This is not a political position, but a thermodynamic one. The world is heading from a time of excess to a time of scarcity. With more people enjoying fewer comforts, humanity is faced with the direction it takes for the rest of our species' future on this planet and others: we can't fight each other for what's left or we can share with each other what we need.
This isn't - or has never before been - a serious question because this world has never felt universal hardship before. In the past, when any major scarcity was faced (with the exception of 536) there was always a neighboring ally to buffer the loss or an enemy to subjugate; until now, there has always been more. Climate change is a global pressure on a globalized economy. There are no external economies that are thriving to prop up the luxuries we've come to feel entitled to. When that luxury can no longer be provided, people are trained to blame each other and ask for the boss to complain about our level of service.
This is the attitude fueling the shift to the right "all this liberal 'science' bullshit has turned my country into a place i dont recognize. Time to get my country in order!", but like how the long term side effects of COVID will be blamed on the vaccine rather than the virus, humans are apparently hardwired to look for a person or institution that's responsible for their problems, because they live in a world that's manifestly run by humanity. Politicians don't help with this because they promise change that a large bureaucracy isn't capable of... every time they step in front of a mic. Politicians feed the sense that the world is divided into teams and the team that's running things is doing harm. They are the anti-vax evangelists of a world simply running out of good time as a result of spending all the good time since the end of WWII.
Humanity cannot fly. That shouldn't be arguable. It's a fundamental limit of our physiology that cannot be overcome without shedding everything about us that makes us human; brains are heavy. When we get on a plane, we are not 'flying', we are taking a bus full of people, strapping a rocket engine to it, and firing it in a ballistic trajectory toward our destination. For all the celebration of progress in the tech age, we still can't figure out how to move something forward without throwing something out the back. That's not just why planes are absurd but why they cannot continue to be considered a good invention. Think of how much fuel would need to be burned to rocket yourself across a lawn, let alone through the sky; it's an insane amount of fuel and an absurd justification for burning it, especially virtually all domestic travel can be accomplished by rail or bus... which also use the same principle of throwing out enough exhaust gasses out the back to displace the weight of the thing that's burning the fuel. When this thing is on the ground, it burns much less fuel than pushing it through the sky.
Humanity assumes novelty is benign. Im not sure if this is one of the hidden rules about capitalism that we all follow as a culture "have you seen the new x!? It's amazing and works way better than x-1!", or if we're evolutionarily programmed to assume new is good and the direction we should be heading in. In either case, it has allowed us to adopt planetary destruction as a necessary aspect of each of our lives. It isn't anything we do consciously, it is the background of our lives that feeds big industry and steals time from the future. It's our commute, our food, our total acceptance that running a furnace is fine despite getting all worked up about oil spills and fires when we see them uncontained. The maze we all run was designed to have as much distance as possible between you and the cheese at the end so you would spend half or more of your cheese burning calories to get from the start to the finish and repeat all over. It is why people feel the problem is too big for them: there is nothing one person can change in the part of the life they control that will redirect the planetary system away from collapse because it is the pattern of our lives that is the destructive part.
Since our shared pattern is so destructive, it is self limiting. We are feeling the effects of that now with COVID (forests being pushed toward ecological breakdown leads animals to look for new territory and new food, leading to conflict with species already there and malnutrition from food with an incomplete nutrient balance), extreme weather doing damage to vital infrastructure and shipping losses.
Which brings us back to Ukraine. The world needs a beacon. A Western country with the courage to model a sustainable lifestyle through active change. I assumed that would have been Canada but I was wrong. Instead, with Ukraine being forced to rebuild in a time where supplies have never been more expensive, and in a state where its people have gotten used to living without luxury, it can either be an incubator for redesigning human life to restore the environment rather than destroy it.
There is no stronger people to take on such a challenge and the world that has been paying for weapons to defend. If we can send explosives to break, we must send hands, tools, and materials to rebuild. If we rebuild the same way, the world will fall into war since the causal push of all existing conflict is space and resources or their control, and we will continue to pretend that individual human choices are to blame for war. We will continue to refuse to look deeper and will soon find ourselves in a position where taking up arms seems like the only solution left to us. If, on the other hand, the rest of us find the courage to look one step deeper and ask "why is the world falling to war? What is driving conflict?", we will see it is the same thing driving our thirst for more luxury and, hopefully, realize that the only survivable path to the future is one where we change our behavior to relieve the force that's pushing us in that direction.
When more is never enough, less is a horrifying concept. Without a model for how to happily live as a human in a self sufficient community, there will be no "green transition", there will only be more disease, more scarcity, and more conflict on the edge of that scarcity. The more each of us takes, the more we contribute to conflict around the world.
There is no way to make a car "green", just like there is no way to make a compostable battery. The problem isnt the means of conveyance, it is the distance we need to cover to survive. Whether or not we change our habits to adapt to this reality is inconsequential to its eventuality, it just seems absurd to ignore the reality of hardship until you're being strangled by it simply to "enjoy the time you have left".
If the war in Ukraine ends and the world moves in to turn it into the first net zero country, there is hope for a future for our species. If we act like everything was fine until a mad man decided to invade a sovereign country, war will spread like a fog descending on the world. Demands will be met by force as a result of people pushing for impossibly cheap access to resources. Slavery will return as the foundation of the global economy and, in all this horror, we will be hastening and worsening our own conditions.
Like a train whose tracks go over the grand canyon, humanity needs one last train stop to see what it looks like to live somewhere other than a train at constantly increasing speed. We need a model for a future that is too nebulous to explain: it must be seen and experienced, how much living can be done as humans on and with the land. If nothing else but to illustrate that a train going over a cliff was not a predetermined consequence of "human progress", and that a choice has been made to define that progress with the inventions of a few men, all of which run by stealing energy from the past and stability from the future. It would allow us to see the train from the outside and force us to question the value of a murder-suicide pact.
For the demonstration to be compelling, there can be no or very little carbon footprint for the country. Structures must be built from salvaged (cheap) material, focusing on isolated but functional communities.
We have already lost the battle to save most of what we recognize in our world but we don't need to continue to burn it all down. Since there is no more track for this paradigm, there is no consequence for trying something new and certain death and misery by doing the same. This message can be shared in every possible way, but without a demonstration of what it looks like on a cultural level, we will never have the discussion that leads to the choice to keep going or get off the death train.
We are not the creations or technology we obsess over, we are an ape descended species on a planet we're stuck with and have killed 80% of in 50 years. We cannot survive on a lifeless world because we are alive and life feeds on life to survive. I have a hard time getting people to relate to the rest of the living world as a branch of the same tree we belong to because of how separated we are from other life. The more life that's lost, the less we'll care about it being gone and the more committed we will be to our preoccupations to avoid having to face reality.
The cowardice ive encountered when it comes to facing reality has been incredibly disappointing and disturbing. We will pass laws in our country to prevent poaching and hunting in other countries where our emissions and lifestyle -guided by our laws- are pushing the same animals to total extinction. We will talk about this from a position of moral superiority, only, and will take no responsibility for the conditions our behavior has already created. There is no "border crisis", there are people being pushed out of their homes by new weather that has made those homes incompatible with survival. I've heard lots of Americans talking about moving north in response to climate shifts as if that is something completely different from what is happening on their southern border or in Europe. No one leaves their ancestral home to cause problems in another country, but if that country is responsible for the force that pushed them out, they should either stop pushing people out of their homes or open their borders. To refuse either is to accept that you live a life of evil and as the person that will one day deny you shelter to protect what they have.
These a new times with new stakes and new bad guys. The only good thing about being the bad guy is you can choose to stop, while your victims can only beg you to stop and, eventually, resist/insist on a different course. It is up to each and all of us how the future plays out. The party is over. No one gets to sit this out.

DISCLAIMER
I almost didn’t post this. Not because I think it’s too wild or doesn’t make any sense. In fact, quite the opposite. The information I present here, which is the result of countless hours spent re-watching videos, listening to audio, and cross-referencing official information, is something that now seems to me to be far too viable not to be correct. I have actually tried to prove this theory wrong and… well basically I can’t. So, please bear this in mind as you read. This could end up being one of those rare occasions when we’re actually onto something. Either way, I hope you enjoy the post.
First point; this is going to be a long post. Given the subject matter, it needs to be. Second point; I have not added any images or videos directly into the post but have instead included a great many links embedded within the text itself. This should ensure that the post is no longer than it needs to be but should still allow you sufficient opportunity to fully scrutinize every part of my theory, so that you can determine for yourself whether or not you think it holds weight.
I have organised all of the information under specific headings designed to make everything more accessible. Each section focuses on a particular aspect of the main theory. Even if you think that some of what you are reading may not be relevant, I can assure you that everything written here has been included as an important part of a much larger puzzle, and so I would advise that you patiently make your way through the entirety of the post. In an effort to ensure that your time invested here is appropriately rewarded, and in the spirit of preserving the scientific method, I have tried to keep flavor text and blind speculation down to an absolute minimum.
Note that I will be listing various aspects of this post as being confirmed correct or incorrect as and when we have official information to verify such facts. So here we are, after five long years of waiting, the inevitable release of Starfield, like the event horizon of some nearby black hole, is almost upon us. With the Showcase now a mere 24 hours away, it is time for us to take a look at what makes this particular game so special, as well as discovering just how we will be given the means to fly among the stars.
And so, without further ado, let us begin.
Hitchhiker's Guide
From watching gameplay footage, and also listening to various devs talk about Starfield, we know that at some along the early part of the story, we will find ourselves on board a Constellation Starship, which is appropriately named Frontier. With us on the ship is VASCO, an adorable robot assistant who will eventually become one of our possible companions. But how did we even end up on this ship? Well firstly, I do not believe that Frontier is our ship, or at least not at first. And so, we’re probably here in the capacity of a ‘guest’ of some kind, or more likely, a hitchhiker.
If we take a look at this scene, we first hear a male shouting “that’s the Crimson Fleet!” and then a female saying “Everybody get ready!” After this, we can see that the group we are with is attacked. We already know that we uncover some kind of unknown artifact whilst mining for ore near the beginning of the Main Quest, and that the aforementioned Crimson Fleet is essentially an organised collective of space pirates. But what we don’t know is why they attacked us. This is not something I will be diving into in this particular post, although I do have some theories about this. But the relevance of the series of events here described cannot be understated, as they seem to be the launching point for our entry into Constellation and the adventures that follow.
Next, if we look a little further, we can see that this seemingly-important member of Constellation is not with us when we arrive at their Headquarters on Jemison, which suggests that he may have been killed during the above mentioned attack. Also note that, in-spite of not having a voiced protagonist this time round, we can clearly hear somebody talking over Frontier’s comms system, which means that there must be a designated pilot. Given the fact that we don’t see anyone who is confirmed as being the pilot (although it may actually be this person), it is safe to assume that this designated individual was with us during the flight but was first injured in the attack on the planet’s surface and was then taken to Medical Bay after we successfully land on Jemison.
It is my belief that, after perhaps being exposed to some kind of energy pulse from a grenade or something similar, the first member of Constellation we see was outright killed (hence why we are then asked to join up ourselves, perhaps to take over his role). The pilot, however, clearly survived as we can hear him talking to Control over the comms system during what is actually an extended two-way conversation, but I think that his vision was somehow compromised so that, even though he is able to speak, he is temporarily unable to see. The good news about this most unfortunate situation is that it opens the door for us to quickly step into the hot seat and, with the pilot acting as our guide, we will experience our very first Starfield flight tutorial.
Radio Chatter
If you listen to the beginning of both the Official Teaser Trailer and Official Gameplay Reveal for Starfield, you will hear both halves of the radio conversation I have referenced above, or at least the parts of it that Bethesda have given us so far. The first of these is spoken by somebody being referred to as Control, and the second by Frontier’s pilot. I previously posted a link to an audio I made and put up on Soundcloud, which gives us all of the confirmed parts of this conversation carefully spliced together and enhanced for clarity. Note that some of the audio, despite these enhancements, is a little hard to make out.
The final, in-game conversation is going to be a fair bit longer than what we have here and will be based on the specific processes that are required before attempting a Grav Jump. I don’t think we will hear this conversation every time we perform a Jump (especially given that our protagonist does not speak), but the first time we experience this early step-out moment, a detailed and appropriate pre-launch conversation will only serve to enhance what I’m sure will be an awe-inspiring experience.
Note that, at the end of this post, I have provided a link to a written transcript detailing what I think is being said in the full version of the above conversation. In the meantime, here is a breakdown of the confirmed parts of this audio. This is slightly different from the version I previously posted, due to new evidence clarifying exactly what is being said here. I have left line-spaces to help show where the missing parts of the audio will eventually go:
PILOT: "Control this is Constellation Starship Frontier."
CONTROL: "Constellation Starship Frontier, we have you on scanners."
PILOT: "We're ready to start on your signal."
CONTROL: "Performing Road Systems check. Helium-3 tanks, check. Seals are intact."
PILOT: "Maintaining Exit Vector course, Steady 'till Ready."
CONTROL: "We are still go."
PILOT: "Coordinates input, plotting Jump course."
CONTROL: "We read you Constellation."
PILOT: "Sky-Bus is converged, we're looking good."
CONTROL: "Jemison route looks good."
PILOT: "Allocating Auxiliary Reactor Power."
CONTROL: "Prepare for departure. Graviton Loop Array Spool, check."
PILOT: "System checks are green across the board."
CONTROL: "Your space Lane is clear."
PILOT: "Grav Jump commencing in 5, 4, 3, 2, 1."
Road-Trip
At first, this seems like a typical, albeit futuristic version of an Air Traffic Control conversation. After all, much of what is being said does sound very familiar, and the rest seems appropriate to Starfield’s apparent Hard Science Fiction theme. But it’s only when you start digging a little deeper that you realize that something else is going on here as well.
Note the following terms taken from the above transcript: Road, Exit, Course, Coordinates, Bus, Route, Departure and Lane. All these words share a very noticeable common theme. They are all in some way related to Road Networks. Note also the phrase “green across the board," which sounds like it could also be a reference to Traffic Lights.
Zooming Along
Next, let’s look at this map, which features the home of a certain Software Development Company you may have heard of. If you zoom out a fair bit, you will see two large Cities, namely Washington and Baltimore. Zoom out a little more, and you can now see the cities of Richmond to the South and Pittsburgh to the North-West. Zoom back in over any of these four major cities, and you will see that there are many more smaller locations within each of the city limits.
Now scroll the map over to any of the areas outside of these cities, and you will find a multitude of other important locations. These include residential areas, airports, medical facilities, sports and leisure facilities, research facilities, manufacturing facilities, tech companies, supermarkets), hotels, places of worship, and many others. All the above locations are important in one way of another to the continued functioning of our society, and all can be placed within two distinct categories. These are Population Centers and Infrastructure.
You’re Gonna Need a Bigger Boat
Now imagine that there has been some kind of catastrophic flood in this area, and all these locations, although somehow miraculously intact, are now separated from each other as a series of individual islands in the middle of a newly formed ‘ocean’. Suddenly, the existing Road Network, along with any cars, busses, and other road vehicles, would become useless. You would need to use a completely different system, one designed to properly accommodate these changes, which would of course have to incorporate such elements as harbors, shipping routes, and vehicles capable of travelling along a waterway.
Now let’s zoom out again, this time further. Much, much, further. Each location has now been transformed into either a planet or a moon, spread across various star systems covering a vast region of space. Each one of these planets and moons will have its own individual features, resources, possible inhabitants, and infrastructure requirements. With such a quantum leap in terms of scale, if we now wanted to travel between these locations, which could in many cases end up being several light years apart, we are going to need something far bigger in terms of scale, complexity, and technology.
Shown In 60 Seconds
During the first ever 60 seconds of Starfield footage we all saw, shown in the form of the Official Announcement Teaser at the end of BE3 on June 11th 2018 (which redditor InToddWeTrust2023 has very nicely referenced here), we were given some surprisingly important clues which now form the cornerstone of this theory. Not only have these clues stacked up with every consecutive trailer released, as well as many of the other official videos and various other snippets of information, but their sheer level of consistency places them well outside the realm of possible coincidence.
Some of these additional clues were given to us in the two videos referenced above which contain the comms audio. The second of these two videos, namely the Official Gameplay Reveal, dropped, as would be expected, at the end of last year’s Showcase on June 12th 2022. Some of the most crucial information we have been given to date regarding my theory is actually contained in the 70 seconds shown before Todd even begins to speak. We will discuss the relevance of all of this a little further on in the post.
Lo-go/no go
First, some Space related terminology. In Mission Control speak, a Launch Status Check, also known as a go/no go poll, is part of a very carefully designed system implemented by US Space Agencies to ensure maximum safety and the best possible survival chance of both the ship and its crew prior to launch. This, or something similar, will undoubtedly form an integral part of the pre-launch, or rather, pre-Jump procedures incorporated into Starfield, especially given what we know in relation to its specific influences, attention to detail, and focus on realism.
But let's look for a moment at a different type of launch. Let's look at the process of carefully managing the flow of information when you are launching a long-awaited, multi-million-dollar triple-A video game and you happen to be a major player. With the combined might of Bethesda, Zenimax, and now Microsoft, there is clearly a great deal of scope in terms of how they were able to execute all of the steps involved in this process. One critically important factor, and one that has been masterfully implemented in the promotion of Starfield, is the use of familiar iconography.
If we look at the iconography seen during the promotion of Starfield, we can see that there are two main elements. These are the circular Starfield logo, first unveiled in 2018, and of course the recently updated Bethesda Games Studios logo, which has existed in various iterations since around 2006. Both of these share a common, simplistic yet effective design, and the BGS logo in particular is now light years ahead of its original design as seen on box art and in promotional materials for The Elder Scrolls VI Oblivion. At the time of Oblivion’s release, the long-term use of this particular logo, which incorporates the now familiar Fallout Vault Door, was a little uncertain due to restrictions with the associated licence (more on this below). But once this matter had been resolved, it would make a lot of sense that they would then develop this logo into the much sharper, more modern version we see today.
Licenced to Fly
Way back in April of 2007, Bethesda realized one of their biggest long-term business goals by finally securing the full rights to the highly acclaimed Fallout series. Prior to this, in 2004, they had been granted limited rights which would allow them to develop Fallout 3 and then two additional games, but they clearly wanted full and unrestricted access to the franchise and all of its assets. Since this time, in addition to Fallout 3, we have seen the release of Fallout New Vegas, Fallout 4, and Fallout 76, as well as a number of smaller projects, including Fallout Shelter. This is all the proof you need to confirm the fact that, in-spite of some initial setbacks, Bethesda’s insistence on going the extra mile with regards to securing the full franchise, was most definitely worth it, and was seen by many as a landmark achievement.
Looking at the most recent entry to this ever-expanding series, namely Fallout 76, I would like to draw your attention to two of this particular game’s trailers. First, we have the Fallout 76 Official Trailer from 2018, and then The Pitt Story Trailer from 2022. In the first of these two trailers, at around the 35 second mark, we see the new BGS logo once again, and then near the end of the video we see a smaller version, neatly tucked away over on the left-hand side of the usual copyright notice. If we then look at the second trailer, at around… Hold on a second, let me rewind that a bit… wait, what?
This is where things start to get really interesting.
One Small Step
Okay, going back to the Fallout 76 trailers, although the smaller version of the BGS logo can be seen at or near the end of each of these, only the first incorporates the larger, ‘splash-screen’ version. “But why is this even important?” you may ask. “They may have simply forgotten to include this detail in the second trailer.” I can assure you that this is most certainly not the case. In fact, I am one-hundred-percent confident that this was quite intentional. I would even go as far as saying that this one, seemingly insignificant detail, actually brings us a step closer to unlocking the secrets of Starfield. Essentially, Bethesda have taken full advantage of how we all think we remember certain details, and as such, this is an example of truly expert-level hidden marketing on their part. I also believe it will form the basis of at least one of the big reveals during the showcase.
One Giant Leap
Let’s go back one more time to the Announcement Teaser and the Gameplay Reveal for Starfield. Look at how drastically different the BGS logo is in both of these videos compared to any of those used in promoting Fallout 76. What will really blow your mind here is the fact that all four of the trailers mentioned above were first shown to us during the same two Showcases we have just been discussing! In other words, the first of these videos for both Fallout 76 and Starfield were both unveiled at the 2018 Showcase, and the second of each at the 2022 Showcase. And yet each respective pair make use of drastically different versions of what we all thought was the exact same logo. This means that Starfield has been designed, from the ground up, to be viewed and experienced in a totally different way than, and completely separate from, any of Bethesda’s previous titles.
To clarify this point, after extensive research, I can confirm that this new, animated BGS logo, with the vault door rolling off to the left and then ‘opening up’ just before the text appears, has never been featured anywhere in an official capacity that is not directly related to Starfield. It is completely unique to this specific IP. This fact ties together everything we have looked at in the post so far. It also lets us see things from a completely different ‘orbital’ perspective. For example, I believe that this information gives us the real reason why Bethesda worked so hard to secure the full rights to the Fallout franchise in the way that they did. Not only did they wish to create awesome games set within the Fallout universe, but they also needed total freedom to make use of a specific part of this franchise that so that they could then incorporate it into their next, very very big, space related IP.
For Mankind
Okay. This is the part you’ve all been waiting so patiently for. This is the big reveal. For months now, perhaps even years, we have all been drip-fed the idea that Starfield is essentially “Skyrim in Space.” The reason I think that we have been told this is to misdirect us away from an intrinsic, interwoven connection between Starfield and Bethesda’s other major franchise, which is of course Fallout. But just to put your mind at rest, I do not for a nanosecond believe that the reveal will be, “We fooled you all, it’s actually Fallout in space!” no matter how cool that might at first sound.
What I do believe is that Starfield will be so different and so unique when viewed alongside anything else that Bethesda have published, that it will quite literally take your breath away. This game, the spark of which was first ignited 25 years ago, is Todd Howard’s true passion project. Everything else was simply the path he took to finally get here. This is the story he has always wanted to tell, the story of Mankind’s true legacy. And it all starts, just as it did when Interplay released the original Fallout) game back in 1997, with a familiar, but staggeringly different Vault Door.
The Vault
There is a very special and completely unique hidden Vault in Starfield. Not only is this particular Vault unlike anything you have previously seen anywhere within the Fallout universe, but it is also unlike anything you have seen in any game. Period.
This hidden Vault is actually the key to both interstellar and interplanetary travel. And it also happens to be the single biggest construction project in human history, extending across a span of almost one-hundred light years. And it is not even close to being completed, even after more than two-hundred years of construction.
This Vault is, by its very nature, completely invisible and shielded away from view. It is quite literally hidden in plain sight, and it can only be accessed through one of its specially crafted Vault Doors. But what does all of this mean for gameplay, and how does something like this even work? I’m glad you asked! Let’s strap in and prepare for launch, because we’re all in for an incredible ride.
Welcome, ladies and gentlemen... to The Starfield
Entering The Starfield
The following is my own interpretation, based on scientific reasoning and a huge amount of detailed analysis, of exactly how I think this system works. It is, as ever, backed up with several links throughout, as well as additional evidence for which I shall provide a separate link at end of the post. I am expecting perhaps some differences in terms of specific details once we get hold of the final release of Starfield, but I am confident that I am at the very least well within the ballpark with all of this. Okay, here goes.
The Science Behind the Magic
Starfield is the name given to a vast network of interconnecting tunnels, spanning the entirety of the Settled Systems, providing us with a very fast and highly practical means of travelling between different planets, and even different star systems. These tunnels exist within a localized, folded state, known as Tunnel-Space. The construction of the Starfield is made possible thanks to a technological breakthrough which allows gravitational waves (or Gravitons) to be woven together to form something known as a Gravity-Tunnel, which is then stretched out and connected between any two existing stellar objects, such as two planets in a given system, of even two stars from different systems.
In order to maintain the integrity of each tunnel, it is wrapped in a special type of Exotic Matter known as Superfluid Helium. This has a number of highly unusual properties, including negative energy density and negative energy pressure. This essentially makes it the physical-space equivalent of time going in reverse, meaning that it is capable of counteracting the effects of any conventional physical force, including the gravitational pull of a black hole. As such, it will hold the structure of the Gravity-Tunnel together for an indefinite period of time over a potentially infinite distance through space.
Within the Starfield are a large number of Nodes and Junction Points. Nodes are used to connect together all of the planets in any one Star System, and Junction Points then connect different Star Systems together, making use of much larger Gravity-Tunnels that are the equivalent of Interstate Highways. Note that all flight between any given planet and any or all of its moons is handled locally, outside of the Starfield.
Because all of the stars, planets, and moons in the Settled Systems are in a constant state of flux, by which I mean their relative distance and positions) are constantly changing in respect to each other, the tunnels within the Starfield have been designed to be able to expand and contract almost infinitely so that they can accommodate any changes in these two factors depending on when, where, and how you travel.
Although the main tunnels are designed to transport people, resources, waste, and other items directly relating to either Population Centers or Infrastructure, I believe there is also a sub-system) that will allow much smaller objects, such as probes, to carry data-packets that can be upload at one location and then downloaded at another, effectively solving the problem of inoperable delays in communication between remote locations.
Inside of each Gravity-Tunnel is a bi-directional singularity, which can be switched between two opposite polarities whenever required with the help of the surrounding Exotic Matter, allowing for two-way traffic inside what is essentially a one-way system. This means that, as long as you are able to ensure the correct polarity of all connecting Nodes and Junction Points along your route (as in “Sky-Bus is converged” and “Jemison route looks good”), you will be able to travel, in theory at least, from any point A to any point B, as long as all of the required interconnections exist within the system.
When travelling through the Starfield, you will set a specific route, known as a Sky-Bus, which is a specified pathway that runs from your staring location to your destination. You will then, with the help of Starfield Control, access the tunnels using a Gating System which I will explain below. Incidentally, I believe that the accepted in-universe name for the actual transit network that we are making use of within the Starfield is the Sky-Bus Tunnel System.
Each tunnel in this system actually has two separate ‘Lanes’, one on the left for outbound traffic, and one on the right for incoming traffic. As I have explained above, each of these tunnels can only accommodate a single direction of traffic flow at any given time. And so, a safety measure had to be incorporated to prevent any accidental attempts to travel the wrong way down a tunnel and destroying yourself and your ship.
At each end of any given Node or Junction Point is a Gate. These are the ‘Vault Doors’ I have been referring to. The Gate comprises of a gigantic metal outer-ring connecting to an inner Vault Door. This Vault Door will either be at the center (closed position), or the left (open position) of the outer ring. The open/left position will allow outbound traffic to leave the orbit of the current planet they are in proximity to. To allow inbound traffic, the entire outer ring, with the Vault Door locked in place, will rotate clockwise through 180 degrees to the open/right position to allow access to the inbound Lane. When the outbound Lane is then once again required, the structure then continues to rotate in a clockwise motion until it reaches the open/left position once again. When required, the Vault Door will return to the neutral position at the center of the ring, and the tunnel will be locked.
Regarding Grav Jumps: Whenever you wish to perform a Grav-Jump, you must first request permission from Starfield Control, who will guide you through the process. Once the route is set and your Exit Gate is locked in place, by activating your ship’s Grav-Drive, along with it’s incorporated spooling system, you will first lock on to the front of the tunnel entrance.
Next, using a system similar to an Aircraft Catapult, you will be pulled into the tunnel at great speed, where the Graviton Loop Array will hold your ship in-place inside the tunnel, and will also ensure you don’t accidentally go down the wrong path. At the other end, the spooling system described above then acts as an Arresting Cable, slowing you down over a very short distance.
If all of the above is actually correct, especially the last part, then I think I will be having this on repeat in the background before Grav-Jumps!
Finally, here is the link to my additional supporting evidence and other materials, including some stuff I haven’t had a chance to really go into yet. Feel free to throw any questions at me, and I’ll do my best to answer them. In the meantime, Showcase will commence in 24 Hours…

Demographics:
MI Asian male, highly competitive school
Intended Major(s):
Computer Science
ACT/SAT/SAT II:

• 1540 SAT
• 34 ACT (most likely won't submit)

UW/W GPA and Rank:

• 3.86 UW
• (school doesn't do weighted)

Coursework:
11 APs, 8 5's, 3 4's
Awards:

• Presidental Volunteer Service Award
• AP Scholar with Distinction
• KLAA Scholar Athlete

Extracurriculars:

• Technology Lead and Curriculum at Bay-Area based CS Non-Profit
• Summer Job in retail
• Varsity Debate
• VP of Varsity Quiz Bowl
• Internship at a local startup
• Research at U-Mich
• Highly varied GitHub project page
• Tennis (Varsity middle of senior year)

Essays/LORs/Other:

• CS teacher LOR (9/10)
• English teacher LOR (8.5/10)

Schools:

• University of Michigan- Ann Arbor
• Georgia Tech
• Purdue
• Michigan State
• Wisconsin-Madison
• UIUC
• MIT
• Cal
• Yale
• UChicago
• Stanford

Besides the fact that half the things people claim was different or normal during the medieval period to justify the shitty things that happen in HotD didn’t actually happen that way, I hate this argument because it’s used to shut down real conversations.
Even the show runners themselves say that HotD is meant to critique patriarchy and classism, but how can audiences do that when fans just dig their heads in the sand and refuse to address the misogyny, sexism, and other problematic aspects of Westeros because “it was a different time!” Frankly, it’s lazy to not examine the show and not compare it to our modern sensibilities. Especially when the point of the show and the book is to criticize things like misogyny or elitism and how our world differs from the one GRRM created.
I first saw this issue cropping up with Daemon and Rhaenyra, than with Alicent, and now with Aemond and it’s very frustrating watching fans pick in choose when they want to be logical. People were romanticizing Daemon and Rhaenyra’s relationship and shutting down people who (rightfully) found it creepy because “girls got married young during that time.” despite the fact that both Emma D’Archy and Ryan Condal have said the relationship between Daemon and Rhaenyra is grooming and Daemon is a predator who took advantage of Rhaenyra’s age. And we can’t have real discourse about that stuff if y’all want to be delusional and honestly believe we have to overlook that because “it was a different time” so that your precious daddy Daemon doesn’t look bad, God forbid.
Besides, the idea that girls getting married as children or teenagers being commonplace is a myth. Most people in medieval age didn’t even get married until early twenties and even for nobles young girls getting married was rarity and it wasn’t customary to consummate the marriage until she was older because people back then understood that getting a child pregnant could kill and traumatize them. In fact, there are multiple instances where men were looked down upon for sleeping with their wives when they were young because it’s dangerous and medieval people knew that.
And that brings me to Alicent. To be honest, it was gross watching so many fans blame Alicent for being manipulated and abused by Otto and Viserys. That teenage girl did not seduce that man and once again, the show runners and Olivia Cooke have stated multiple times that Alicent and Viserys relationship was an act of marital rape because she was a child and because she didn’t want to sleep with him. Hence why he sends servants to command her to go to his chambers because she wouldn’t go otherwise and her not wanting to and Viserys not caring should tell you everything you need to know. But no, this fandom is too concerned with romanticizing the male characters so everyone has to overlook their problematic and frankly pedophilic behaviors because the asiaof fandom has an obsession with excusing bad male behavior.
Lastly, Aemond. That boy was assaulted. There is no universe where a 13 year old boy sleeping with a grown woman isn’t assault, in fact during the medieval era men got married even older than women so nowhere is 13 year old boy having sex normal. I cannot stress this enough, people in the past viewed 13-15 year olds as children and any case outside of that is an exception to the rule. You can pull every single anecdotal incident of boy from the past sleeping with an older woman, and it still wouldn’t change the fact that it wasn’t normal for the time.
That’s like me bringing up an anecdotal relationship between a teen girl and a grown man and saying “See, X & Y did this so therefore it was considered normal for grown men to sleep with young girls in modern America.” That’s not how it works, plain and simple.
I hate how this fandom picks and chooses this argument because it’s always used in favor of the team black characters and to diminish the green ones. People will use it to overlook Daemon and Viserys’s actions, but will call Alicent a misogynistic and female conservative because she believes in male promenigenture (it’s funny how that “it’s a different time, they had different beliefs” argument suddenly evaporates when it comes to characters you don’t like), and use it downplay something that’s meant to build on Aemond’s trauma.
I grantee if any of the things that happened to Alicent happens to Rhaenyra or anything that happened to Aemond happened to one of the strong boys this fandom would be singing a different tune.

I've been offered admission to the Master of Science in Experience Design program at Northeastern University (Boston) for Fall 2023. I have a few general questions about the program, facilities, and opportunities, and I would greatly appreciate your insights.
​
1) Co-op Program for One-Year Students: (a) How does the co-op program work for students pursuing a one-year MS in Experience Design? (b) Are there specific co-op opportunities available for one-year students? (c) What is the typical co-op program duration for one-year Experience Design program students? (d) Are there any restrictions or guidelines regarding co-op placements for one-year students?
2) Job Opportunities After Graduation: (a) Do students in the Experience Design program generally find good job opportunities right after graduation? (b) What industries or companies typically hire graduates from the MS in Experience Design program? (c) Are there any notable alumni from the program who have achieved success in their careers?
3) Coursework and Faculty: (a) If you are currently enrolled in or have completed the MS in Experience Design program, could you share your experience with the coursework? (b) What are some of the core courses offered in the program, and how do they contribute to the overall learning experience? (c) Are there any specific faculty members known for their Experience Design expertise? (d) How accessible and supportive are the faculty members in terms of providing guidance and mentorship?
4) Design-related Activities in the Nearby Area: (a) Are there any design-related events, workshops, or conferences that take place in the nearby area throughout the year? (b) Are there any student clubs or organisations related to design that actively engage in activities outside of the academic curriculum? (c) How does the university facilitate connections between students and the local design community?

Signings

- The Return of Isbell, Shanahan, Stacey, and the Signing of Emily Rickwood for the Force
- Toronto Six Add Flare On Backend With Re-Signing Of Defender Saroya Tinker
- Schepers looks to bring the Isobel Cup home after re-signing with Caps
- Kremer, Dobson Renegotiate Second Years with Beauts
- Boston Pride Sign SDHL Star Defender Brooke Hobson
- Maude Poulin-Labelle Joins Connecticut Whale
- Metropolitan Riveters Re-Sign Hayley Lunny & Rachel McQuigge for 2023-24
- Howran signs new two-year deal with Whale
- Nuutinen Returns to Beauts Hungrier Than Ever
- Hometown Talent Caitrin Lonergan Signs with Boston
- Metropolitan Riveters Ink Susana Tapani, Kateřina Mrázová to contracts for 2023-24 Season
- ’23 U SPORTS Champion, Mount Royal Captain Tatum Amy Signs With Beauts
- Boston Signs Top Forward Brittany Howard
- Toronto Six Retain Stability In Net With Re-Signing Of Goaltender Carly Jackson
- Metropolitan Riveters Announce Signings of Rogge, Linser, and Cook to Bolster Roster
- Caps sign Gopher star Catie Skaja to 1-year deal
- Buffalo Native Attea Returns for Third Season With Beauts
- U of M's Abigail Boreen signs deal with Caps

News

- PHF Free Agency File: May 22-28
- PHF Celebrates Pride Month
- PHF Free Agency File: May 29 - June 4
- The Hockey News: Predicting Scoring Of NCAA and USports Rookies In The PHF

• Most players experience a scoring drop as they transition from college hockey to pro. We look at the average changes from the NCAA and USports to the PHF last season, in order to predict who will top rookie scoring next season.

Whitecaps
- The Rink Live: Abigail Boreen puts a pharmacy career on pause to join the Minnesota Whitecaps for next season

• The forward from Somerset, Wis., finished among the top 10 Gophers all time in games played and will join formefuture teammate Catie Skaja on the Whitecaps roster for 2023-24.

Toronto 6ix
- Toronto Star: How Toronto Six goalie Carly Jackson became one of the PHF’s most beloved players

• Known for her fun videos and friendly personality, the Six backup goalie was voted as one of the Fans’ Three Stars of the PHF for the second time.

- Toronto Six Extend Head Coach Geraldine Heaney Through 2023-24 Season

Videos/Podcasts

- The Hockey News: Lexie Adzija Sees Personal and Team Growth Ahead With Riveters (length9:21)

• Lexie Adzija discusses her choice to sign with the Metropolitan Riveters, including the opportunity for personal, and more organizational growth.

- The Hockey News: Interview: Sophie Shirley Has Big Goals For Boston and Beyond (length 12:04)

• Watch Sophie Shirley discuss signing with the Boston Pride, NCAA titles at Wisconsin, and her Canadian national team goals.

- The Hockey News: Watch: Minnesota State Grads Hope to Bring Chemistry to the Whitecaps (length 10:21)

• Four Minnesota State alumni are re-uniting in the PHF with the Minnesota Whitecaps and hope to bring their chemistry to the professional level.

- Dan Rice: Around the Rink in the #PHF - Live, Laugh, Lev (length 1:13:56)

• May 31st Broadcast

- Founding 4 Podcast: Toronto Six Prospects Camp, Beauts Updates (length 1:03:45)
- The Hockey News: Saroya Tinker: "I want to win another championship with my team"

• Saroya Tinker, Toronto born and raised, wants another championship, and to see a boom of women's pro sport in her city. Watch and listen to the interview.

- Let's Go Blues Radio: Amanda Leveille of the Minnesota Whitecaps Takeover! (Interview 11:22 - 1:07:30)
- The Hockey News: Watch: Emily Rickwood Aims To Bring Her Two-Way Game To Montreal (length 12:01)

• Emily Rickwood's impact on the blueline extends beyond the stat sheet, and her excitement to show that to Montreal Force fans is palpable.

- The Hockey News: Watch: Emma Soderberg Believes The PHF Will Make Her Better (length 12:01)

• Emma Soderberg is already one of the best in the world, and she believes the PHF will only help her get better. Watch her full interview.

- The Centre of The Universe: Carly Jackson (length 31:15)

• This week we're joined by Toronto Six goalie and Isobel Cup champion Carly Jackson! We talked about her re-signing with the Six, winning the Isobel Cup, goalie gear, hot dogs, and more!

- The Hockey News: Watch: Brooke Hobson Returns To Boston A Better Player Than She Left (length 14:54)

• Brooke Hobson discusses her time in Sweden, Northeastern, joining the PHF's Boston Pride and much more.

- Dan Rice: Around the Rink in the #PHF - Gettin’ Quiggy Wit It (length 1:13:47)

• June 8th Broadcast

Title: Beatport Top 100 Deep House June 2023 Genre: Deep House Release Date: 2023-06-10
DOWNLOAD in 320kbps: https://sharing-db.club/djs-chart/437802_beatport-top-100-deep-house-june-2023/
Tracklist: 1. Chris Stussy – All Night Long (Original Mix) (7:06) 2. Kevin McKay – Tom’s Diner (Extended Mix) (4:46) 3. Paluma – Rapture (Kevin McKay Extended ViP) (6:07) 4. Fred again.., The Blessed Madonna – Marea (we’ve lost dancing) (4:45) 5. Underworld – Two Months Off (Tim Green Remix) (11:07) 6. Jansons – Get It On (Original Mix) (6:48) 7. Oscar Barila – Miles (Original Mix) (5:04) 8. Nick Curly – Silom (Mihai Popoviciu Remix) (7:10) 9. Oden & Fatzo – Lauren (I Can’t Stay Forever) (Extended) (6:36) 10. Denney – Lies (Gorge & Nick Curly Extended Remix) (6:10) 11. Chris Stussy – Rose Bay (Original Mix) (7:27) 12. Marc Lenz – Multiverse (Original Mix) (6:25) 13. Crew Deep – Location (T.Markakis Remix Extended) (6:50) 14. Kellie Allen – Back In The 80’s (Original Mix) (6:19) 15. Sidney Charles – Turnover (Original Mix) (5:22) 16. Joseph Ray – Blue Nights (Original Mix) (6:31) 17. Discosteps – Ooh Baby (Extended Mix) (5:48) 18. Collective Machine, Julian Millan – First Vision (Original Mix) (6:47) 19. Dompe – Hard Life (Original Mix) (5:22) 20. Maverick Sabre, Jorja Smith – Slow Down (feat. Jorja Smith) (Vintage Culture & Slow Motion Extended Remix) (5:15) 21. MOGUAI, Vize, Anna Grey – You’re Not Alone (Extended) (5:06) 22. Hannah Wants, Clementine Douglas – Cure My Desire (feat. Clementine Douglas) (Extended Mix) (6:38) 23. Kolter – Wanna Be With U (Original Mix) (7:01) 24. Boogie Vice, Deep Aztec – Promises (N-You-Up Extended Dub Mix) (7:36) 25. Hatiras, Sebb Junior – Breathe (Feel Fine) (Extended Mix) (5:27) 26. Oliver $ – Strings For Life (Original Mix) (6:50) 27. M-High – The Answer (Original Mix) (7:24) 28. Chris Stussy, Kolter – Seeing & Believing (Kolter Extended Remix) (6:01) 29. Juli Lee – Boss (Mihai Popoviciu Remix) (6:37) 30. Shiba San – I Wanna (Tchami Remix) (5:04) 31. Karrém – Mr Dynamite (Extended Revenge Mix) (6:03) 32. Mallin – Set Me Free (Extended Mix) (6:04) 33. Glamourama – Don’t Make It (Original Mix) (6:34) 34. Kellie Allen – Funk For Peace (Original Mix) (6:41) 35. Maya Jane Coles – In2u (Original Mix) (5:53) 36. Marsolo – Dear Future (Original Mix) (6:20) 37. Sidney Charles – Universal Highway (Original Mix) (6:24) 38. Hayley May, Jess Bays – Colourblind (Extended Mix) (4:33) 39. Gruuve – Cloud (Extended Mix) (6:12) 40. Dilby, Oliver Schories, Gorge – Connect the Dots (Oliver Schories & Gorge Remix) (6:43) 41. Never Dull – Turning You On (Original Mix) (6:45) 42. Audiojack – Begin Again (Original Mix) (5:47) 43. Mallin, Clover Ray – Guided (Extended Mix) (6:42) 44. Dilby – Remember Me (Extended Mix) (6:19) 45. Reflex Blue – Operation Frost (Original Mix) (5:11) 46. Kellie Allen – I Know (Original Mix) (6:38) 47. Josh Wink – San Guine (Original Mix) (7:23) 48. Dilby – Last Word (Original Mix) (6:50) 49. Mallin, Sam Dexter, Clover Ray – Thick Of It (Extended Mix) (5:56) 50. Local Options – Common Thread (Original Mix) (5:45) 51. Amy Dabbs, Athlete Whippet – Deep In Your Love (Extended Mix) (6:35) 52. Dennis Cruz – Poke Bowl (Original Mix) (5:20) 53. Fort Romeau – The Zone (Original Mix) (4:22) 54. Maverick Sabre, Jorja Smith – Slow Down (James Cole Remix) (6:58) 55. M.A.N.D.Y., Booka Shade – Body Language (Original Remaster) (7:16) 56. Oliver Dollar, Jimi Jules – Pushing On (Original Mix) (6:57) 57. Thakzin, Ray T, Jimpster – Don’t Let Me See (Jimpster Remix) (6:53) 58. Softmal, LLølita – Inside Your Love (Original Mix) (5:12) 59. Pupa Nas T, Denise Belfon, Kevin McKay – Work (Kevin McKay Extended ViP) (6:00) 60. Angelo Ferreri – Oh Honey (Extended Mix) (6:40) 61. Chris Stussy – Evening Drive (Original Mix) (7:01) 62. Danny Snowden – Bigger (Original Mix) (6:01) 63. Jen Payne, Sonickraft – Fired Up (Kevin McKay Extended Remix) (6:46) 64. Hurricane, AirBorn Gav – Work (Atjazz Extended Remix) (6:55) 65. Robin M – Sirocco (Extended) (5:34) 66. JPA, Sean Declase – Calling (Audiojack Remix) (5:33) 67. Four Candles, Criss Deeper, Gareth Cole – The Vagabond (Gareth Cole Remix) (7:13) 68. Josh Wink – Pan Gloss (Original Mix) (7:03) 69. Dilby – Live Free (Original Mix) (6:50) 70. Zetbee – About You (Original Mix) (6:18) 71. Oliver Dollar – School Daze (Original Mix) (5:52) 72. Djebali, Hipp-e – Fall Into Groove (Original Mix) (6:55) 73. Route 94, Jess Glynne – My Love (Original Mix) (4:19) 74. Mo’Cream – I’m Sure (Original Mix) (5:31) 75. Chloé Caillet, Mikhail Beltran – NYWTF (feat. Mikhail Beltran) (Extended) (5:46) 76. Angelo Ferreri, Alessio Cala’ – Izinque (Alessio Cala’ Remix) (5:36) 77. beatsbyhand, Kali Mija – King Of My Castle (feat. Kali Mija) (Extended Mix) (6:17) 78. M-High – L.T.B.C.Y.B. (Original Mix) (7:33) 79. PAWSA – A LITTLE BIT FUNKIER (Extended Mix) (7:23) 80. Mallin – Off My Mind (Extended Mix) (6:05) 81. Gerry Read – It’ll All Be Over (DJ Koze Remix) (5:00) 82. Coeo – Back in the Days (Original Mix) (5:40) 83. Claptone, Jaw – No Eyes (Original Mix) (6:58) 84. Justin Jay, option4 – i’m in love (Original Mix) (3:16) 85. Steve Kelley – Set Me Free (Extended Mix) (6:03) 86. Vincent G – Another Day (Original Mix) (7:03) 87. Malin Genie – Phaethon (Original Mix) (6:21) 88. Tomàn – Sunshine & Ravioli (Original Mix) (7:23) 89. Discosteps – What Kind Of Love (Extended Mix) (6:45) 90. Daphni – Cloudy (Kelbin Remix) (5:36) 91. Marten Lou – My Love For You (Yebba’s Heartbreak) (Original Mix) (5:47) 92. Reflex Blue – Sacred Plant (Original Mix) (5:33) 93. Cosmonection – Hypnotic Ways (Original Mix) (5:08) 94. Kolter – Neptune (Original Mix) (5:59) 95. KOKO.IT – 7 Days In The Hotel (M-High Remix) (6:25) 96. Gianmarco Limenta, Sam Dexter – La Vida (Extended Mix) (6:12) 97. Barry Can’t Swim – Rah That’s A Mad Question (Original Mix) (3:47) 98. Folamour – These Are Just Places To Me Now (Original Mix) (7:01) 99. Serge Devant, Camille Safiya, Damiano C – Fearing Love feat. Camille Safiya (Club Mix) (7:28) 100. Serge Devant, Camille Safiya, Damiano C – Fearing Love feat. Camille Safiya (Jamie Jones & Lee Foss Remix) (5:59)

​
The ending of the show has given me ample time to reflect on its intricacies. However, I must admit that I found it rather disappointing. It felt rushed, leaving me longing for more. For me, the heart of the show has always been the dynamic between Kendall and Logan. While I don't necessarily demand that Kendall becomes the CEO, I yearned for a more conclusive resolution to his story. The two suicide attempts seemed like plausible and poignant endpoints for his character, yet they were disregarded. Instead, we were presented with an all-too-familiar outcome for Kendall, where his pursuit of power fell short once again. Regrettably, this time, his failure seemed illogical.
What troubled me further were the sudden shifts in the relationships between Shiv, Roman, and Kendall. In one scene, they were united, with Shiv expressing her desire for Kendall's involvement in her child's life. But in the very next scene, Roman hurled unwarranted and crude remarks about Kendall's kids, while Shiv displayed disdain towards him. Additionally, the lack of repercussions for Frank's betrayal was baffling. Given Frank's history, it was inconceivable that he wouldn't support Kendall. The absence of a scene where Frank explicitly reveals his stance to Kendall is akin to Tom Hagen refusing to support Michael Corleone, which is simply implausible without any meaningful dialogue between them. It's not that I have an issue with Tom becoming CEO, but the timing and the circumstances surrounding Kendall's loss defy logic. Especially after witnessing Kendall's growth and his courageous stand in "Church and State" and "Safe Room," the outcome felt out of place. The unresolved matter of the Gojo numbers only adds to the sense of a rushed conclusion.
Contemplating other notable HBO shows, I couldn't help but recognize a pattern. Take "The Sopranos," for instance. While the plot was undeniably brilliant, the ending left much to be desired, with the infamous cut to black. Understandably, one can argue that the ambiguity of the ending serves a purpose, as we, the audience, had grown weary of Tony and perhaps sought his comeuppance. But it does feel somewhat like a cop-out, a failure to deliver on an opposing school of thought: providing a clear resolution.
Then there's "Game of Thrones," a fantasy universe that holds a special place in my heart. Seasons 1 to 4 were nothing short of compelling television. However, the decline in quality had already begun before the divisive ending. The show resorted to teleporting characters to conveniently advance the plot. By the time we reached the finale, the wheels had already fallen off, and the conclusion was nothing short of disastrous. It resonates with the disappointment I experienced with "Succession," where I found myself checking how much time was left during the absurdity of certain moments.
However, there is one HBO masterpiece that stands out for me—the impeccable ending of "The Wire." Every narrative arc is neatly tied together, leaving no loose ends or plot holes. It is a testament to the show's excellence, providing a thoroughly satisfying and believable conclusion. The storytelling throughout is both captivating and flawless.
Having expressed my frustrations with the ending of "Succession," it's not only because my favorite character didn't achieve what he desired but also because the narrative fails to make sense. Even though I have reservations about Shiv's character, I must admit that she was poorly written in the last season. Her wavering loyalty and inability to navigate the political landscape, considering her initial introduction in politics, left me disenchanted.

Note to self 93,
Made it back to the library. "A Tale of two cities" was still there waiting for me, thankfully (the beauty of having niche interests!). I moved on to the chapters speaking directly about the two case studies and copied the most interesting passages.
These were the most noteworthy parts on Kamābarha:

1. Kamābarha – Establishment and growth
Though there is still a certain degree of debate, scholars speculate that Kamābarha is the earliest of Arhada cities. It would be expected, considering its proximity to a great number of Middle Pottery sites and its strategic location at the intersection of the Great lake and the southern basin, offering opportunities for a higher degree of cultural interaction – which inevitably leads to cultural maturity.
Indeed, the rise of Kamābarha has left tangible markings in the archaeological record: the construction of Kamābarha III, the layer that first gives us some indication of a level of state control over the region (in the form of contract tablets and other material remains, symbolism associated with governance and a mature elite power, as well as the sheer size of its palace and granary) has been unanimously placed in the 6th century BD. For the purposes of this text, we are interested in understanding what the city looked like before and immediately after that date, in order to understand its peculiar character, as well as the ingredients that brought its success.

[...]

Kamābarha's wealth was chiefly in its copper reserves. The stretch of land between the Great lake and the southern Tritonean lakes, traversed by what the Arhada referred to as Green River, contained plentiful mineral deposits, ranging from pure copper, silver, and zinc-contaminated copper, otherwise known as "natural brass". This naturally occurring alloy was perhaps Kamābarha greatest export, although the metallurgical culture of Formative Tritonea was rather scant, and most uses for these metals were either decorative or for the production of cold-worked arrowheads. These items are found as far west as early Hortens sites and as far south as the Aluwa. They were either transported as fully formed arrowheads or as plates which were then worked locally by the importers. Within the confines of Kamābarha and its environs, however, we can find a higher ratio of copper artisanal goods and artistic objects than weapons: an indication of a lack of pressure to militarise. Brass is found on the decorations of Kamābarha's palace, in the form of mirrors, bracelets, jewellery. The oldest example of a painted copper plate – a typical Arhadan decorative items consisting of a flat copper surface covered on both sides with oil paint, was found in Kamābarha III. Chemical analyses confirm that what appears today as a simple oxidised copper disk was in fact coloured with bright pecan oil based paints.
That is not to say that the production of military gear, or, indeed, warfare, was inexistent. The dispersal of arrowheads along the north shore of the Great Lake gives us a clear indication that Kamābarha's influence was not based only on agricultural wealth or cultural influence: some amount of force was indeed employed in the creation of its political network.

[...]

2. Kamābarha –Internal Politics
Kamābarha's political structure was the natural evolution of the typical characters of pre-formative Arhada centres, as discussed earlier. At the top of the hierarchy were the "famous", as the nobility was known, and below was everyone else. Tracing the rise to power of the "famous" clans is no easy feat, but its clear that, through generations of wealth accumulation, a set of dynamics which allowed the flourishing of a restricted group of landowners culminated in a clear class divide between this group of hereditary leaders and the manpower contributing to their wealth.
At the time of Kamābarha III it seems like four or five clans shared the spaces of the palatial district, with the number dropping to three, either through the merger of two clans or the extinguishing of the families, in the 7th century. This has been suggested by the symbolism prevalent on funerary urns found within the site, with each clan being associated with a specific symbol: in early Kamābarha III we find the tortoise, the heron, the parrot, and two variations of the burning house motif – one flanked by two pecan trees, the other standing on its own. It's unknown whether the last two represented a single clan or two separate ones. As the period progressed, however, we find that later urns are only marked with heron, parrot and burning house logograms. These three clans probably included a great deal of people, between the matriarchs, the leaders and a third class of non-inheriting clan members.
Power was seemingly based on seniority, passing from the son of the eldest matriarch, who would hold leadership within the village, to the next; his second in line – either a brother or the son of the second-senior matriarch – would act as a representative. Note how power passes from the matriarchs, and not from the men themselves: it's the eldest mother that produces the city's leader, but that does not mean that the leader is necessarily the senior nobleman.

[...]

One aspect of this system that is currently under debate is whether the wealth of the four (later three) clans was pooled together or if they maintained some additional independent wealth: it would seem like that was the case. It is now believed that the Ibosso hadân (marriage vessel) was treated as a person's independent wealth: each clan would put the wealth of their Ibosso hadân together with the other members of their clan, but separate from the common wealth of the city; non-inheriting clan members would keep theirs separate shares. All other goods – the herds, the harvest from the paddies, and items produced by the clan for the treasury – were handled communally by the Council of the matriarchs and the two male leaders: the internal leader, or "First Leader", handling issues pertaining to the administration of the city at large, and an external one, a "Second Leader", whose duties involved diplomatic journeys to client villages and the collection of payments.

A diagram of power relations in Kamābarha, for reference. I was impressed by how mobile social classes were, even within such a hierarchical society. There's an entire chapter dedicated to this:

2.b Kamābarha –Lower Classes and social mobility
Overall, two other social classes were recognised aside from the members of the famous clans; the commoners and the clanless. The commoners formed the bulk of the population: there could have been anything between one and two hundred minor clans inhabiting Kamābarha, most of which were farmers and horticulturalists, but many of whom were moving towards specific arts and crafts as the quality of life increased due to the higher level food security provided by the state. The men of this social class would be called for military duty by the leadership in times of war – when the time came to exact payment by force from a client city, for example – but all evidence points to this being a rather rare occasion. Clans mostly contributed to the palace economy, in the form of corvée labour (wherein each clan had to provide a fixed number of workers for the paddy) or the production of specialised goods. Because of this, having a clan could prove to be expensive, and when those payments could not be met, clanhood would be revoked: this gave rise to the Clanless, a more generalistic group comprised of those without the means to provide work to the palace as an organised force as well as all prisoners of war, foreigners or recent immigrants that have not yet entered the social fabric of the city. These people worked the paddies in exchange for wages, paid in the form of zizania or tobacco, and would be the first group to which the most labour intensive jobs were assigned.
That is not to say that people statically belonged to one class or other; People of a famous clan could intermarry with commoners – this was somewhat rare, as the preference was to marry within one of the other famous families or with the upper class of the other cities, both client and independent. But in times of need, when there weren't suitable partners of the same generation, the Matriarchs who regulated upper class unions, could allow a commoner to enter their group. Another means of social betterment for commoners was being chosen as a favourite at the palace: when an artist or artisan – commonly a woman, but sometimes a man as well – was considered to be highly skilled by a member of the four inner clans, they could chose to sponsor them, sacrificing personal wealth to allow them to live at the palace, where they would continue their craft for the benefit of the palace's treasury. Within the palace, Favourites were then allowed to marry and reside until their death: their children, growing with the children of the famous clans, often grew up to be considered suitable marriage partners. The Clanless had ways to climb the social ladder as well: becoming a Kabaima, a helper, for the inhabitants palace was considered to be an honourable post, the highest honour for someone without a Clan. They were similarly allowed to live and marry within the palace, and where often given some payment for their descendants at the end of their service, when they reached old age or died.
In an intermediary position the commoners and the famous where the non-inheriting children of the latter. The sons and daughters of the men of the clan were not included in the matrilineal passage of power and had to find themselves a position in society: the men were often encouraged to join the "high guard", responsible for the private property of the clan within the city, and both men and women could become "Shrine keepers", organising religious functions and overseeing the community who took care of the shrine's upkeep. These positions were open to commoners too, but Famous commoners, due to their closeness to the clan (and thus, to leadership), were preferred for this kind of position.

I was fascinated about the "Shrine Keeper" figure, but I could find very little about it. I found this on shrines, though:

5. Kamābarha – Early Tritonean shrines, the rise of an architectural typology:
Within the context of northern Arhada cities, we can see the emergence of a new building type: specialised shrines, independent of the palace district. These prove to be an evolution of the domestic type: the courtyard framing a centred, central-plan building was a clear re-elaboration of palaces; the difference however is in the proportions between the single parts. The courtyard building surrounding the shrine proper, now a mere framing device, grew narrower and shorter, while the central building acquired prominence, both in size and in height. The central structure contained one large square room where votive statuettes, offerings and precious materials were gifted from people honouring the spirits to whom the shrine was dedicated. Because early shrines were made of wood, we have little direct information regarding their appearance, for which we need to employ pictorial and sculptural sources (clay models of shrines are a common pottery item, used for votive purposes). It has been proposed that early shrines were often rebuilt as the object of devotion changed according to the needs of the city – it's believed that this rebuilding of the shrine often corresponded with the promotion of a new Shrine Keeper. Eventually, shrines would be built in more durable materials, making rebuilding less practical, but in this early stage the reconstruction of the shrine was probably a ritual occurrence.

[...]

It must be noted that shrines had their way of accumulating wealth, through the management of the offerings given by the devout: some shrines in Kamābarha had enough to surpass a number of the wealthiest non-famous Clans. Because the appointment to shrines was handled by the council of Matriarchs, however, the Famous Clans always had a way to indirectly handle those resources, through the appointment of a family member.

I copied some more drawings: one is a fascinating scheme of how temple typologies became more and more complex through the ages (though the last example is some 1000 years outside the timeline of the essay) and the other is an axonometric view of temple "E".
I will be briefer on Amadahai, skipping all the things that are shared between the two cities. There are a couple of divergences that I think shed some light on how differently the political environment of the two cities evolved.

1. Amadahai – Establishment and Growth
One key difference between Amadahai and Kamābarha was in their location: while Kamābarha was built along the coast of the Great Lake, Amadahai was founded in a strategic location at the head of the land bridge that closes off most of the small lake Thidorovôdjo from the larger Odjohivôdjo. This thin strip of land was reinforced with rows of paddies on both sides, creating a lush environment for the agricultural production of the urban centre. The warmer climate of Amadahai also provided the locals with a longer growing season, ensuring a higher production of high quality fruits and fruit products – wines, preserves, oil – that would be traded all over Tritonea and beyond. It seems that Amadahai's initial wealth was derived especially from this production and a booming trade of cosmetics in the form of spiced and perfumed oils, the large scale production of pigments such as indigo dye, ochre, and oil paint. It is worth dedicating a few words to this last product: while oil paints, as mixtures of pecan oil and pigments, had been used throughout Arhadan territory for some time (especially within the Southern Pottery School), Amadahai is the first site where the chemical analyses of archeological findings detected the use of hempseed oil – which acts as a better drying oil. Indeed, the high quality of the paintwork in pottery is one of the key feature of the Southern Pottery school, and some examples of painted pots, pipes and oil vessels are still visible today, with several exemplars being held at Newtown's Royal Museum of Horean Archaology. Tobacco was another notable export of the city and its wider political network: its climate was well suited for the cultivation of the leaf which was then carried throughout the lake system.

[...]

Amadahai also served as a centre of agricultural development, with the innovation of at least two very important crops being connected to the site of Amadahai II (contemporary with Kamābarha III). The first is Taraxacum ceratophorum, the wild Tritonean Dandelion, which the Arhada domesticated around the 5th Century, and began to select over the course of the next Centuries to obtain a series of crops we commonly eat to this day. Taraxacum was used for a number of different functions: the roots could be used to create brews, the leaves could be eaten raw, the petals could be crushed into dyes or used as aromatics.
Even more economically important was the creation of the Cattail variant Typha domestica var. lanifera, also called "Southern Cattail" or "Wooly Cattail". The fluff of wild cattails was hard to spin because of the shortness of the strands. As such, hemp-cattail blends started off as a common alternative to either of the pure fibre, softening the roughness of hemp and supplementing the scarcity of workable Typha fibre. Over the years, as cattail-flower fibre goods became more prised for their soft texture, the plant was selected for longer and sturdier fibres, larger heads and shorter stalks. The gathering of the fibre was light enough work to allow for the material to spread even thogh the cattail itself, domesticated from Typha Domingensis, required warmer climates, impeding its spread to the northern half of the Arhada territories in lake Sibozjivôro. This ensured that its cultivation would remain a southern specialty for some time, further ensuring Amadahai's commercial success.

A picture of the Wooly Cattail from the book! I had no idea it was first domesticated there, though thinking about it, it makes sense. I suppose I have to thank the people of Amadahai for the sweater I'm wearing right now. Some notes on politics, then I'll have to leave the library – the old man at the desk is giving me looks.

2. Amadahai – Internal Politics
The key differences in the political structure of early Amadahai can be easily appreciated when ne observes the power structures within its leadership class. Where Kamābarha had four or three leading clans, Amadahai maintains a stable number of six clans.

Amadahai's political diagram for reference.

Because the members of the leading families represent a greater percentage of the city's demography, the leadership of early Amadahai is thought to be less top-heavy: all mothers of the six ruling clans participated in the council and, rather than having a single elder matriarch as the head of the council – as was the case in Kamābarha –, the duties of the council were split between three members, elected by the matriarchs amongst the matriarchs.
The "Speaker" had a similar functions to the senior matriarch of Kamābarha but her role was mostly that of a representative and prima inter pares, rather than a final authority. She was flanked by two peers, equally chosen by the entire council: a "Treasure mother", who acted as a steward for the shared wealth of the clans, and a "Lore mother". The responsibilities of this final figure were perhaps the widest: amongst them was a cereful knowledge of genealogy and the history of Amadahai and all its client cities, the recording of contracts of obeisance and clientele, the approval and arrangement of marriages between members of the Famous clans, as well as the mentorship of younger women who might succeed her. While the Speaker of the council evidently held the most outwardly active role, the Lore Mother, in lieu of her deep knowledge, wisdom and powerful responsibilities, was treated with the most respect amongst the three.
If we look at the political role of men, we can see that even their division of power was more egalitarian than in Kamābarha: while we can still notice a clear division between First Leader and Second Leader, in a similar fashion to what we see in the northern city, we find that the second leader does not act independently in matters of war, being assisted instead by a war council formed of all the adult men of the clan. This speaks to Amadahai's deeper martial culture, born of a more conflictual relationship with its southern neighbours. The war council culminated in the creation of a sort of military elite – hunting and engaging in sporting culture during times of peace and commanding forces of commoners and clansless people in times of war. This is visible in the developement of specialised weapons (in Amadahai II we see the first depictions of recurve self bows in pictographs, pottery and sculpture) as well as an increase in arrowhead production dated from this period. There is current debate over whether the "Famous commoner" class could join this group, but the consensus seems to be that while they could become commanders, they did not have the rights to speak or vote in the war council proper.

[...]

While both an elite military role and priesthood were acceptable paths for famous commoners, it seems that these options were barred to all other commoners (another difference from Kamābarha). Again, this is possibly explained by the higher numbers of nobles in the city. A "lower guard", overseeing the protection of everything within the city but outside the palace was manned by commoners, whereas the "higher guard", acting as personal protectors of the Famous men and right hand men in times of war, were chosen exclusively amongst the non-inheriting relatives of the clan. The same goes for the priesthood: men and women of the clan's blood but outside the line of inheritance were invited to oversee the running of a temple: to be appointed, a "famous commoner" would require the backing of a member of one of the clans – usually via their father – and unanimous consent from all the members of the high leadership: the three matriarchs and the two leaders. These postings were diplomatically and economically sensitive: they allowed one of the clans to give an affiliated party a role within the leadership of a shrine, tapping into additional resources for the benefit of their family.

Alright, I guess that's enough research for my thesis – I'm super tired. I might still borrow this book when I can. End of note.

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GreedFall	0.8 TF2	$1.52 PP	-
Gremlins, Inc.	1.4 TF2	$2.74 PP	-
Grim Dawn	4.8 TF2	$9.54 PP	-
Grim Fandango Remastered	0.6 TF2	$1.1 PP	-
Guacamelee! 2	0.6 TF2	$1.18 PP	-
HITMAN™2 Gold Edition	3.0 TF2	$5.88 PP	-
HIVESWAP: Act 2	1.6 TF2	$3.23 PP	-
HROT	4.2 TF2	$8.22 PP	-
Hard Bullet	1.2 TF2	$2.35 PP	-
Hearts of Iron IV: Battle for the Bosporus	1.8 TF2	$3.57 PP	-
Hearts of Iron IV: Cadet Edition	5.9 TF2	$11.67 PP	-
Hearts of Iron IV: Death or Dishonor	1.0 TF2	$1.94 PP	-
Hearts of Iron IV: Waking the Tiger	2.0 TF2	$3.88 PP	-
Heave Ho	0.6 TF2	$1.09 PP	-
Heavy Rain	1.1 TF2	$2.25 PP	-
Hell Let Loose	6.3 TF2	$12.38 PP	-
Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice	1.4 TF2	$2.86 PP	-
Hello, Neighbor!	0.5 TF2	$1.01 PP	-
Hellpoint	0.4 TF2	$0.73 PP	-
Heroes of Hammerwatch	0.8 TF2	$1.56 PP	-
Hitman Absolution	0.4 TF2	$0.77 PP	-
Hitman Game of the Year Edition	1.3 TF2	$2.58 PP	-
Hollow Knight	2.5 TF2 Refer To My Other Thread	$4.93 PP Refer To My Other Thread	Must-Play Metroidvanias Bundle
Homefront: The Revolution	0.8 TF2	$1.65 PP	-
Homeworld: Deserts of Kharak	0.4 TF2	$0.76 PP	-
Hotline Miami 2: Wrong Number Digital Special Edition	0.6 TF2	$1.22 PP	-
Hotline Miami 2: Wrong Number	0.6 TF2	$1.14 PP	-
Hotline Miami	0.9 TF2	$1.81 PP	-
House Flipper	3.1 TF2	$6.08 PP	-
Human: Fall Flat	1.2 TF2	$2.29 PP	-
HuniePop	0.4 TF2	$0.85 PP	-
Huntdown	1.7 TF2	$3.3 PP	-
Hurtworld	2.2 TF2	$4.4 PP	-
Hyper Light Drifter	1.6 TF2	$3.09 PP	-
Hypnospace Outlaw	0.8 TF2	$1.53 PP	-
I Am Fish	0.4 TF2	$0.72 PP	-
I Expect You To Die	1.3 TF2	$2.67 PP	-
I-NFECTED	4.1 TF2	$8.02 PP	-
INSIDE	1.6 TF2	$3.14 PP	-
INSURGENCY	2.3 TF2	$4.46 PP	-
Icewind Dale: Enhanced Edition	0.4 TF2	$0.73 PP	-
Imperator: Rome Deluxe Edition	1.6 TF2	$3.16 PP	-
Imperator: Rome	1.2 TF2	$2.28 PP	-
In Sound Mind	0.5 TF2	$0.91 PP	-
Injustice 2 Legendary Edition	1.1 TF2	$2.21 PP	-
Injustice 2	0.9 TF2	$1.74 PP	-
Injustice: Gods Among Us - Ultimate Edition	0.7 TF2	$1.29 PP	-
Into the Breach	1.5 TF2	$2.91 PP	-
Into the Radius VR	3.3 TF2	$6.6 PP	-
Ion Fury	1.9 TF2	$3.74 PP	-
Iron Harvest	0.9 TF2	$1.83 PP	-
Jalopy	0.9 TF2	$1.81 PP	-
Job Simulator	6.2 TF2	$12.21 PP	-
Jurassic World Evolution 2	2.2 TF2	$4.4 PP	-
Jurassic World Evolution	0.7 TF2	$1.43 PP	-
Just Cause 2	0.4 TF2	$0.87 PP	-
Just Cause 3 XXL Edition	1.2 TF2	$2.34 PP	-
Just Cause 4: Complete Edition	1.9 TF2	$3.82 PP	-
KartKraft	4.2 TF2	$8.39 PP	-
Katamari Damacy REROLL	1.1 TF2	$2.08 PP	-
Katana ZERO	1.5 TF2	$2.88 PP	-
Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes	2.7 TF2	$5.42 PP	-
Kerbal Space Program	1.3 TF2	$2.58 PP	-
Killer Instinct	8.7 TF2	$17.3 PP	-
Killing Floor 2	0.7 TF2	$1.38 PP	-
Killing Floor	0.9 TF2	$1.69 PP	-
Kingdom Come: Deliverance	1.6 TF2	$3.09 PP	-
Kingdom: Two Crowns	1.1 TF2	$2.09 PP	-
Kitaria Fables	0.4 TF2	$0.75 PP	-
LEGO Batman 3: Beyond Gotham Premium Edition	0.5 TF2	$0.9 PP	-
LEGO Batman Trilogy	1.4 TF2	$2.74 PP	-
LEGO Harry Potter: Years 5-7	0.6 TF2	$1.2 PP	-
LEGO Star Wars III: The Clone Wars	0.6 TF2	$1.16 PP	-
LEGO Star Wars: The Complete Saga	0.6 TF2	$1.16 PP	-
LEGO® City Undercover	1.0 TF2	$1.93 PP	-
LEGO® DC Super-Villains Deluxe Edition	1.9 TF2	$3.77 PP	-
LEGO® DC Super-Villains	0.5 TF2	$0.95 PP	-
LEGO® Jurassic World™	0.4 TF2	$0.88 PP	-
LEGO® MARVEL's Avengers	0.4 TF2	$0.78 PP	-
LEGO® Marvel Super Heroes 2 Deluxe Edition	1.1 TF2	$2.15 PP	-
LEGO® Marvel Super Heroes 2	0.7 TF2	$1.32 PP	-
LEGO® Star Wars™: The Force Awakens - Deluxe Edition	1.1 TF2	$2.23 PP	-
LEGO® Star Wars™: The Force Awakens	0.5 TF2	$0.98 PP	-
LEGO® Worlds	1.0 TF2	$1.96 PP	-
LIMBO	0.4 TF2	$0.71 PP	-
Labyrinth City: Pierre the Maze Detective	0.7 TF2	$1.45 PP	-
Labyrinthine	1.8 TF2	$3.54 PP	-
Lake	0.6 TF2	$1.11 PP	-
Last Oasis	0.8 TF2	$1.67 PP	-
Layers of Fear 2	6.2 TF2	$12.22 PP	-
Layers of Fear	0.6 TF2	$1.11 PP	-
Legion TD 2	2.3 TF2	$4.56 PP	-
Len's Island	4.1 TF2	$8.16 PP	-
Lethal League Blaze	2.4 TF2	$4.78 PP	-
Lethal League	1.5 TF2	$2.97 PP	-
Library Of Ruina	3.2 TF2	$6.36 PP	-
Life is Feudal: Your Own	0.7 TF2	$1.32 PP	-
Life is Strange 2 Complete Season	0.7 TF2	$1.43 PP	-
Little Misfortune	2.2 TF2	$4.42 PP	-
Little Nightmares Complete Edition	1.6 TF2	$3.09 PP	-
Little Nightmares	0.9 TF2	$1.79 PP	-
Lobotomy Corporation Monster Management Simulation	5.0 TF2	$9.88 PP	-
Loot River	2.9 TF2	$5.76 PP	-
Lords of the Fallen Game of the Year Edition	0.8 TF2	$1.61 PP	-
Lost Ember	1.4 TF2	$2.73 PP	-
Luck be a Landlord	1.0 TF2	$1.91 PP	-
METAL GEAR SOLID V: THE PHANTOM PAIN	1.2 TF2	$2.41 PP	-
METAL GEAR SOLID V: The Definitive Experience	2.0 TF2	$3.99 PP	-
MONSTER HUNTER RISE	4.2 TF2	$8.41 PP	-
MORTAL KOMBAT 11	1.6 TF2	$3.07 PP	-
MX vs ATV Reflex	0.6 TF2	$1.11 PP	-
Mad Max	1.1 TF2	$2.22 PP	-
Mafia II: Definitive Edition	3.0 TF2	$5.99 PP	-
Mafia III: Definitive Edition	2.1 TF2	$4.23 PP	-
Mafia: Definitive Edition	2.2 TF2	$4.3 PP	-
Magicka 2 - Deluxe Edition	1.0 TF2	$1.9 PP	-
Magicka 2	0.6 TF2	$1.16 PP	-
Magicka	0.4 TF2	$0.71 PP	-
Maneater	0.8 TF2	$1.6 PP	-
Mars Horizon	0.8 TF2	$1.52 PP	-
Marvel vs. Capcom: Infinite - Deluxe Edition	2.8 TF2	$5.56 PP	-
Mass Effect™ Legendary Edition	6.2 TF2	$12.21 PP	-
Max Payne 2: The Fall of Max Payne	0.7 TF2	$1.48 PP	-
Max Payne	1.0 TF2	$2.02 PP	-
MechWarrior 5: Mercenaries	2.5 TF2	$4.97 PP	-
Mega Man Legacy Collection 2	0.6 TF2	$1.25 PP	-
Mega Man Legacy Collection	0.4 TF2	$0.79 PP	-
Men of War: Assault Squad 2 - Deluxe Edition	0.8 TF2	$1.67 PP	-
Men of War: Assault Squad 2 War Chest Edition	0.8 TF2	$1.64 PP	-
Men of War: Assault Squad 2	0.8 TF2	$1.64 PP	-
Messenger	0.9 TF2	$1.72 PP	-
Metro 2033 Redux	0.7 TF2	$1.48 PP	-
Metro Exodus	1.7 TF2	$3.46 PP	-
Metro Redux Bundle	0.9 TF2	$1.78 PP	-
Metro: Last Light Redux	1.1 TF2	$2.14 PP	-
Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor Game of the Year Edition	1.0 TF2	$2.02 PP	-
Middle-earth™: Shadow of War™	0.7 TF2	$1.48 PP	-
Middleearth Shadow of War Definitive Edition	1.2 TF2	$2.34 PP	-
Mirror's Edge	3.8 TF2	$7.56 PP	-
Miscreated	1.5 TF2	$2.91 PP	-
Monster Hunter: World	3.4 TF2	$6.8 PP	-
Monster Sanctuary	0.6 TF2	$1.25 PP	-
Monster Train	0.5 TF2	$0.98 PP	-
Moonlighter	0.4 TF2	$0.81 PP	-
Moons of Madness	1.7 TF2	$3.43 PP	-
Mordhau	1.8 TF2	$3.56 PP	-
Mortal Kombat X	0.7 TF2	$1.32 PP	-
Mortal Shell	1.4 TF2	$2.72 PP	-
Motorcycle Mechanic Simulator 2021	1.1 TF2	$2.23 PP	-
Motorsport Manager	1.4 TF2	$2.73 PP	-
Move or Die	0.7 TF2	$1.44 PP	-
Moving Out	1.0 TF2	$1.9 PP	-
Mutant Year Zero: Road to Eden - Deluxe Edition	1.7 TF2	$3.28 PP	-
Mutant Year Zero: Road to Eden	1.8 TF2	$3.53 PP	-
My Friend Pedro	0.9 TF2	$1.76 PP	-
My Time At Portia	1.1 TF2	$2.11 PP	-
NARUTO SHIPPUDEN: Ultimate Ninja STORM 4 Road to Boruto	3.5 TF2	$6.89 PP	-
NASCAR Heat 5 - Ultimate Edition	0.6 TF2	$1.16 PP	-
Naruto Shippuden: Ultimate Ninja Storm 4	2.0 TF2	$3.9 PP	-
Naruto to Boruto Shinobi Striker - Deluxe Edition	1.6 TF2	$3.1 PP	-
Naruto to Boruto Shinobi Striker	0.4 TF2	$0.82 PP	-
Necromunda: Hired Gun	1.0 TF2	$1.97 PP	-
Neon Abyss	0.5 TF2	$0.94 PP	-
Neverwinter Nights: Complete Adventures	3.7 TF2	$7.26 PP	-
Nine Parchments	2.1 TF2	$4.22 PP	-
No Straight Roads: Encore Edition	1.3 TF2	$2.63 PP	-
No Time to Relax	3.7 TF2	$7.29 PP	-
Northgard	1.2 TF2	$2.38 PP	-
Not For Broadcast	0.6 TF2	$1.28 PP	-
ONE PIECE BURNING BLOOD	0.7 TF2	$1.44 PP	-
ONE PIECE PIRATE WARRIORS 3 Gold Edition	1.1 TF2	$2.12 PP	-
One Step From Eden	1.0 TF2	$1.98 PP	-
Opus Magnum	1.1 TF2	$2.09 PP	-
Orcs Must Die! 3	1.9 TF2	$3.81 PP	-
Outlast 2	0.8 TF2	$1.61 PP	-
Outward	1.5 TF2	$2.91 PP	-
Overcooked	0.8 TF2	$1.58 PP	-
Overcooked! 2	1.5 TF2	$2.91 PP	-
Overgrowth	0.8 TF2	$1.54 PP	-
PC Building Simulator	0.7 TF2	$1.41 PP	-
Paint the Town Red	3.6 TF2	$7.1 PP	-
Parkitect	6.5 TF2	$12.85 PP	-
Pathfinder: Kingmaker - Enhanced Plus Edition	0.6 TF2	$1.24 PP	-
Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous	1.4 TF2	$2.79 PP	-
Pathologic 2	0.5 TF2	$1.03 PP	-
Pathologic Classic HD	0.6 TF2	$1.13 PP	-
Per Aspera	0.7 TF2	$1.37 PP	-
Pikuniku	0.7 TF2	$1.48 PP	-
Pillars of Eternity Definitive Edition	1.4 TF2	$2.87 PP	-
Pillars of Eternity II: Deadfire	1.0 TF2	$2.02 PP	-
Pistol Whip	6.2 TF2	$12.21 PP	-
Plague Inc: Evolved	1.6 TF2	$3.2 PP	-
Planescape: Torment: Enhanced Edition	0.4 TF2	$0.76 PP	-
Planet Coaster	1.8 TF2	$3.63 PP	-
Planet Zoo	2.1 TF2	$4.17 PP	-
Planetary Annihilation: TITANS	7.1 TF2	$14.13 PP	-
Power Rangers: Battle for the Grid	2.7 TF2	$5.42 PP	-
PowerBeatsVR	1.0 TF2	$1.97 PP	-
PowerSlave Exhumed	1.4 TF2	$2.74 PP	-
Praey for the Gods	0.5 TF2	$0.9 PP	-
Prehistoric Kingdom	1.3 TF2	$2.51 PP	-
Prison Architect	0.4 TF2	$0.88 PP	-
Pro Cycling Manager 2019	1.3 TF2	$2.58 PP	-
Project Hospital	2.4 TF2	$4.72 PP	-
Project Wingman	1.6 TF2	$3.25 PP	-
Project Winter	1.5 TF2	$2.88 PP	-
Propnight	0.7 TF2	$1.37 PP	-
Pumpkin Jack	0.4 TF2	$0.83 PP	-
Quantum Break	2.6 TF2	$5.14 PP	-
RESIDENT EVIL 3	2.4 TF2	$4.76 PP	-
RUGBY 20	1.3 TF2	$2.55 PP	-
RUINER	0.5 TF2	$1.04 PP	-
RWBY: Grimm Eclipse	3.7 TF2	$7.42 PP	-
Ragnaröck	3.5 TF2	$6.84 PP	-
Railway Empire	0.4 TF2	$0.8 PP	-
Rain World	0.9 TF2 Refer To My Other Thread	$1.69 PP Refer To My Other Thread	Must-Play Metroidvanias Bundle
Raw Data	1.1 TF2	$2.14 PP	-
Re:Legend	1.0 TF2	$1.94 PP	-
Red Matter	4.5 TF2	$8.86 PP	-
Remnant: From the Ashes - Complete Edition	2.2 TF2 Refer To My Other Thread	$4.43 PP Refer To My Other Thread	Humble Choice (Jun 2023)
Resident Evil / biohazard HD REMASTER	1.1 TF2	$2.09 PP	-
Resident Evil 0 / biohazard 0 HD Remaster	1.2 TF2	$2.31 PP	-
Resident Evil 5 GOLD Edition	1.5 TF2	$3.0 PP	-
Resident Evil 5	1.0 TF2	$1.95 PP	-
Resident Evil 6	1.4 TF2	$2.78 PP	-
Resident Evil: Revelations 2 Deluxe Edition	2.4 TF2	$4.84 PP	-
Resident Evil: Revelations	1.0 TF2	$1.93 PP	-
Retro Machina	0.5 TF2	$1.01 PP	-
Risen 3 - Complete Edition	1.0 TF2	$2.02 PP	-
Risen	0.6 TF2	$1.25 PP	-
Rising Storm 2: Vietnam	0.7 TF2	$1.33 PP	-
River City Girls	1.4 TF2	$2.83 PP	-
Roboquest	0.5 TF2	$1.05 PP	-
Rollercoaster Tycoon 2: Triple Thrill Pack	1.6 TF2	$3.16 PP	-
Rubber Bandits	0.8 TF2	$1.5 PP	-
Ryse: Son of Rome	1.7 TF2	$3.32 PP	-
SCP: Pandemic	2.4 TF2	$4.85 PP	-
SCUM	3.5 TF2	$6.86 PP	-
SOMA	3.3 TF2	$6.51 PP	-
SONG OF HORROR Complete Edition	1.0 TF2	$1.92 PP	-
STAR WARS® THE FORCE UNLEASHED II	0.9 TF2	$1.69 PP	-
STAR WARS®: Knights of the Old Republic™ II - The Sith Lords™	0.4 TF2	$0.76 PP	-
STAR WARS™: Squadrons	1.6 TF2	$3.14 PP	-
SUPERHOT VR	2.3 TF2	$4.46 PP	-
SUPERHOT	0.8 TF2	$1.57 PP	-
SUPERHOT: MIND CONTROL DELETE	0.5 TF2	$0.98 PP	-
Saint's Row The Third Remastered	2.4 TF2	$4.81 PP	-
Saints Row 2	0.8 TF2	$1.5 PP	-
Saints Row IV Game of the Century Edition	1.3 TF2	$2.6 PP	-
Saints Row IV	1.1 TF2	$2.23 PP	-
Saints Row the Third - The Full Package	1.0 TF2	$1.91 PP	-
Saints Row: The Third	0.7 TF2	$1.46 PP	-
Salt and Sanctuary	1.1 TF2	$2.14 PP	-
Sanctum 2	0.5 TF2	$1.05 PP	-
Satisfactory	6.8 TF2	$13.49 PP	-
Scarlet Nexus	2.9 TF2	$5.75 PP	-
Scribblenauts Unlimited	0.4 TF2	$0.76 PP	-
Secret Neighbor	0.9 TF2	$1.74 PP	-
Serious Sam 2	0.8 TF2	$1.57 PP	-
Serious Sam 3: BFE	1.0 TF2	$1.95 PP	-
Serious Sam 4	4.7 TF2	$9.3 PP	-
Serious Sam: Siberian Mayhem	2.3 TF2	$4.47 PP	-
Severed Steel	1.7 TF2	$3.46 PP	-
Shadow Man Remastered	1.1 TF2	$2.11 PP	-
Shadow Tactics: Blades of the Shogun	0.4 TF2	$0.85 PP	-
Shadow Warrior 2	0.9 TF2	$1.74 PP	-
Shadow of the Tomb Raider	3.1 TF2	$6.15 PP	-
Shenmue 3	1.3 TF2	$2.55 PP	-
Shenmue I & II	1.3 TF2	$2.55 PP	-
Shining Resonance Refrain	0.4 TF2	$0.81 PP	-
Sid Meier's Civilization V	0.6 TF2	$1.25 PP	-
Sid Meier's Civilization VI : Platinum Edition	3.1 TF2	$6.22 PP	-
Sid Meier's Civilization VI	0.7 TF2	$1.43 PP	-
Sid Meier's Civilization® V: The Complete Edition	1.9 TF2	$3.71 PP	-
Sid Meiers Civilization IV: The Complete Edition	0.8 TF2	$1.5 PP	-
Siege of Centauri	0.6 TF2	$1.15 PP	-
SimCasino	1.3 TF2	$2.54 PP	-
SimplePlanes	2.0 TF2	$3.89 PP	-
Skullgirls 2nd Encore	1.8 TF2	$3.62 PP	-
Slap City	1.1 TF2	$2.23 PP	-
Slay the Spire	3.1 TF2	$6.22 PP	-
Sleeping Dogs: Definitive Edition	0.9 TF2	$1.81 PP	-
Slime Rancher	1.9 TF2	$3.8 PP	-
Sniper Elite 3	0.9 TF2	$1.87 PP	-
Sniper Elite 4	1.4 TF2	$2.69 PP	-
Sniper Elite V2 Remastered	1.4 TF2	$2.86 PP	-
Sniper Elite V2	1.0 TF2	$2.0 PP	-
Sniper Ghost Warrior 3	0.8 TF2	$1.58 PP	-
Sniper Ghost Warrior Contracts	0.9 TF2	$1.85 PP	-
Sonic Adventure DX	0.7 TF2	$1.39 PP	-
Sonic Adventure™ 2	1.5 TF2	$2.91 PP	-
Sonic Mania	1.5 TF2	$3.06 PP	-
Soul Calibur VI	1.6 TF2	$3.2 PP	-
Source of Madness	0.6 TF2	$1.12 PP	-
Space Engineers	2.6 TF2	$5.24 PP	-
Space Haven	0.6 TF2	$1.13 PP	-
Spec Ops: The Line	0.9 TF2	$1.79 PP	-
SpeedRunners	0.5 TF2	$1.02 PP	-
Spelunky	1.1 TF2	$2.22 PP	-
Spirit Of The Island	1.5 TF2	$2.88 PP	-
SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom - Rehydrated	1.1 TF2	$2.13 PP	-
Spyro™ Reignited Trilogy	4.8 TF2	$9.55 PP	-
Star Renegades	2.9 TF2	$5.82 PP	-
Star Trek: Bridge Crew	4.3 TF2	$8.55 PP	-
Star Wars: Battlefront 2 (Classic, 2005)	0.4 TF2	$0.84 PP	-
Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic	0.4 TF2	$0.76 PP	-
Star Wars® Empire at War™: Gold Pack	1.1 TF2	$2.15 PP	-
Star Wars®: Jedi Knight®: Jedi Academy™	0.4 TF2	$0.73 PP	-
Starbound	1.4 TF2	$2.83 PP	-
State of Decay 2: Juggernaut Edition	3.1 TF2	$6.21 PP	-
Staxel	0.6 TF2	$1.11 PP	-
SteamWorld Quest: Hand of Gilgamech	0.5 TF2	$1.06 PP	-
Steel Division: Normandy 44	2.2 TF2	$4.36 PP	-
Stellaris Galaxy Edition	4.9 TF2	$9.61 PP	-
Stellaris	4.1 TF2	$8.07 PP	-
Stellaris: Lithoids Species Pack	1.0 TF2	$1.95 PP	-
Stick Fight: The Game	0.6 TF2	$1.27 PP	-
Strange Brigade	0.5 TF2	$0.9 PP	-
Strategic Command WWII: World at War	2.1 TF2	$4.21 PP	-
Street Fighter 30th Anniversary Collection	2.4 TF2	$4.77 PP	-
Stronghold 2: Steam Edition	1.9 TF2	$3.73 PP	-
Stronghold Crusader 2	1.0 TF2	$1.89 PP	-
Stronghold Crusader HD	0.6 TF2	$1.16 PP	-
Stronghold Legends: Steam Edition	0.9 TF2	$1.74 PP	-
Styx: Shards Of Darkness	0.9 TF2	$1.74 PP	-
Subnautica	3.5 TF2	$7.0 PP	-
Summer in Mara	0.5 TF2	$1.04 PP	-
Sunless Sea	0.9 TF2	$1.85 PP	-
Sunless Skies	1.1 TF2	$2.18 PP	-
Sunset Overdrive	1.8 TF2	$3.56 PP	-
Super Meat Boy	0.5 TF2	$1.07 PP	-
Superliminal	2.0 TF2	$3.88 PP	-
Supraland Six Inches Under	1.1 TF2	$2.23 PP	-
Supreme Commander 2	0.8 TF2	$1.58 PP	-
Surgeon Simulator: Experience Reality	1.7 TF2	$3.44 PP	-
Survive the Nights	0.8 TF2	$1.63 PP	-
Surviving the Aftermath	0.7 TF2	$1.4 PP	-
Sword Art Online Fatal Bullet - Complete Edition	3.2 TF2	$6.32 PP	-
Sword Art Online Hollow Realization Deluxe Edition	1.5 TF2	$2.97 PP	-
Syberia: The World Before	1.1 TF2	$2.25 PP	-
Synth Riders	3.5 TF2	$6.87 PP	-
TEKKEN 7	1.4 TF2	$2.74 PP	-
TT Isle of Man Ride on the Edge 2	1.7 TF2	$3.38 PP	-
Tales from the Borderlands	3.8 TF2	$7.49 PP	-
Tales of Berseria	1.1 TF2	$2.09 PP	-
Talisman: Digital Edition	0.4 TF2	$0.87 PP	-
Tank Mechanic Simulator	1.1 TF2	$2.14 PP	-
Telltale Batman Shadows Edition	1.4 TF2	$2.83 PP	-
Terraforming Mars	0.6 TF2	$1.28 PP	-
Terraria	2.2 TF2	$4.31 PP	-
The Ascent	1.1 TF2	$2.1 PP	-
The Battle of Polytopia	0.5 TF2	$0.9 PP	-
The Beast Inside	0.4 TF2	$0.76 PP	-
The Blackout Club	0.6 TF2	$1.11 PP	-
The Dark Pictures Anthology: Little Hope	2.1 TF2	$4.21 PP	-
The Dark Pictures Anthology: Man of Medan	2.2 TF2	$4.37 PP	-
The Darkness II	0.6 TF2	$1.09 PP	-
The Dungeon Of Naheulbeuk: The Amulet Of Chaos	0.8 TF2	$1.5 PP	-
The Escapists 2	1.0 TF2	$1.97 PP	-
The Escapists	0.5 TF2	$1.08 PP	-
The Henry Stickmin Collection	0.7 TF2	$1.43 PP	-
The Incredible Adventures of Van Helsing Final Cut	1.3 TF2	$2.64 PP	-
The Intruder	2.1 TF2	$4.23 PP	-
The Jackbox Party Pack 2	2.0 TF2	$3.96 PP	-
The Jackbox Party Pack 3	2.8 TF2	$5.62 PP	-
The Jackbox Party Pack 4	2.1 TF2	$4.07 PP	-
The Jackbox Party Pack 5	3.1 TF2	$6.06 PP	-
The Jackbox Party Pack	1.1 TF2	$2.14 PP	-
The LEGO Movie 2 Videogame	0.4 TF2	$0.79 PP	-
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The Dutch independent investigative journalism platform 'Follow the Money' wrote a article about Patagonia.
"Sustainable clothing brand Patagonia manufactures in the same factories as fast-fashion; textile workers are being exploited"
Clothing brand Patagonia seems to be doing everything right: for its employees, for the people who make the clothes and for the environment. The company’s image – they say they’re in business to save our home planet – is very different from fast-fashion brands like asos, Primark and Nike. But Patagonia’s clothes are manufactured in exactly the same factories and under the same deplorable conditions.
When Yvon Chouinard started creating climbing equipment in his parents’ backyard in Burbank, California, he used steel. Soon he earned a reputation for making the ‘best’ climbing equipment in America. But every time a climber slammed one of those steel pegs into a rock, the gap got a little bigger and eventually unusable. Chouinard realised he was making money by destroying the rocks and therefore also the sport. And so he switched to aluminium blocks, which did not damagethe rocks.
The change was expensive and risky for the young company, but the moral dilemma was reason enough for Chouinard to implement the change. And to be very outspoken about it. It was a success: within a year, 40 per cent of the US climbing community stopped using steel.
Chouinard applied this experience when he started the outdoor brand Patagonia in 1973. He wanted to make only high-quality clothing that would last. And limit the impact on the environment as much as possible. In 1996, the brand switched to 100 per cent organic cotton, only to increasingly replace it with recycled materials. But the responsibility that Chouinard attributed to the company extended further.
In 2002 he decided to give one per cent of sales to environmental organisations every year. In 2011, Patagonia placed a full-page ad in the New York Times calling on consumers to ‘not buy this jacket’ in order to draw attention to the problematic nature of overconsumption in the clothing industry.
In addition, the clothing had to be manufactured fairly: in 2012, the top of the company made paying living wages to everyone who makes Patagonia products a ‘priority’. In 2020, Patagonia launched a campaign encouraging consumers to demand more from clothing brands: ‘Demand recycled. Demand organic. Demand Fair Trade,’ Patagonia urged its viewers.
In 2022, the then 84-year-old Chouinard caused worldwide astonishment, when he gave away 98 per cent of his shares to a newly formed NGO, the Holdfast Collective, which is ‘committed in its fight against the environmental crisis and protecting nature.’ Henceforth, the company’s profits would no longer flow to himself or his children but to the climate. ‘Earth is now our only shareholder,’ Chouinard said. Billionaire gives company away to climate, newspapers like The New York Times, The Washington Post and The Guardian reported*.*
This construction saved the NGO an estimated 700 million dollars that Chouinard would have had to pay in tax if he had sold the company and donated the proceeds to the same NGO. But according to Chouinard, this option allowed him to do something else: protect Patagonia’s values. Because he did not give the voting shares to Holdfast Collective but to a family trust. This allows his family to continue determining the company’s direction.
The company’s turnover – its European headquarters are in Amsterdam − grew by more than 50 per cent that year to about 1.5 billion dollars.
The actions earned Patagonia an image as being the ultimate sustainable frontrunner. In April, Time Magazine named Chouinard one of the world’s 100 most influential people. ‘Patagonia is a company people look up to in awe,’ the magazine wrote.
The complete opposite of Patagonia is a company like Primark. The Irish retail chain is known for selling on-trend low-quality clothes at low prices. Its revenue model is based on mass: high volumes with low margins.
Primark continuously creates new garment collections designed to be worn only a few times, after which they fall apart. The company uses advertising, clearance sales and influencers to urge consumers to keep buying as much as possible.
Media regularly report on the subsequent consequences. One, in particular, is that the people who make the clothes suffer from high production pressure at low cost. ‘Primark supplier accused of locking up factory workers in Myanmar protests,’ The Guardian headline read in 2021. That same year, The Clean Clothes Campaign NGO wrote: ‘Primark uses pandemic to put further pressure on factory workers in manufacturing countries.’
Patagonia and Primark seem like two extremes on the slow versus fast-fashion spectrum. Yet the brands have something in common. Some of their clothing is manufactured in the exact same factory.
PATAGONIA IN AMSTERDAM In 2014, Patagonia moved its European headquarters from Annecy town in the French Alps to Amsterdam. Reflecting on this, current CEO Ryan Gellert told the city marketing website I Amsterdam: ‘We established headquarters here in 2014 because we wanted a place where we could attract and retain pan-European and global talent, [...] and where there was an active community working on sustainability issues. As we searched potential locations across Europe, Amsterdam remained high on our list.’
According to Tax Law Professor Jan van de Streek, tax benefits may also have played a role in the choice of the Netherlands. This is because Patagonia did not register in the Netherlands as a BV but as a cooperative with two US members: Patagonia International Inc and Patagonia Global LLC. ‘Why choose something as strange as a cooperative structure?’ Van de Streek remarks to Follow the Money. ‘Because it is exempt from dividend tax. I think it’s naive to think there’s any other reason for that.’
Responding to questions about this, Patagonia said: ‘Since its inception, Patagonia Europe Coöperatief has paid regular corporate income taxes in all European countries where we do business, including the Netherlands, and has never used the tax efficiencies of a cooperative.’
‘At the suggestion of our advisors', Patagonia chose a cooperative structure ‘because it's the most flexible type of entity that suited our business purpose. However, Patagonia has chosen not to pursue any of the tax advantages available under the cooperative entity type. Patagonia Europe has not paid dividends to its parent company.'

‘No difference’

That factory is called Regal Image and is located in Sri Lanka. To be precise, in the Free Trade Zone of Katunayake, less than two kilometres from the international airport. The industrial estate is guarded 24/7 by Sri Lankan police. Access is only possible with a special pass.
In the factory hall, there are long tables with pieces of white fabric on them. An employee walks past with sea-green paint and a stencil forming the letters ‘asics’. Further along, a machine prints a grey logo on a purple tank top for Decathlon.
‘So far, we don’t really notice any difference between working with Patagonia and working with Primark or Decathlon,’ says Kevin Fernando. Fernando is the manager at the factory, which dyes, prints or embroiders logos and prints on fabrics. Regal Image was recently approved as a supplier to Patagonia, a process that took nine months. Fernando shows the designs for the 2024 summer collection. Light blue fabric features ‘Patagonia’ in pink letters, and a rainbow is printed on orange fabric.
‘Like most clothing companies, we do not make our products, nor do we own any of the factories that do,’ Patagonia writes on its website about the decision to outsource the manufacturing process. ‘We design, test, market and sell Patagonia gear. These are our areas of strength. We pay other companies [...] to produce fabrics and do the actual cutting and sewing.’

‘No control over working conditions’

Patagonia promises to only partner with factories that are ‘like-minded’ and who share their ‘philosophy.’ Patagonia has found sixty-one suitable factories: two in the US, one in Portugal and the remainder in 12 different low-wage countries. The bulk of the products are made in Vietnam and Sri Lanka.
At least two-thirds of the factories that manufacture Patagonia clothing also work for clothing brands that, according to the consumer website Good on You, have little or no sustainability policies in place (Patagonia itself is touted by Good on You as sustainable). This is evident from an analysis by Follow the Money based on data from Open Supply Hub, which aims to make supply chains in the clothing industry more transparent.
One day people make clothing for Patagonia, and the next day, they make items for brands such as GAP, Levi Strauss, Calvin Klein, Hugo Boss, Tommy Hilfiger, Nike, Amer Sports, Asics, US department store chain Target, e-commerce platform Amazon, supermarket Aldi and fast-fashion icons ASOS, Boohoo, H&M and Zara.
‘How is this possible?’ visual culture professor Anneke Smelik responds. Smelik researches sustainable fashion at Radboud University. ‘I know Patagonia as the most sustainable brand out there. I expected them to manufacture in small factories close to home. This means they have absolutely no control over working conditions.’
PATAGONIA IN SRI LANKA Patagonia works with 14 factories in Sri Lanka that are part of (or partner with) two companies: MAS Holdings and the Hirdaramani Group.
MAS Holdings was founded in 1987 by three brothers: Mahesh, Ajay and Sharad Amalean. The company began manufacturing lingerie and later expanded to sportswear, swimwear and T-shirts. With factories in 17 countries and roughly 2.4 billion dollars in turnover by 2022, MAS is Sri Lanka’s largest clothing manufacturer. The Amalean brothers are among the wealthiest men in the country.
The company emphatically presents itself as a sustainable clothing manufacturer. For instance, the company promises to emit 25 per cent less CO2 by 2025 than in 2019, and CEO Suren Fernando expects the group to earn half its revenue from sustainable products by then.
In May 2023, MAS received a Presidential Environment Award from President Ranil Wickremesinghe for the company’s commitment to the environment. The company describes the welfare of its employees as ‘its top priority’. On the subject of paying a living wage, the company makes no promises.
In the early 1900s, Parmanand Hirdaramani, then 16 years old, started a clothing shop in Sri Lanka’s capital Colombo. Today, his great-grandson Aroon Hirdaramani runs the Hirdaramani Group, which has grown into an international clothing conglomerate with factories in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Vietnam and a turnover of around 900 million US dollars.
Hirdaramani also presents itself as a sustainable producer. The company’s website states: ‘At Hirdaramani, we do the right thing. We have always done that. It’s about making good decisions today that benefit everyone in the long run.’
Since 2019, all Hirdaramani factories in Sri Lanka have been producing climate neutrally. For 2025, the company has set several targets on material use, water use, waste and leadership. Paying a living or higher wage is not a target.
In 2016, Aroon Hirdaramani and his wife Mona surfaced in the Pandora Papers. It emerged that Hirdaramani owned two investment companies in the British Virgin Islands. The reason for this is unclear. The fact is that companies based there do not have to pay tax on income, profits, dividends and interest, among other things.

Sixteen-hour workdays

Eligibility to manufacture Patagonia products requires a supplier to meet a list of sustainability criteria. Those criteria are set out in a code of conduct for suppliers. For example, child labour, forced labour, or physical, sexual or verbal harassment are not allowed. All national laws must be respected. Suppliers must respect workers’ right to freedom of association, may not force workers to work overtime and must ensure healthy working conditions. Working weeks of more than 60 hours or more than six days in a row is not acceptable to Patagonia.
Patagonia checks whether a factory complies with these standards through independent auditor visits at least once a year, says the brand after being questioned by Follow the Money. Checks are also carried out by the Fair Labor Association (FLA) and FairTrade: two NGOs that provide Patagonia’s manufacturing process and clothing with a sustainability label.
A part of those audits is public. Since 2016, the FLA has publishedassessments of seven Patagonia factories, including three in Vietnam, three in Sri Lanka and one in China. During those inspections, auditors found dozens of violations, varying greatly in severity.
For instance, almost 2000 employees at a factory in Vietnam were paid less for their overtime than what they should have received and employees’ ages were not recorded (thus child labour cannot be ruled out). Another check found out that applicants had to provide their menstrual date. Employees told the interviewers they were not allowed to become pregnant in the first six months of their employment. Less serious violations dealt with issues such as working without protective equipment, blocked emergency exits, or a lack of policies on harassment or discrimination.
One problem crops up in every report. Textile workers in factories manufacturing clothes for Patagonia work far longer hours than legally permitted: up to 17 hours a day and more than 80 hours a week, well beyond what is permissible according to Patagonia’s code of conduct.
‘Long working hours with insufficient breaks often lead to health problems,’ the Clean Clothes Campaign recently wrote about this issue. ‘Managers pressure employees to work 10- to 12-hour and sometimes even 16- to 18-hour days. The number of hours increases as the deadline approaches. Those who protest are simply fired. Moreover, workers depend on overtime to supplement their low wages.’
At the Regal Image factory in Sri Lanka, manager Fernando assures that his employees work a maximum of five days a week and 10 hours a day. But during the tour, a line manager starts talking about the duration of his shift: from eight in the morning to a quarter to 10 in the evening – almost 14 hours. ‘It’s busy,’ says Fernando, casually.
‘This is what the fast-fashion model does,’ says Smelik. ‘Brands want their products to be in store within a few weeks. So when a factory receives an order from such a brand, the production targets and overtime skyrocket.’

‘They talk to us like we are animals’

The office of Stand Up Lanka, a union led by Ashila Niroshine Dandeniya, is located just outside the Free-Trade Zone. She started working in a MAS factory, part of MAS Holdings that is a supplier to Patagonia, in 2003. Her colleagues elected her to represent them as a member of the factory’s employees council. But when she addressed the matter of wages, she was fired. She challenged her dismissal, got compensation, and discovered that there were laws in place to protect people like her.
Now, almost 20 years later, she knows Sri Lankan labour law like the back of her hand. Her office is a hexagon with five windows, all open. Textile workers from nearby factories approach her via these windows to greet her or ask for help.
When a transman walks past, she says, ‘He applied to MAS Shadowline [one of Patagonia’s suppliers, ed] a month ago. They said they didn’t want him because he is transgender. He can’t get work anywhere. And he cannot go back to his village because he is Muslim. His family will shoot him.’
When about six women wearing yellow MAS polos come and ask for a food parcel, Dandeniya shakes her head. ‘We don’t have enough. Since the country’s economic crisis, some families barely eat two meals a day. How am I supposed to choose who can eat and who can’t?’
That evening, she introduces Priya (31). Priya has been working for MAS Shadowline for almost two years, sewing the side seams on leggings or T-shirts. She makes many clothes for yoga brand Lululemon and for Lacoste (famous through the crocodile logo), but sometimes also for Patagonia.
‘The worst part is the scolding,’ she says in her home a few streets away: a room of about 12 square metres. It contains a double bed, a small kitchenette and a wardrobe. Despite the fan on the wall, it is sweltering hot inside. She shares a toilet and a shower with others.
‘My supervisor’s manager is a terrible man. He touches everyone in a bad way, and if you say you don’t want that, you have a problem. He yells at me if I have to go to the bank or the doctor. “Then who will do the work? Who will meet the target?” And he’s not the only one. They talk to us like we are animals.’
When asked about her production targets, she breathes a deep sigh. ‘The other day, Lululemon placed a huge order, and now everyone is stressed. On the first day, we had to make seventy items per hour, but on the second day, it was suddenly a hundred. Otherwise, we won’t make the delivery date.’ During the working day, she does not drink water so that she does not waste time going to the toilet. Despite this, she seldom meets the target. And that means: no bonus.
Without that bonus, Priya earns 32,000 rupees a month (97 euros). Her room costs 7,000 rupees (21 euros), and a meal 300 rupees (1 euro). She has no money left for other things.
‘Since the crisis, we are increasingly hearing stories from our members of textile workers using drugs,’ says Dandeniya. ‘Also in MAS factories that Patagonia works with. They use it to work faster. Sometimes also against the hunger.’
Chamila Thushari, union leader of Dabindu Collective, confirms the story. ‘They use Ice (Crystal Meth) or Babul.’ She points to her collar and to the sole of her shoe. ‘This is how they smuggle it in. The management knows this happens but allows it. All they care about is production targets are being met.’
An employee of a third union, GTZ-GSEU, confirms that drug use among textile workers in the Free Trade Zone is a problem.
Patagonia says these claims are ‘new’ to them and ‘serious’, but says, without evidence, it cannot comment.

A living wage

That Patagonia, known for being sustainable, has its clothes manufactured in the same factories as other much less sustainable brands is seen as an advantage by the company. ‘Patagonia has a powerful brand voice, but we are a quite small player in the apparel sector. Therefore, we are always looking for ways to scale our impact and to elevate the industry standards across the board, bringing other apparel retailers along on the journey with us. So, continuing to engage in shared production facilities is crucial to this work.’
Patagonia wants all people who make clothes to earn a decent wage. In 2015, the company promised that within 10 years, all employees in its supply chain would be earning a living wage that would be enough to live on. That is, enough for food, water, housing, education, healthcare, transport and other essential needs.
With 18 months to go, only 40 per cent of its factories pay a living wage, according to Patagonia. They would not reveal the factories concerned. Suppliers reportedly ‘have the right to maintain their factories’ wage data confidential’.
Patagonia wants all people who make clothes to earn a decent wage. In 2015, the company promised that within 10 years, all employees in its supply chain would be earning a living wage that would be enough to live on. That is, enough for food, water, housing, education, healthcare, transport and other essential needs.
With 18 months to go, only 40 per cent of its factories pay a living wage, according to Patagonia. They would not reveal the factories concerned. Suppliers reportedly ‘have the right to maintain their factories’ wage data confidential’.
To determine a living wage, Patagonia uses the Anker Research Institute’s calculation method. According to that method, you can live decently in urban Sri Lanka if you earn a minimum of 83,231 Sri Lankan rupees (263 euro) a month. Priya’s salary does not even cover half that. And at the recently approved Regal Image print factory, the basic wage is even lower: 21,000 rupees (66 euro), says Fernando.
Thulsi Narayanasamy is frustrated by Patagonia’s approach to sustainability. She is director of advocacy at the Worker Rights Consortium, an independent non-profit organization that monitors and investigates labor conditions in the global apparel and textile industry. ‘Patagonia spends millions on green initiatives. Why can’t they pay the people who make their clothes properly?’
Patagonia says it ‘has no authority over how much textile workers get paid, as they are in no way, shape or form the employer of these workers.’ Narayanasamy, however, is convinced Patagonia can pay a living wage, if the brand would want to. ‘They could bring production in-house or pay more to suppliers that’s ringfenced for wages high enough to achieve a living income. It’s so well established that brand’s pricing practices directly impact wage levels, it’s a fallacy to deny this.’
‘I think we should ask ourselves: why don't clothing brands have their own factories?’ She asks the question, then answers it. 'Brands don't want to be responsible for the people who produce their clothes. All brands benefit from that, including Patagonia.
RESPONSE FROM PATAGONIA When asked why it does not pay its suppliers more for decent wages for workers, Patagonia replied: ‘Relying on one brand to simply cover the gap is a band-aid solution and does not serve the factory in the long run. If the one brand that pays the gap were to leave the factory, then those wages for workers would go away, leaving the factory with a shortfall they would not be able to cover. Additionally, if the brand just writes a check to the factory, then there is no guarantee that the money would go towards workers’ wages. The brand has no authority over how much workers get paid as they are in no way, shape or form the employer of those workers.’
About the long working hours, Patagonia says: ‘Excessive overtime is pervasive globally, which is why it is audited regularly. If we find a problem that can be resolved, we work with our factory partners to implement sustainable solutions. This can take many years, but we find this is the best outcome for the workers and the factory.’
In response to the allegations about drug use among textile workers, Patagonia says: ‘These are serious and new allegations, however without evidence, we are not able to comment on them. We are continuing to conduct our ongoing monitoring program and we remain committed to addressing systemic issues to ensure workers’ wellbeing across our supply chain.’
Link to the article: https://www.ftm.eu/articles/sustainable-clothing-brand-patagonia-uses-same-suppliers-fast-fashion-brands-do-workers-exploited?share=p8cq84oSmbUiJtEQUObUZSPZh8ZNReEKHj0wGJnBMQUMqLcwK9PC1kpMJCev5Mo%3D%26utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=sharebuttonnietleden&utm_source=linkbutton
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Hey guys, so I know decisions are coming out next week and wanted to see if you guys think I have a good shot?
Stats:
Academics: Currently at Penn State (TX resident though) 3.94 GPA 58 credits (24 AP/Dual, 34 university) Took many challenging courses freshman year, stats, calc, CS, which will hopefully help since I applied for the BS
ECs: - Cashier at pretzel shop last summer - Journalist intern for the Borgen Project (economic policy analysis) - Crew member for Five Guys most of my freshman year - General member of Liberal Arts Student Council (was on a few committees) - General member and later treasurer of vaccine info club (spoke at vaccine info forums) - Alumni outreach associate and later university outreach coordinator for PSUEA (Penn State Economics Association) - Involved in my dorm floor’s LLC - Fellow and later Director of Partnerships for the Institute for Youth in Policy (research paper, policy brief in addition to policy workshops)

• Not many HS ECs (a big reason as to why I think I was CAPPED freshman year, tried to change that up this year)

Essays: 1st one was about how I took last year’s rejections as fuel to be better, become more well-rounded 2nd one was pretty niche, talked about how I would rework our current property tax structure.
LOR(s): Only 1 from my manager at Borgen.
Other decisions: U of H - Accepted A&M - Rejected (they said it was because I needed Calc II and I thought I only needed Calc I 💀) Georgetown - Waitlisted Northeastern - TBD George Washington- TBD
Thank you guys for taking the time to read through this and best of luck! Hook ‘em!

A short selection to get people started on their Lokean journey or to answer questions for non-Lokeans. Please submit other resources to the subreddit so it can be included in this list
Queer Loki reading list
Mod post: It’s not upg or controversial to call Loki queer or lgbtqa here](https://www.reddit.com/lokean/comments/rhsih7/mod_post_its_not_upg_or_controversial_to_call/) mod post

• Loki’s gender fluidity and bisexuality in Norse mythology and in modern adaptations academia
  
• Loki: Thoughts on the Nature of the God, a Queer Reading academia
  
• Queer Themes In Old Norse Myth (MLitt Dissertation) academia
  
• The Marriage of Þorr: Violence and Transformation Queer Disrupt: Mystical Transformations - Gender in Mythology and the Occult, a academia
  
• Why my Gods are Queer blog post (sadly broken link if you’re the author it was a great post) https://web.archive.org/web/20201101080941/https://www.historicaloracle.ca/post/why-my-gods-are-queer
  
• An examination of gender in viking age Scandinavia blog post
  
• Kennings, Heiti, and Other Alternate Names for Loki - blog post
  
• Queer Ancestor Veneration rituals and Poems blog post
  
• Queer Deities in Northern Paganism blog post (sadly another broken link sorry.)
  
• What Loki thinks of LGBT blog post
  
• Queer Loki poem blog post
  
• Queer Asgard Folk blog post
  
• Vikings are Gay history podcast podcast
  
• Bury Your Gays: queer readings of Viking Age material culture academia
  
• Intersex Conditions in the Viking Age academia
  
• Gender Bending In Viking, Ancient Greek, And Egyptian mythology blog post
  
• Óðinn: A Queer tyr? A Study of Óðinn's Function in Iron Age Scandinavia. MA thesis academia
  

What is a Lokean and other FAQs or important articles

• Lokeans what we really look like
  
• Lokean Welcoming Committee FAQ
  
• What is a Lokean?
  
• Godspouse FAQ
  
• Reading List and resources
  
• Reading List 2
  
• Self-care and Wellbeing List
  
• So you want to worship the heathen gods and not be a racist?
  
• Recognizing fascism in Heathenry. Dog Whistles and subtle ideologies
  
• Fascist Pagan Watch on Galina and Raven and statement by a ex-follower of theirs
  
• Community Post: Warning signs of Spiritual Abuse and bullying
  

Loki worship tips and advice
Offerings, Altars, Crafts, Symbols, Herbs, Animals, Prayers

• Kennings, Heiti, and Other Alternate Names for Loki
  
• Lokean Welcoming Committee - Offering Recipes
  
• How to set up an Altar
  
• The Simple Beauty of Rock Art Altars
  
• Lokean Altar Gallery
  
• what kinds of food does Loki like? I heard he likes spicy things, but I'm not sure if that's just a UPG
  
• How does one blot?
  
• Lokean arts and crafts
  
• Loki Offerings Questions
  
• I have a question about devotional clothing and jewelry.
  
• Loki Poems and Prayers
  
• Small Devotional Acts to Loki
  
• Loki Plants for spells and worship
  
• La Vida Loka – El primer blog lokeano en español
  
• Symbols for Loki
  
• Animals associated with Loki
  

Sacred Dates

• July, Sirius, and Loki known as Lokabrenna (Lokis Torch) the star’s movements in July are celebrated as a time for Loki rituals.
  
• Loki’s Holiday — Dec. 13th
  
• Devotional Days of Yule- Dec 23rd – Loki and Sigyn
  
• Loki Sponge Cake Day - Sept 4th
  
• Question: Does Loki have a season he favors? Like is he associated with a season of any kind
  
• Loki Mischief Day April 1st
  
• Ranting Recon: What Are The Heathen Holidays?
  

Communication, Discernment, Divination

• Communication with Gods
  
• Developing the Godphone
  
• Talking to Loki: Communication and Discernment Reference Post
  
• Talking to Loki
  
• Thoughts and methods: Communicating with Loki
  
• When Godphones Ring – Discernment for Pagans
  
• Means of Divination
  
• Gods and Pendulum
  
• Fire Scrying Ritual
  
• Fire: A Guided Visualisation
  
• Druid Grove guided meditation
  
• Tasseography Symbol Meanings for Reading Coffee or Tea Leaves (and clouds)
  
• The magic wands of Viking seeresses?
  
• A Pocket Guide to Runes
  
• Taking Up The Runes: A Complete Guide To Using Runes In Spells, Rituals, Divination, And Magic
  
• Runes and magic
  
• Trolldom - Spells and Methods of the Norse Magic Tradition
  
• Spådom and divination in the Norse Trolldom tradition
  

Oaths

• Questions about Oaths and commitment
  
• Hi. I know you have talked a lot about oaths, but I wonder... What are really the dangers of breaking one?
  
• Sorry for my ignorance, but what are oaths? Are they some sort of promise? Could you do one unknowingly?
  
• What does it mean to be bonded with Loki?
  

Rituals

• Breaking Lokis Bonds ritual
  
• Question: Can you tell me what Lokean rituals there are and what they consist of please?
  
• Lokasenda Ritual
  
• Lokean Washing Charm
  
• UPG: Bowl holding ritual
  

Lokean Myths, History, Lore and Theory. From blogs to academic journals
Old Tales

• Getting started with Norse Mythology
  
• Translations of old sagas and eddas
  
• Icelandic Sagas
  
• The Eddas and Sagas on Sacred Texts.
  
• The Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus.
  
• Loka Táttur- Loki’s Heroic Tale from The Faroe Islands
  
• Thor and Jormungandr fight creates a lake in Holland. Origin of the Uddeler and Pale Lake
  
• Grumpy Lokean Elders Free book day. Contains academic journals and Old Tales
  

Blogs and Blogs with Citations

• Hel zine
  
• Loki Attestations in old myth
  
• Útgarða-Loki
  
• Kennings, Heiti, and Other Alternate Names for Loki
  
• Guys…We Need to Talk About “The Eddas”
  
• How do you reconcile Loki (as part of the Aesir)
  
• Sigyn: Lady of Oblation and Victory
  
• ‘This Lokeans view of Loki’
  
• Possible corroboration for Loki-worship back in the day
  
• Are there any symbols used specifically for Loki with historical proof?
  
• Hi! I was thinking on buying an Uppakra mask pendant (It's supposed to represent Loki) but some people belive it can be Odin too. Do you have any information about it?
  
• Evidence of Loki’s Worship?
  
• Loki in Fjölvinsmál: Lævateinn and Lýr
  
• When They come courting: Spirit marriage and related relationships: Spirit Marriage and Godspousery in Lore, History, and Contemporary Practice
  
• What did the Viking really look like? Red hair and make up
  
• Could you point me in the direction of any specific posts or other resources you know of (if any) that focus around being non-binary and having a connection with Loki?
  
• So I have herd and I'm not sure where, that Loki is considered a hearth deity in some fashion. Is there anywhere that can be found showing it as a credible source?
  
• Why do so many people hate Loki?
  
• Hello! Maybe a silly question, but would working with one deity e.g. Loki prevent you from working with another in the future e.g Frigg, especially if they didn't get on in the Eddas?
  
• These are people whose blogs are safe spaces within the Pagan and Heathen communities.
  

Academia

• Loki University
  
• The newest Loki papers on Academia.edu
  
• ”Loki, the Vätte, and the Ash Lad: A Study Combining Old Scandinavian and Late Material
  
• The Flying Noaidi of the North: Sámi Tradition Reflected in the Figure Loki Laufeyjarson in Old Norse Mythology page 59
  
• The Old Norse theonym Sígyn (*seikʷ-n̥-iéh₂- ‘she of the pouring’), Vedic Sanskrit °sécanī- ‘pouring’, the Celtic river-name and theonym Sēquana (present-day river Seine, France) and Proto-Indo-European *seikʷ- ‘pour’ [Loki and Fire, n.2]
  
• Lokrur, Lóðurr and Late Evidence
  
• A Little Bit of Lokrur: A Portion of an Old Icelandic Mythological Poem and a New English Translation
  
• The Old Norse dwarf-name Brokkr, Sanskrit Bhr̥gu- and Proto-Indo-European *(s)bʰr̥(h₂)g- 'crackle, roar' (Greek βαρυ-σφάραγος : Vedic giri-bhráj- ‘heavy-roaring’; ἀνεμο-σφάραγος : vā́ta-bhrajas- ‘with roaring of wind(s)’; σφαραγέομαι : sphūrjáya- : bhūrjáya- ‘crackle, sizzle’) Loki and Fire, n.1
  
• The Water Dragon and the Snake Witch. Two Vendel Period Picture Stones from Gotland, Sweden. Jormungandr
  
• Lokemasken - Var Loke en beskytter?
  

Podcasts and Videos

• Loki, a Fire Spirit?
  
  • The Magic of Runes
• Heathen History Podcast
  
• Gifts of the Wyrd:Loki
  
• Who Is Loki?
  
• How I learned to Stop Worrying and Love Þetta Reddast
  
• Pronunciation of Old Norse (Medieval / Reconstructed)
  
• Vikings are Gay history podcast
  

Community and general social resources

• Polytheism While Dealing With Mental Illness
  
• Spiritual Abuse Red-Flags
  
• Mental Health support and Suicide Prevention
  
• Support for those with Eating Disorders
  
• How to support someone with a mental health problem
  
• Planning for a crisis
  
• BLM, NAACP and ACLU protesters rights advice
  
• Tools for helping Racial Equality
  
• Mutual Aid groups for Covid Support
  
• Stop Asian Hate Resources
  
• Confronting Racism in Heathenry
  
• Hate on Display™ Hate Symbols Database
  
• Heathens Against Hate
  
• LGBTQA+ glossary of terms
  
• You Can Stop Appropriation of Indigenous Cultures
  
• Decolonial Futures Workshop - Why I Can’t Hold Space for You Anymore
  
• Bringing Race to the Table: Exploring Racism in the Pagan Community - by Crystal Blanton
  
• Shades of Ritual: Minority Voices in Practice by Crystal Blanton
  
• Jailbreaking the Goddess: A Radical Revisioning of Feminist Spirituality by Lasara Firefox Allen
  
• Ancient Spirit Rising: Reclaiming Your Roots & Restoring Earth Community by Pegi Eyers
  
• The Way of Fire and Ice: The Living Tradition of Norse Paganism - Ryan Smith
  
• Open Discussion - Balancing chronic health management, neurodiversity, and being a Lokean
  

It all began when a face of cosmic scale appeared in the sky. Its expressionless, stoic features permeated every aspect of our lives. Scientists estimated the face to be near the edge of the universe, and chilling videos of its emergence circulated the internet.
A cult emerged in an attempt to appease "the face", believing its appearance held significant meaning. Their fanatical efforts gained media attention when a cult leader sacrificed a human being to it.
The face remained expressionless.
A war broke out between the cultists and NATO. Countless lives were lost on both sides, and it seemed there was no end in sight.
The face grinned, revealing its enormous teeth. Its irises glowed a cosmic blue, spiraling in what appeared to be excitement. The face finally seemed to show malevolence toward human suffering, or so we assumed.
The cultists, dubbed "the fascists" by the media, were branded as a criminal organization, yet their numbers rapidly increased. In a snippet of a recording circulated on social media, a large hooded figure, seemingly an important member of the organization, addressed the public.
"The emergence of the face holds significant meaning for the human race, for those who have eyes to see. The significance it carries is crucial for you and me. Anyone with a thinking brain can comprehend this. So join us, for judgement day is upon us."
The face showed a subtle expression of sadness.
A solitary farmer, whose day was ruined by a small meteor that fell on his field, rushed a young boy injured by the impact to a nearby hospital. When asked if the boy was his son, the farmer replied that he had never seen him before. The boy remained in a coma for several days.
The face's eyes were closed as if it were asleep.
The cultists engaged in various debaucherous acts upon seeing the face in this state.
The face opened its eyes, like a child waking from sleep. Simultaneously, the boy recovered from his coma. He began performing miraculous acts, such as leading people to enlightenment through telepathy, turning barren lands into verdant fields, and raising the dead. A new cult formed to worship the child. When the fascists heard about this, they vowed to crush them into submission.
A three-way war ensued between NATO, the fascists, and the newly formed cult. A third of the population was decimated during the massive clash. Those who survived didn't support any of the now vanquished groups.
Gradually, people rebuilt what their predecessors had destroyed. In less than a decade, a new civilization emerged, built on a few tenets: "To be kind is to forgive. To care is to give. To love is to understand."
The boy suddenly disappeared, and more notably, so did the face. Some witnesses claimed that the face was smiling before it faded away.

Knight is one of the hardest hitters in the game, with a focus on high damage with Swords and use of White Magicks for support, a relatively straightforward class that is already really powerful on it's own. Working on adding the "Available Licenses" section again, since I've been having a hard time posting new posts due to the character limit on Reddit.

Disclaimers

• I won't be taking characters into account outside some scant cases and some synergies with starting kits.
• All Jobs worked fine by themselves on IZJS so there is not right or wrong answer in the end.
• There are many different styles and scenarios which can change how useful a combo may or may not be, just as there are many ways you can run a combo, are you running a 6-people or a 3-people party? Which game mode you are playing? What kind of weapons you want to use? Are you doubling up on jobs? It's difficult to take into account all these distinct scenarios, so feel free to correct me or point out scenarios where one job combo might be more useful.

Other Jobs:

• Archer
• Black Mage
• Bushi
• Foebreaker

Knight:

Overview:
Knight is an interesting job in that it starts using a one-handed swords and shields before switching to Greatswords as their primary weapon class (though one-handed swords like the Simha, Durandal and Karkata are still great if you want to use shields), in a way it starts more defensively like Foebreaker then it shifts to a more offensive approach like Uhlan, both kinds of Swords only use Strength, so you don't have to worry about a secondary stat like other weapons, Knights have good HP (higher than Uhlan's but lower than Foebreaker), a decent amount of Battle Lores, access to both physical damage augments (Focus and Adrenaline) and Last Stand, all 3 Shield Block augments to improve their evasion while wearing a shield, making them a decent Tank though Foebreaker and Shikari are arguably better at that role (Both have better HP, Foebreaker has a bigger focus on one-handed weapons with shields and Shikari has the Main Gauche, together with a good shield and the Jade Collar they are nigh unhittable unless the enemy ignores evasion.), some powerful foes ignore evasion late game, but Shields are still pretty good since some of them are able to decrease the damage or absorb certain elements and also give permanent Shell to fights that use a lot of status attacks (specially useful for fights that spam instant-death attacks as there is no way to make your characters completely immune to them), they are a pretty slow job with only one Swiftness that is also really far away from the start of their board, and while one-handed swords have fast CT speed (the same one as Hammers being only a little behing Axes), Greatswords are on the slower end, they have pretty decent utility if you unlock their White Magicks and a also have a few situational but useful Technicks though I will discuss these more in the "Utility" and "Espers" section.
​
The class may initially seem similar to Foebreaker but while Hammers & Axes have high attack power they have an element of Luck to them and also need a secondary stat, one-handed Swords have less attack power but hit for more consistent damage and have a variety of elemental (Flamentongue, Icebrand and Excalibur gives them Fire, Ice and Holy) and status weapons (Ancient Sword, Deathbringer, Blood Sword, Karkata and Ragnarok gives them Petrify, Instant-death, Sap, Confuse and Immobilize), so it is a bit of trade-off, Karkata is the highlight of one-handed swords being able to stun lock enemies that aren't immune to confuse really easily while also having really high ATK, Greatswords have amazing single-target damage, being one the most powerful weapons in the game, both kinds of swords don't combo too often though weapons like Simha, Excalibur and the Tournesol have a pretty decent combo rate (a lot lower than high-level Katanas, Ninja Swords, Poles and even Hammers) so they can benefit from staying on low HP (it increases combo rate) and having the Genji Gloves equipped, there aren't that many amazing swords you can get really early (ignoring Karkata from Trial Mode) outside the Defender and the Durandal which can be grinded for a really low chance from some strong mobs, the Bastard Sword and Deathbringer can also be acquired quite early if you go out of your way to hunt them, but they aren't as strong as the other swords I mentioned (though Deathbringer does have an instant-death effect tied to it), the highlight of Knight's kit is definitely the Excalibur, a holy-elemental Greatsword that is already a really strong weapon by itself but a lot of enemies late-game are either undead or weak to Holy which really elevates the weapon to one of the best in the game, beating even the Knight's ultimate weapon, the Tournesol against holy-weak enemies (it doesn't help that the Tournesol is a hassle to get, easily one of the most, if not the most, grindy Bazzar weapon).
​
Utility: A lot of Knight's utility are tied to Esper unlocks, which makes their ability to do party support entirely reliant on your Esper choices, in this section I'll focus on what they have by default, and I'll speak more about their other skills in the "Espers" section, I already covered their elemental and status effects coverage, so I will focus on their Technicks, Souleater is situational but can do good damage with high ATK weapons, and it is also useful for fights that seal the Attack command, First Aid is only useful in the very early game since it heals a pittance, and it falls off really quickly, Infuse is great for getting a character to low HP to increase combos or activate low HP augments like Adrenaline, Revive is situational, but it can potentially be a lifesaver if you need your healer to be revived on a healthy state ASAP, it is a bit of a crutch ability that is more useful when playing blind but loses its value on replays, Sight Unseeing can be a decent way to get enemies to low HP, so you can Poach them for loot, Knight lacks Item Lores and Magicks without Espers, and they also can't hit flyers outside of throwing items or using innate weapons and magicks from certain characters.
​
Espers: Compared to other classes Knight has a lot of decent unlocks, with only a few duds here and there, confusingly enough they can't unlock Magic Lores of any kind while other physical classes with much more limited magical options tend to have unlockable Magic Lores or have a few of them on their board, which means they can't power up their magic outside the innate low-level Mystic Armor of a certain character, Magick Gloves, Leather Gorget, accessories that raise a little bit of magic or Faith from Hashmal, Potion Lore 1 from Belias is basically free since the Esper's only other notable unlock is Libra from Bushi and other classes (and a certain character) have Libra innately, Mateus gives Knight White Magicks 6 & 7, giving them Curaga, which is a potent single-target heal that can also be used to damage Undead enemies, it allows Knight to self-heal or heal other party members in a pinch though they lack the magic to make the spell super powerful it is still ok, Regen cures Sap and can also be used to keep your character topped off for full HP augments like Focus, Cleanse cures Disease one of the most dangerous statuses in the game, Esuna cures most statuses effects except Slow, Stop, Oil, Disease, Doom, KO, X-Zone and Stone (though it cures Petrify the "countdown" to Stone status), Mateus is an Esper that is acquired pretty early in the game, so you have a lot of time to put those skills to use, Potion Lore 2 from Shemhazai is not bad, but the Esper is really competed, a single Battle Lore from Cúchulainn is pretty meaningless and the Esper is probably one of the most competed in the whole game, +350 HP from Exodus isn't super necessary as the Esper has more interesting unlocks elsewhere and Knight doesn't really struggle for HP since Heavy Armor has great physical defense, Chaos and Zodiark are odd since it just leads you to the same unlocks as the ones that Knight gets from one of their Quickenings, I suppose it is there in case you got the earlier Quickenings and didn't wait to unlock the one that appears later in their board, both are more useful elsewhere though, Telekinesis from Ultima is decent (the extra Battle Lore here is more of a bonus) it gives them a way to hit flyers and also deal with fights that seal the Attack command though Ultima is gotten quite late, and it is also a pretty competed Esper, lastly Hashmal gives them White Magicks 8 & 9, Faith is a magic damage and healing buff, allowing them to make better use of their own healing magicks or increase the damage and healing of the dedicated casters of the party, Bravery buffs their already great physical damage and also lets them buff other physical damage dealers in the party, Curaja is the best healing spell in the game, even without great magic it heals for a decent amount, is AoE and can also be used to damage Undead enemies, Confuse is more of a bonus though as Karkata is better than both it and Charm, confuse is better as an on-hit effect, the problem is that Hashmal comes in so late that you don't have much content left to use all of these abilities on.
​
What it needs and what it can offer: Knight is already pretty complete by itself, the most obvious drawback is how slow they are compared to other classes, while the difference between two and three swiftness is pretty minimal, that isn't the case with only one swiftness, it doesn't help that their only swiftness is really far away from the start of the board, so they will be noticeably slower for a while even when compared to Red Battlemage that also has only one swiftness but can get it easier than Knight, the other thing they really need is magic to make use of it's White Magicks secondaries, they have access to Excalibur a holy-elemental weapon, so they have good synergy with classes that have access to Mystic Armor due to the White Robes boosting the damage of the Holy element, better item support and unobtrusive utility also never hurts, lastly another sore spot is that they lack a way to hit flyers or good options to deal with physical pailings.
​
Knight provides similar things to Foebreaker, access to Heavy Armor (which includes the Genji Set for the Genji Gloves), a good amount of HP and Battle Lores, augments like Adrenaline, Focus and Last Stand, all Shields, Shield Block augments, White Magicks and Potion Lores for extra support options if you unlock them and a few situational Technicks.

The combos:

Archer: A pretty straightforward upgrade for both parties, Archer gets marginally better HP but more importantly the early Heavy Armor, Battle Lores and Adrenaline it wants, while also getting 1000 Needles for free since Knight has Infuse, extra White Magicks from Knight (if you unlock them) expands their already good support kit, but their item healing will probably overshadow your magic options until you get to Hashmal (See "Esper" section) specially since you'll lack the Magic Lores to make the most out of Archer and Knight's Magicks (Faith helps though Hashmal comes in really late), lastly Archer gets a few extra Technicks which includes Sight Unseeing for easy Poaching (see "Utility" section).
Knight gets all three swiftness, all Item Lores (except Ether Lores) for amazing item support and also the ability to inflict all status effects with a Remedy with the Nihopalaoa accessory (or boost the efficacy of items further with a Pheasant Netsuke), Bows are good weapons to hit flyers or stay at range and also come with a variety of different elemental and status arrows for more coverage, Cura and Raise expands Knight's White Magick tool-kit further, they also get access to all of Archer's Technicks which includes Shades of Black for a way to hit flyers without equipment switching (1000 Needles and Gil Toss can also hit flyers), do AoE damage or deal with physical pailings, Gil Toss does a lot of damage if you have the money to spare, is non-elemental and is AoE, Steal is pretty good on tanks to attract the attention of enemies (for other Archer Technicks see the "Utility" section in the Archer post), lastly they gain access to Light Armor, it is a bit of a lackluster armor type as it only really excels in increasing HP at the cost of your other offensive stats, there are some useful ones like the Brave Suit that is good for any melee attacker, and the ones that reduce elemental damage can also be quite useful, with the right shield or accessory you can become completely immune to certain elements, overall a pretty good upgrade for both parties.
​
Black Mage: One of the few combos where it feels like Black Mage coexists with the other party relatively well, there are some interesting synergies here though if you want your Black Mage to be a pure caster this is probably not the best combo for that, Black Mage gets a lot of extra HP, access to Last Stand and Shields for better survivability, some extra Technicks from Knight (see "Utility" and "Esper" section), potentially some Potion Lores for better item support and two good weapon-types if they need to be physical for whatever reason, Knight gets All Black Magicks and Green Magicks, the former gives them a way to hit flyers, deal with pailings (non-elemental spells are great for pailings specially), do AoE damage, and great elemental and status coverage, Green Magicks gives Knight a lot of extra utility and a way to self-cast Decoy, Bubble and Reverse for tanking (high magic also means Decoy and Reverse stick more often), the obvious benefit from the combo is that the Magic Lores, Mystic Armor and Magic Augments from Black Mage do wonders to power up Knight's White Magicks if you unlock them, making Curaga and Curaja specially really powerful for both healing and damaging undead enemies (Curaja is also AoE), Hashmal allows for self-casting Faith for better spell damage though that comes in late in the game (for more detail on the White Magicks see the "Esper" section), you get Hand-bombs 3 and Makara from Mateus and Hashmal respectively as a bonus, giving you another way to hit flyers and access to all the status and elemental ammo from hand-bombs for even more coverage (Foebreaker post has more info on Hand-Bombs since it is one of their main weapons), the White Robes from Black Mage gives Knight a way to boost Excalibur damage to ridiculous levels though very few bosses can Tank a boosted Excalibur, so it feels like overkill (you can heal yourself or a party member with Excalibur if you have a White Mask or a Sage's Ring since they absorb Holy), you get a few extra Technicks from Black Mage (see "Utility" and "Esper" section on the Black Mage post), if you give the combo to a character with innate Steal you get Poach for free which can be useful due to Knight having Sight Unseeing (see "Utility" section), lastly Knight gets three Ether Lores and two Remedy Lores for better item support.
The obvious disadvantage from this combo is that you put two really powerful classes on the same character which can take away the focus from either Black Mage or Knight depending on how you run the combo, Black Mage also doesn't really need the Genji Set though there is only one class that really misses the set and there are other options for that.
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Bushi: A well-known combo, and an effective one, both classes complement each other really well and the big disadvantages of the combo is that you still don't have a way to hit flyers or deal with pailings that doesn't involve RNG and that you are putting a bunch of really great weapons on the same character (Simha, Karkata, Excalibur, Tournesol, Masamune and Khumba all on the same place) which can be seen as a detriment specially on a 12-job setting, they also both have access to the Genji Set and Blood Sword\Karkata, Knight gets pretty much most of the things it wants, they get more HP from Bushi but more importantly all three swiftness, two Remedy Lores for better item support, they get all the Magic Lores, Magic Augments and Mystic Armor they need to make the most out of their White Magicks, making Curaga and Curaja really powerful for healing and damaging undead, Bravery and Faith are also useful for Bushi to improve Katana and Shades of Black damage though Hashmal comes in quite late (for more detail on the White Magicks see "Esper" section), access to the White Robes means Excalibur does absurd amounts of damage, though there aren't that many enemies that can tank enough hits from a boosted Excalibur for it to not feel like complete overkill (you can heal yourself or a party member with Excalibur if you have a White Mask or a Sage's Ring since they absorb Holy), Blood Sword is near the beginning of Knights board, so if you unlock it you can get Karkata quite early due to Bushi also having access to those swords via an Esper, Knight also gets a decent amount of extra Technicks, you get Potion Lore 1 and Libra with Belias which is neat (you'll already have Libra if you give the combo to a character with innate Libra though), Libra is useful for seeing traps and enemy stats, other ones includes Shades of Black for hitting flyers (1000 Needles and Gil Toss can also hit flyers), do AoE damage and deal with pailings, Gil Toss is good non-elemental AoE damage and for fights that block the Attack command (for other Bushi Technicks, see the "Utility" and "Esper" section of the Bushi post).
Bushi gets a lot of things out of the combo too, Magicks to actually use their high magic on (if you unlock them), early Heavy Armor, so they don't have to rely on innate licenses, wait until Genji or Zodiark, extra Battle Lores, Adrenaline, Focus, and potentially some Potion Lores for better item support, all Shields and Shield Block augments to use with Khumba while also getting Blood Sword and Karkata without the use of an Esper, Souleater for free for fights that block the Attack command or to use with high ATK weapons, potentially Telekinesis and an extra Battle Lore with Ultima for another way to hit flyers (or deal with Attack command block) which also gives you Stamp as a bonus though the Esper is pretty competed and also comes in late (for other Technicks see "Utility" and "Esper" section).
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Foebreaker: The three melee Heavy Armor jobs don't really pair all that well with each other, too much overlap, both parties don't really get meaningfully improved, and they feel awful on 12-job setting where other classes will really miss the benefits that the melee jobs could give, Knight gets a bit more HP and some extra Battle Lores, but they have to wait until Ultima and Hashmal for better speed, you get double benefit from both Espers due to Knight also having unlocks on these Espers (Swiftness and White Magicks with Hashaml, Battle Lore, Telekinesis and Swiftness with Ultima), but both Espers come in quite late and Ultima in particular is pretty competed, Belias does give both Horology and Potion Lore 1 which is kind of neat I guess, Knight potentially gets extra Magic Lores from Foebreaker to slightly improve their White Magicks if you unlock them, but they are behind rather competed Espers and one of them only unlocks one Magic Lore, similar situation with Shades of Black from Foebreaker which is behind Cúchulainn, another really competed Esper, so no way to hit flyers without changing equipment, do AoE damage or deal with pailings, though they get to hit flyers with Hand-Bombs which also gives them some elemental and status coverage with their ammunition (spoke more about Hand-Bombs in the Foebreaker post), Breaks are situational but gives them extra utility and Expose does improve Sword damage and can be gotten quite early, no Mystic Armor (outside innate licenses) for improving their White Magicks or using the White Robes with Excalibur, no Light Armor for permanent buffs or elemental mitigation.
Foebreaker potentially gets some White Magicks and Potion Lores for extra utility and few extra Technicks (see "Utility" and "Esper" section), but not much more, there is a bit of a dynamic here between Swords and Hammers & Axes, one is more consistent and has better status and elemental coverage, and one hits harder but has an element of luck and also needs a secondary stat, so it is a bit interesting, but it is better to have those weapons on different combos than on the same character, there is way too much overlap here, same Heavy Armor licenses (which includes overlap in the Genji Set for Genji gloves), similar HP and Battle Lores, same Shield and Shield Block augments, same augments (Last Stand, Adrenaline and Focus) which wouldn't be as big of a deal if they actually benefited each other in some other way (per example Archer and Shikari also have some overlap in augments, but they also benefit\get benefited from Knight and Foebreaker in more meaningful ways), once Greatswords kick-in Foebreaker doesn't improve them outside of Expose, the benefits from the combo are very minimal, niche or come-in really late, it can be fine if you are into reference builds since it reminiscent of FFI Warrior, but not great if you want something more practical.
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Machinist: Similar to ArcheKnight it is a pretty straightforward upgrade to both parties, Guns don't use stats so all you really need to make the most out of them is Focus and Adrenaline, while Machinist doesn't benefit from Heavy Armor (or Genji and Battle Lore) but they can still use the Maximilian for a marginal increase in CT speed, they also get slightly more HP from Knight, access to their Technicks which includes Sight Unseeing to be used with Machinists Poach (See "Utility" and "Esper" section for more info on Knight's Technicks) and Infuse to get to low HP for Adrenaline, White Magicks from Knight to expand their support options though they lack a lot of Magic to make good use of them, being able to self-cast Bravery and Faith is good for Gun damage and if you unlock Green and Time Magicks from Machinist though Hashmal spells come in late and a lot of the Time Magicks don't need magic, only thing missing is Black Robes for Dark Shot though there are few combos that can have both Dark Shot and Adrenaline+Focus, so it is a compromise you have to make when doing combos with Machinist, lastly with all the Shields and Shield Block augments you can evasion Tank with Measures (Measures have high evasion) and even self-cast Decoy with Exodus, though since they lack offensive Magicks you won't be able to do damage unless you want to use Gil Toss, and since Measures have buffs tied to them if you attack with them, you can end up buffing the boss.
Knight gets all three swiftness, some odd Magic Lores for a minimal improvement to their Magicks if you unlock them, Measures for some extra buffing potential, amazing item support with all Item Lores except two Phoenix Lores and two Ether Lores (which allows you to inflict all status effects with a Remedy with the Nihopalaoa accessory or boost the efficacy of items further with a Pheasant Netsuke), Guns are a great option for hitting flyers or staying at range (specially since they ignore stats and defense) and also have a good variety of elemental and status ammunition for more coverage, with Exodus they get a bit of extra HP together with Green Magicks (allows to self-cast Decoy for tanking or improve wyrmfire shot and Flametongue damage with Oil, though both of these spells will have a hard time sticking without the Indingo Pendant due to the lack of Magic Lores and Flametongue also probably fell off already by the time you get to Exodus), with Famfrit you get access to Time Magicks for self-casting Haste and extra status and buff coverage, but the Esper comes in really late, for how Light Armor benefits Knight see the Archer section, lastly they get access to all of Machinist's Technicks, which includes Gil Toss for another way to hit flyers that doesn't require switching equipment, and also a good option for AoE and damage if you have the money to spare, Libra for seeing traps and enemy stats, Steal to attract the attention of enemies if you plan to tank with this character, and Traveler, a powerful Technick if you know how to use it, only thing the combo lacks is a way to deal with pailings, White Robes for Excalibur and Magic for Knight's White Magicks and Machinist's Green Magicks\Time Magicks.
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Monk: An interesting combo, the amount of White Magicks you can potentially get is absurd, almost all the White Magicks spells, though the Esper investment is heavy if you want to get all of them, and also you won't really have the magic to make the healing spells in particular super powerful though a good portion of the spells here don't rely on magic (For Knight's spells see the "Esper" section), Monk gets the Heavy Armor it wants which includes the Genji Gloves to increase the already high combo rate of Poles (Infuse from Knight also lets them get to low HP for better combos and activate Adrenaline easier), Poles cover some elements Swords don't, can hit flyer and also hit for magick resist, so you can switch your weapons depending on which kind of defense the enemy has more, they get Souleater and Sight Unseeing for free from Knight and also some extra Technicks (see "Utility" for more info), Curaja and Bravery overlap but that means you get to use those spells much earlier since Monk only needs a quickening for them, the overlap also means you get the Hashmal spells much earlier which means you get access to Faith (which helps with the lack of Magic from the pairing) and Confuse a lot easier, so you get to put these spells to more use instead of having to wait until the endgame, all the Battle Lores from Monk also gives you Telekinesis from Ultima for free due to bypassing Esper locks for another way to hit flyers or deal with fights that block the attack command.
Knight gets all the Battle Lores and HP from Monk which really ups their damage as Monk has a lot more HP and Battle Lores than other jobs, their two Potion Lores easier (three with Shemhazai though that is a competed Esper) and two Phoenix Lores for better item support, potentially most of the White Magicks spells depending on your Esper investments which includes extra support spells for Utility (Protectga and Shellga, AoE Protect and Shell), a powerful revive via Arise, Dispelga to dispel buffs from enemies and certain debuffs from allies which is also AoE, Esunaga for AoE Esuna, Renew for a full heal though Curaja with Faith is probably enough and Renew can risk giving the boss a full heal if they have a mechanic where they cast reflect on your party, Holy is a lackluster spell so consider it more of bonus, and Cura and Raise from Hashmal is not worth by the time you get to the Esper unless you really don't have better unlocks, all of Monks Technicks which includes Expose for better Sword and Pole damage, Shades of Black for a way to hit flyers that doesn't require equipment switching, deal with pailings and do AoE damage, Libra to see traps and enemy stats and Traveler, a powerful Technick if you know how to use and also a few others, for how Light Armor benefits Knight see the Archer section, the obvious drawback is that in a 12-job setting not only can other jobs can miss out on what Monk and Knight provides, you also put a bunch of powerful weapons on the same character, you also have to wait until Ultima for the last two swiftness, so the character will be slow until you can unlock the Esper, no White Robes for Excalibur though that isn't a huge deal.
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Red Battlemage: Both jobs compliment each other well, but Red Battlemage pairs decently with most things due to being a jack-of-all-trades, while Maces only need magic for damage, they still benefit from Focus and Adrenaline from Knight, they cover some elements and statuses that Knight doesn't have for more coverage, Red Battlemages can really struggle for MP with all the spells they cast and lack of easier access to their third Channeling augment, so they appreciated being able to recover more MP via Headsman and Inquisitor, Red Battlemage gets more HP, Last Stand and Shield Blocks augments for better survivability, though their shield licenses overlap and Red Battlemage also doesn't need Genji, they get easier access to their Greatswords due to Knight having them innately though it feels more like Knight overwrites this part them really making their Greatswords better, due to them already having Curaga and Regen they get Esuna and Cleanse for free without an Esper due to bypassing Esper Locks, Knight can also give them Faith for better spell and healing, Bravery for better Mace damage and Curaja to give them the endgame healing spells they lack, though Hashmal comes late in the game, you get Steal as a bonus though it would be more of use earlier, a single extra Battle Lore from Cúchulainn since that Esper normally goes to Red Battlemage, and lastly they potentially get some Potion Lores from Knight for better item support though their healing Magicks will probably overshadow that and all of Knights Technicks (see "Utility" and "Esper" section for that).
Knight gets a good variety spells to use, some healing spells, utility spells (which includes Green Magicks for tanking which I spoke about in the Black Mage section) and a good variety of elemental and status spells, with a Demon shield or Black Mask you can heal your character or other party members with dark spells, all the Magic Lores, Mystic Armor and Magic Augments help improve Curaja from Hashmal, a single Ether Lore for marginally better item support (and one or two extra Technicks), the spells are helpful to hit flyers, for AoE or to deal with pailings (Drain is non-elemental which is good for pailings and can also hit flyers), White Robes means you can boost the damage of Excalibur for absurd levels (you can heal yourself or a party member with Excalibur if you have a White Mask or a Sage's Ring since they absorb Holy), though that feels like overkill for a lot of the game, the combo is also really slow since both Knight and Red Battlemage only gets one swiftness, it doesn't help that they can't self-cast Haste since Red Battlemage lacks it, still overall it still is a good general improvement for both sides.
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Shikari: A decent improvement to both parties, Shikari gets the Heavy Armor, Battle Lores, the Shields and shield block it is missing, though they don't benefit from Genji Gloves since Germinas Boots is better, Daggers and Ninja Swords cover some elements and status effects that Knight doesn't have, so you have some better coverage, you get an extra Battle Lore since Shikari has Telekinesis, and it bypasses Ultima's Esper Lock and you can potentially get Shades of Black from Adrammelech if the Esper is not needed elsewhere, useful for dealing with flyers, doing AoE damage or dealing with pailings, Mateus gives you Gil Toss with the Knight's White Magicks (see the "Esper" section for that), Gil Toss can hit flyers, do good damage, and is also a decent option for AoE and for fights that Block the Attack Command if you have the money to spare, if you unlock guns from Shemhazai you get to use them with Focus and Adrenaline, and they also give access to all the ammo for even more elemental and status coverage, Hashmal gives the Bonecrusher as a Bonus and Bravery and Faith for better Dagger, Ninja Sword and Shades of Black damage though that comes in really late, the odd Magic Lores from Shikari help improve Knight's healing spells though not by a huge margin, and lastly access to all of Knight Technicks (see "Utility" and "Esper" section for that).
Knight gets slightly better HP, three swiftness, great item support with all Potion and Remedy Lores which can be improved with Ultima with two Phoenix Lores (you can inflict all status effects with a Remedy with the Nihopalaoa accessory or boost the efficacy of items further with a Pheasant Netsuke), they get access to Telekinesis easier and can also use Guns for flyers if you unlock them though the Technick and Guns are only available later in the game so unless you unlock Shades of Black they still won't be able to hit flyers easily for a while (you can also use 1000 Needles and Gil Toss for that), they get a few other Technicks and Light Armor (see Archer section for how Light Armor helps Knight), overall a pretty good combo.
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Time Battlemage: Pairing two Heavy Armor jobs may seem counterintuitive, but Time Battlemage is a bit of an odd job and has enough differences for it to be a decent utility upgrade for other jobs, while they lack a huge amount of Magic Lores and Mystic Armor their Magic Lores and Magic Augments still help improves Knight's White Magick better than the odd Magic Lore from other classes, it helps that they can get Cura and Raise from Adrammelech to expand Knight's White Magicks kit, Hashmal gives them their last Channeling augment together with the Hashmal spells (See "Espers" section, Faith is useful for healing spells and for sticking status effects) though that comes in late, they get their one-handed Swords for free though similar to Red Battlemages Greatswords it feels more like Knight simply overwrites them, Time Magicks are good but unobtrusive and situational enough that they don't interupt Knight's role a physical damage dealer too often, it is easy to have your character self-cast Haste and Berserk and just watch them go to town when you don't need to use status effects (you'll need the Indigo Pendant to make status effects hit more consistently), though Knight's high HP helps with the damage from the Balance spell, Crossbows are a decent way to deal with flyers and also gives you extra status coverage, though Crossbows miss often compared to other ranged weapons, Drain lets you deal with pailings and also gives you another option to deal with flyers (and the other Green Magicks benefits I discusses in the Black Mage section), Sight Unseeing is useful to use with Poach (see "Utility" section), and if you unlock Shear and Addle you have some extra utility options, you also get a few other Technicks, lastly Knight gets three swiftness and better item support with two Ether Lores (Three with Zalera) and two Remedy Lores.
Time Battlemage gets a more realiable weapon, better HP for more survivability, all of Knight's Technicks and potentially more White Magicks and some Potions Lore for better item support (see "Utility" and "Esper" section), overall a pretty great combo specially if you aren't too focused on getting the White Robes for Excalibur.
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Uhlan: A lot of the combos problems are similar to FoebreakeKnight, so I'll focus on the new things, slightly better HP for Uhlan, Uhlan doesn't really benefit from Genji Gloves, they can make Spears combo more often, but Spears have really low combo rates, the few odd Magic Lores from Uhlan kind of help improve Knight's healing spells (if you unlock them), specially since you get a few more with Mateus as a bonus, though it isn't a huge improvement, you can potentially get Breaks, but they are behind some really competed Espers, Bravery and Faith from Hashmal are useful for improving Spear damage and Uhlan spells (specially the Chaos' spells) though Hashmal comes in late, Spears are a good way to deal with flyers and also cover some elements and status effects the Knight doesn't have, they overlap in Holy-elemental weapons though Gugnir is good for fire damage, but it is gotten late, Shades of Black is good for AoE, dealing with flyers without switching equipment and pailings, Uhlan's Black Magicks are a less luck reliant option for that though you are limited by their spell selection (Aeroga is really powerful and Bio is non-elemental something to look forward to if you plan on using Chaos here), Sight Unseeing with Poach and Uhlan gets Knight Technicks (see "Utility" and "Esper" section), Knight gets two swiftness, good item support with two out of three Item Lores of all Item Lores except Ether Lores, this combo can potentially get a decent amount of both White and Black Magicks, so it gives the character some versatility, you also get Telekinesis for free due to bypassing Esper locks giving another option to deal with flyers and deal with fights that block the attack command, it feels better than FoebreakeKnight and Uhlan/Foebreaker but not by a huge margin.
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White Mage: Feels fitting for a Paladin build, but there are other things going for it too, White Mage ends up completely overwriting Knight's White Magicks (just as Knight kind of overwrites White Mage's Greatswords), that can be seen as a drawback if you wanted to spread out those abilities, but it can also be seen as a benefit since it means less Esper assignments to worry about, White Mage appreciates Last Stand, the better HP, shields and shield block augments for better survivability as they are a rather squishy job, a great weapon-type with good amount of Battle Lores and physical augments to do damage and regen their MP via Inquisitor and Headsman is also great as they really struggle for MP without a Sage's Ring, potentially some Potion Lores from Knight though their White Magicks overshadow that, they also overlap in hitting the Holy-element with the Holy spells which is gotten late and is also lackluster, and the Holy Rod which is great rod for doing holy-damage, lastly they get access to all of Knight Technicks (see "Utility" and "Esper" section) which gives them Souleater for free to do good damage with high ATK weapons and deal with fights that block the attack command.
Knight gets all White Magick which explains itself for utility, but it gives them earlier and easier access to Bravery for better sword damage and Green Magicks for tanking (see Black Mage section for how Green Magicks help tanking), two swiftness and two Ether Lores for better item support, Rods aren't great outside the Holy Rod, but they can be used to hit flyers, and you can also use Drain for flyers and to deal with pailings, some extra Technicks which includes Libra to see traps and enemy stats, White Robes for boosted Excalibur is accounted for, though there aren't that many enemies that can tank hits from a boosted Excalibur (you can heal yourself or a party member with Excalibur if you have a White Mask or a Sage's Ring since they absorb Holy), the obvious drawback is the overlap in White Magicks if you were more interested in improving Knight's Magicks them completely overwriting them.

I was thinking about this topic the other day. Bill Yeoman invented the veer offense at the University of Houston. Jack Pardee went crazy with his run-n-shoot offense at Houston, putting up ridiculous numbers before heading to the NFL. Houston was the first place Art Briles unleashed his triple-option spread/veer-n-shoot offense in college. Dana Holgerson and Kliff Kingsbury both established their Air Raid street cred at Houston. Houston has always been a hotbed for offensive innovation in college football.
Finding a place that is a hotbed for defensive innovation is a little more difficult. Gary Patterson invented his 4-2-5 scheme at New Mexico during his tenure from 1996-1997. Rocky Long, one of the gurus of the 33 Stack defense, is a New Mexico alum who spent 19 years over four different tenures in Albuquerque. Long is going to Syracuse, but his protege/former boss Danny Gonzales is the head coach of the Lobos. Gonzales is keeping the Stack under new coordinator Troy Reffett, who was promoted from his position as secondary coach.
The 33 Stack has become part of their defensive identity at New Mexico, kind of like the Air Raid is for Texas Tech. Neither scheme was invented at either school, but it was embraced there and is part of their program identity.
Jon Heacock invented his 33 Odd Stack/3-2-6 scheme at Iowa State. Joe Lee Dunn invented the 33 Stack at Memphis. Urban Meyer arguably invented his spread option scheme at Bowling Green. These are one-off happenings, though, not a pattern of innovation over several tenures.
Which programs do you think are hotbeds for innovation?