating one another’s contributions as they delight their audiences. Willard is a pencil artist from Southwest Virginia. He is originally from Eastern Kentucky, working mostly from the theme "Nostalgic Glimpses of the Appalachians". His works are positive images of Appalachian Culture, presenting the region as a place alive with interesting personalities. Besides his artistic talent with the pencil, Willard is also an accomplished bluegrass musician having played as a member of the bluegrass band The Highlanders. Ricky Cox has been entertaining and educating many of us for decades. Throughout his teaching career at Radford University he shared the history and culture of our region through his music and writing, earning a number of special recognitions along the way. Ricky contributed his photographic talents to the second of two books featuring Willard Gayheart’s drawings. Note: The event was originally scheduled for Sunday, March 12th, but had to be postponed due to inclement weather. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685328
32. Blacksburg Community Band Spring Concert Blacksburg High School Auditorium, Blacksburg Sunday, March 26, 2023, 3:00 - 4:00 PM Admission: Free The Blacksburg Community Band presents their Spring Concert conducted by David McKee and Associate Conductor, Dean Chiapetto. Christiansburg High School's band director, David Miller, will be guest conducting. Jefferson Ritchie will solo on trombone. The Blacksburg Community Band, Inc. is an all-volunteer community organization formed in 1989 under the auspices of the Department of Parks and Recreation in the Town of Blacksburg. The ensemble is open to individuals of all ages and ability levels from the New River Valley and surrounding areas. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685314
33. Helping Hands Fundraiser with Spaghetti Dinner and Live Music Belview United Methodist Church, Radford Sunday, March 26, 2023, 4:30 - 7:30 PM Donations Appreciated Join Belview United Methodist Church for some fun and great fellowship all while helping support a wonderful mission. Help them fund their Helping Hands Pantry by enjoying a spaghetti dinner starting at 4:30 PM, silent auction, raffle and live music from Eddie & Sherry Richards and Spoken For beginning at 6 PM. Belview's Helping Hands Pantry supplies clothes, personal care items, cleaning items and household items to those in need in Montgomery County, Radford, Dublin, Giles County and Pulaski and other surrounding areas. The Silent Auction starts at 1:30 PM and ends at 7:30 PM with over 40 items to bid on. There are over $2,000 in prizes for the raffle. Raffle tickets are $5.00 each, $10.00 for three or $20.00 for seven. Donate a pack of diapers, pull-ups or Depends and get three free raffle tickets on the day of the event. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685880
34. Indian Run Stringband in Concert Palisades Restaurant, Eggleston Sunday, March 26, 2023, 5:00 - 7:30 PM Admission: Free The Indian Run Stringband from Blacksburg, VA plays fiddle and banjo foot stomping dance tunes and sings traditional songs with old time harmonies perfect for dancing the two step. From dance tunes to the blues, the Indian Run Stringband plays with love and abandon. They make old-time music fresh and new. Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685310
35. Virginia Tech Percussion Ensemble in Concert with Guest Artist Michael Burritt Moss Arts Center at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg Sunday, March 26, 2023, 6:00 - 7:30 PM General Public: $15.00, Seniors: $12.00, Students & Youth: $10.00 The Virginia Tech Percussion Ensemble, under the direction of Annie Stevens, performs a concert with guest artist Michael Burritt who is one of his generation’s leading percussionists. He is in frequent demand, performing concert tours and master classes throughout the United States, Europe, Asia, Australia and Canada. He has been soloist with the United States Air Force Band, Dallas Wind Symphony, Omaha Symphony, Chautauqua Symphony Orchestra, Richmond Symphony Orchestra, Ju Percussion Group (Taiwan), Percussion Art Quartet (Germany) and the Amores Percussion Group (Spain). Link: http://www.nextthreedays.com/FeaturedEventDetails.cfm?E=685872
Have a great weekend and thanks for reading!