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switch boards
AGM Electrical Supplies has an assortment of top quality switch boards to meet all of your electrical needs. Each piece is constructed for optimal durability, reliability and industry compliance - so you can trust AGM to deliver innovative switchboard solutions for all of your projects. Switch boards are essential components of electrical systems, serving as the center for electricity control and distribution throughout a building. Their proper installation is essential to ensuring their safety, reliability and efficiency; in this article we'll review some helpful installation techniques with specific focus on key considerations and best practices.
Planning and Design:
Any switch boards installation project should begin with careful planning and design. Consider your electrical load requirements, anticipated expansion plans, building specifications and any unique switch boards building requirements when starting this undertaking. Enough space should be allotted for components like circuit breakers, fuses and wiring; seeking professional advice regarding compliance with local codes and regulations may also prove invaluable.
Location and Accessibility:
It is of utmost importance that switch boards be placed in accessible spots free from excess heat, moisture, chemicals or moisture - such as near windows for air circulation - as this makes maintenance and troubleshooting much simpler. Furthermore, switch boards must not be placed near flammable materials or flood-prone areas as this would undermine their effectiveness as tools of maintenance and troubleshooting efforts.
Adequate Sizing and Capacity:
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PVC switch board
Acknowledging electrical load requirements is of utmost importance when choosing a switchboard size; under-sizing could result in overheating, circuit overloading or possible hazards. Care must be taken when selecting an ideal switchboard size by taking into account current and future building needs, expansions or upgrades planned as well as consulting an electrical engineer regarding capacity rating requirements and ratings.
Proper cable management and labeling are integral elements of an organized switch boards installation. Cables should be laid out neatly without excessive bends or tangles, and colored labels for circuits and connections should make troubleshooting and maintenance tasks simpler; quick identification of circuits lowers risks while simultaneously increasing safety.
Earthing and Grounding:
Electrical safety depends upon proper earthing and grounding practices. Make sure that your switch boards is adequately grounded with low resistance pathways that enable fault currents to travel freely through. Stick to regulations and guidelines regarding grounding systems; utilize conductors/connectors/coaches suitable for your environment, and regularly inspect/maintain connections to ensure their effectiveness of switch boards.
Surge Protection:
switch boards With today's increasingly digital world comes a greater emphasis on protecting sensitive electronic equipment from power surges. Install surge protection devices (SPDs) into switchboard installations in order to shield against voltage spikes and transient surges; SPDs provide vital protection from equipment damage while keeping operations uninterrupted; so before making your selection consult an expert regarding type and placement.
Ventilation and Cooling:
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switch board
Proper ventilation and cooling are an integral component of switchboard longevity and performance. To dissipate heat produced by electrical components, use fans, louvers or vents as necessary; additionally consider installing temperature monitoring devices so as to quickly detect overheating issues.
Safety should always come first when installing switch boards to protect both users and equipment. Installation must include providing protective barriers like lockable doors or enclosures to restrict unauthorized access and accidental contact; insulation; fastening all electrical connections securely; inspecting regularly to identify and address potential safety risks promptly, and performing regular inspection and maintenance to detect and address them quickly.
Documentation and Maintenance:
Accurate documentation is vital for future reference and maintenance requirements associated with switchboard installations. switch boards To meet this demand, create complete records of your switchboard's installation including circuit diagrams, cable schedules, component specifications and troubleshooting aids such as schematics for use when troubleshooting modifications/upgrades/new issues arise; additionally providing these details helps troubleshooting efforts when performing modifications/upgrades while speeding troubleshooting efforts overall. Also establish regular maintenance schedules so components are checked, cleaned/tested regularly over time in order to maintain reliability over time.
Compliance With Regulations:
AGM Electrical Supplies, regulations, and standards vary considerably across countries; therefore it's vital that when installing switchboards they adhere to all relevant guidelines to ensure full compliance throughout. Take time to become acquainted with any relevant guidelines to ensure full compliance every step of the way.

I got an Intellivision II console which is in really great phisical condition. However, the console would not turn on. After initial inspection -and following the Service Manual troubleshooting flow- noticed no AC voltage was getting to TP1 and TP2. Following the traces from the AC jack to the powerboard connector I quickly found the culprit. the 2A Pico fuse was blown.
I replaced the fuse with a new one, and got power flowing back again to the Power supply board. Hpwever, the console would not boot. A humming sound was coming from the power supply board and after a few minutes of testing the fuse blown again.
Long story-short, whenever I replace the fuse, after a few minutes of trouble-shooting it will blow again. So something may be wrong with the power supply -tested by removing the power board and the fuse would not blow.. of course, the console would not work either.
I have been trying to follow the troubleshooting guide and got struck at the next step, looking at TP8 -which is the control pin coming from the powereset switch on the mainboard. That pin should be at about +21 VDC once connected and powered down, go to zero VDC while pushing the reset button and then go up to +5 VDC, once powered on.
However, al I get is 9 VDC regardless of the state of the button. and if I leave the console powered on, the fuse will eventually blow.
I have probed different components with the multimeter trying to find any shorts. All diodes, resstors, caps, and transistors seem to be ok. The only odd behavior - and this is where my ignorance kicks in- was that I found all the tranformes pins (both input and output ones) to be shorted with the continuity test on the multimeter. Not sure if this is expected or not.
I removed the transformer from the board and noticed it has three sets of pins with colored wires on them. three pins are have green wires and the other three have red wires. The pins with same color wire, seem to be connected together. as those pins have continuity among them. However, the pins of different wire color are not shorted.
See diagram below:
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Transformer pinout
Power Supply Board
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Power Supply Board (showing transformer connections)
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Power Supply board showing the components and affected traces (violet is the ground plane, red/yellow are the pins with wrong voltages)
Having said that, because of the way these pins are connected to the power board, they all end up being shorted. This really defies me as I was not able to find a data sheet for this component. It seems odd to me that all these pins seems to end up shorted together.
Not sure how to continue troubleshooting this, voltage on TP8 (lower pin of the board connector) is not behaving as expected. However, I have no clue whether this might be connected to the issue with the transformer and where that humming noise is comming from.
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Humming from Power Supply board
Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.
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Hi i recently got a junkyard OEM head unit to get rid of the abomination that was previously in my car when I bought it (2004 RX8 6MT). I noticed at night with my lights on that none of my buttons were illuminated like they should be shown in the second picture from another 8. It’s not the end of the world but I like the look of the illuminated interior and was wondering if anyone had any suggestions on ways to solve/troubleshoot this?
I checked the fuses and everything seems fine. I also looked at a PDF of the electrical diagram that showed the “Audio Unit Illumination” so I may look into ways to mess with that as well. The previous owner did install a metro kit that I then uninstalled to not sure if that may have something to do with it as well.
And a side-note, I also can’t seem to get my gauge cluster to change to the blue and red when I mess with the dimmer wheel and I thought that all 2004’s could do that but I could be wrong.
Trying to “restore” my car to its former glory so any tips or advice would be much appreciated. Thanks.

摘要：本文主要阐述了IT隔离电源系统在深圳市第三人民医院ICU、手术室内的应用，以及IT隔离电源系统的重要性、优点及注意事项。 Abstract: This article mainly describes the application of IT isolated power system in ICU and operating room of the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen city, as well as the importance, advantages and matters needing attention of IT isolated power system.
关键字：IT 隔离电源、系统、接地
Key words: IT isolated power supply, system, ground
1、项目概况 Project overview
深圳市第三人民医院项目，位于龙岗区布吉镇李朗立交桥西南侧，建设用地 100005 ㎡，总建筑面积 81737 ㎡，包含门诊楼和医技科研楼、住院楼、行政楼、学术报告厅等共十四栋建筑及配套道路、广场、绿化等。为深圳市重大建设项目，是一所与中心城建设相配套适应 深圳市规划发展的现代化的平战结合的传染病医院。是集医疗、科研、防保、教学与康复为 一体的“三级”传染病医院。
The project of Shenzhen Third People's Hospital is located in the southwest side of Lilang overpass in Buji Town, Longgang District. The construction area is 10,0005 ㎡, and the total construction area is 81,737 ㎡, including 14 buildings such as outpatient building, medical technology research building, inpatient building, administrative building and academic lecture hall, and supporting roads, squares and greening, etc..As a major construction project of Shenzhen city, it is a modern infectious disease hospital which is compatible with the construction of the central city and ADAPTS to the planned development of Shenzhen city.It is a three-level infectious disease hospital integrating medical treatment, scientific research, prevention and protection, teaching and rehabilitation.
2、关于设置 IT 隔离电源系统的相关规范要求
Specification requirements for setting up IT isolated power system
随着社会经济的不断发展，大型综合型的现代化医院不断投入建设，因而医院电气安全可靠也引起来业界的重视，其中关于 ICU、手术室等重要场合的配电安全可靠越来越引起业界重视。尤其是关于IT隔离电源的设置。GB16895.24-2005/IEC60364-7-710:2002 标准中规定，在医疗领域2类医疗场所内，用于维持生命的、外科手术的和其他位于“患者区域”内的医疗电器设备和系统的供电回路应选用带绝缘监视的医疗IT系统供电。2008年8月1日正式实施的《民用建筑电气设计规范》中12.8.6对医疗场所采用的IT系统供电做了相应要求和规定。
With the continuous development of society and economy, large comprehensive modern hospitals are constantly put into construction, so the electrical safety and reliability of hospitals have also attracted the attention of the industry.The safety and reliability of power distribution in important occasions such as ICU and operating room have attracted more and more attention from the industry. Especially with regard to IT isolation power Settings.According to gb16895.24-2005 /IEC60364-7-710:2002, the power supply circuit for life-sustaining, surgical, and other medical electrical equipment and systems located in the "patient area" in class 2 medical facilities in the medical field shall be powered by medical IT systems with insulation and monitoring.12.8.6 In the Civil Building Electrical Design Code officially implemented on August 1, 2008, the corresponding requirements and regulations are made for the POWER supply of IT system used in medical places.
（1）在2类医疗场所内，用于维持生命、外科手术和其他位于“患者区域”内的医用电气设备和系统的供电回路，均应采用医疗IT系统。
In class 2 medical facilities, the medical IT system shall be used for the power supply circuits for life-sustaining, surgical and other medical electrogas equipment and systems located in the "patient area".
（2）用途相同且相毗邻的房间内，至少应设置一回独立的医疗IT系统，并配有绝缘监测器。
Separate medical IT systems should be installed at least once in adjacent rooms for the same purpose.And it is equipped with insulation monitor.
（3）每个医疗IT系统应设在医务人员可以经常监视的地方，并应装设配备有声光报警系统。
Each health IT system should be located where medical personnel can monitor IT regularly and should be equipped with an audible and visual alarm system.
（4）医疗IT变压器应装设过负荷和过热的监测装置。
Medical IT transformers should be equipped with monitoring devices for overload and overheating.
12.8.10中对辅助等电位联结做了相关规定。同时，在条文说明中规定12.8.1-12.8.6，12.8.10是根据国家标准《特殊装置或场所的要求医疗场所》GB16895.24的规定。其中2类场所包括：抢救室（门诊手术室）、手术室、CU 室、导管介入室、血管照影检查室。
In 12.8.10, relevant provisions are made for auxiliary equipotential connection.At the same time, 12.8.1-12.8.6 are stipulated in the provisions of 12.8.10 in accordance with the national standard "Medical Places required by Special Devices or Places" GB16895.24.The two types of places include: emergency room (outpatient operating room), operating room, CU room, catheter intervention room and angiography room.
3、IT 隔离电源系统简介及医院采用的重要性 Introduction of IT isolated power system and importance of hospital adoption
1）IT隔离电源系统，I表示电源侧没有工作接地，或经过高阻抗接地。T 表示负载侧电气设备进行接地保护。IT系统在供电距离不是很长时，供电的可靠性高、安全性好。一般用于不允许停电的场所，或者是要求严格地连续供电的地方，医院的手术室、急救室和ICU室等二类场所必须采用IT系统。运用IT方式供电系统，即电源中性点不接地，一旦设备漏电，单相对地漏电电流很小，不会破坏电源电压的平衡，因此可以避免电击等电气事故，同时不足以使回路保护电器动作切断电源，保证供电的不间断。所以比电源中性点接地的系统安全、可靠。
IT isolates the power system, and I indicates that the power side is not working grounded, or is grounded through high impedance.T represents the grounding protection of the electrical and gas equipment at the load side.IT system in the power supply distance is not very long, the reliability of power supply is high, good security.Generally used in places where blackouts are not allowed, or where strict continuous power supply is required, IT systems must be used in hospital operating rooms, emergency rooms, ICU rooms, and other type ii places.The use of IT mode power supply system, that is, the neutral point of the power supply is not grounded, once the equipment leakage, single-phase leakage current to the ground is very small, will not destroy the balance of the power supply voltage, so IT can avoid electric shock and other electrical accidents, at the same time is not enough to make the circuit protection electrical equipment action cut off the power supply, to ensure the uninterrupted power supply.So than the power neutral grounding system is safe and reliable.
2）医院使用隔离电源系统的重要性和必要性。
The importance and necessity of using isolated power systems in hospitals.
众所周知，当用电设备对人体心脏直接漏电大于10uA 时，会造成对病人的微电击事故。
而在一般通用建筑中所采用的对地漏电保护开关，其动作响应值是mA 级（如：30 mA），远远不能满足医疗领域的需要。在医院的特殊环境里，漏电流对病人构成了潜在的危险，因此对电气安全设计也提出了特殊的要求。尤其是那些生命攸关的场所，如外科手术室、重症监护室、心脏手术室等地均需安装医用IT隔离电源系统，其目的就是为了保证对该场所内的医疗电器提供一个安全可靠的电源，以确保病人的安全。在导电体触及到心脏(例如，打开心脏的手术或埋置心脏起搏器)时，在普通安全接地的导体之间流过的细微电流会造成微电击和死亡的可能。隔离变压器就象一个门一样，将医疗地区的非保护区域和保护区域的电气线路隔开，保护区域内所有带电导体是与地隔离的，防止线路绝缘层上危险电流造成微电击。绝缘监视仪必须与隔离变压器配合使用，用来连续监视隔离变压器二次侧的带电导体与地之间的电阻及电流，例如，手术过程中流出体外的血液和金属制的手术台可能会使病人与地形成一个通路，这样就存在预期危险电流，一旦医疗电子设备的导电体也形成对地通路(如漏电)，将会造成宏电击(不是所有电流都流经心脏)或微电击(所有电流都流经心脏)。一般供电电网是以大地作为参考电位，相线中的电流可以通过任何未绝缘的通道，对地构成回路，这是电击的根本原因。隔离供电是采用隔离变压器供电，电源经隔离变压器后，原电网中的地已不再是参考电位了。隔离变压器任何一根输出线都不能与地构成回路，只能在两根输出线之间构成回路，这就提高了供电的可靠性。用隔离变压器以分隔非保护区域与保护区域，在隔离变压器的次级引出IT系统的电源，以防止产生接地故障电流。将IT系统引入手术室或急救室，在房间内设一配电箱，箱内放置绝缘监视仪，绝缘监视仪的使用可以及早的显示隔离变压器次级负载部分的绝缘状况，在发生绝缘故障对人身构成威胁前就提供报警信号。而此时电源不会被切断，保证了供电的连续性，医护人员此时可以根据监视仪上显示的漏电流大小和手术的实际情况及时处理，因而人身触电的危险被降低到了最小。
It is well known that when the direct leakage of electrical equipment to the human heart is greater than 10uA, it will cause a micro-shock accident to the patient.
However, the action response value of the earth leakage protection switch used in general general buildings is mA level (such as: 30 mA), which is far from meeting the needs of the medical field.In the special environment of hospital, leakage current poses a potential danger to patients, so special requirements are put forward for electrical safety design.In particular, those vital places, such as surgical operating rooms, intensive care units, cardiac operating rooms, etc., need to install medical IT isolation power system, the purpose of which is to ensure a safe and reliable power supply to medical appliances in the site, so as to ensure the safety of patients.When the conductor touches the heart (for example, during open-heart surgery or embedding a pacemaker), the tiny currents flowing between normally safely grounded conductors can cause micro-shocks and the possibility of death.The isolation transformer acts as a door separating the non-protected area of the medical area from the electrical wiring in the protected area. All live conductors in the protected area are isolated from the ground to prevent the dangerous current on the line insulation from causing a micro-shock.Insulation monitors must be used together with the isolation transformer, used for continuous monitoring isolation transformer secondary side of charged conductor and earth between the resistance and current, for example, in the process of the operation flow of blood and in vitro metal table may make the patient and to form a path, so there are dangerous currents, once the conductor in the medical electronic equipment form of pathways (such as leakage), will cause the macro electric shock (not all current flows through the heart) or micro electric shock (all electric current flows through the heart).Generally, the power supply network takes the ground as the reference potential, and the current in the phase line can pass through any uninsulated channel to form a circuit to the ground, which is the root cause of electric shock.Isolated power supply is the use of isolated transformer power supply, power through the isolated transformer, the original grid is no longer a reference potential.None of the output lines of the isolating transformer can form a circuit with the ground, but can only form a circuit between two output lines, which improves the reliability of power supply.The isolating transformer is used to separate the unprotected area from the protected area, and the power of the IT system is extracted at the secondary of the isolating transformer to prevent the generation of ground fault current.The IT system will be introduced into the operating room or emergency room, and a distribution box will be set in the room, and insulation monitors will be placed in the box. The use of insulation monitors can show the insulation status of the secondary load part of the isolation transformer as early as possible, and alarm signals will be provided before the insulation failure poses a threat to the person.At this time, the power will not be cut off, to ensure the continuity of power supply.Medical staff can then monitor the leakage current and the actual operation, so that the risk of personal shock is minimized.
4、深圳市某医院 IT 隔离电源系统的配置情况 Configuration of IT isolated power supply system in a hospital in Shenzhen city
深圳市某医院在所有手术室和ICU装设有医用IT隔离电源系统。具体组成包括隔离变压器、绝缘监视仪、外接报警和显示仪、电流互感器等，该系统集绝缘监视的连续性，提高防火负荷监视和变压器温度监视于一体，降低了接触电压和对地漏电流，使人身触电危险降低到最小程度，大大提高了事故预防能力，保持供电安全性。深圳市某医院选用的是德国本德尔IT隔离电源系统，其系统图如下：
A hospital in Shenzhen has installed a medical IT isolated power system in all operating rooms and ICUs.Specific composition including isolation transformer, insulation monitors, external alarm and display, current transformer, etc., the system sets the continuity of insulation monitoring, monitoring, and improve the fire load transformer temperature monitoring at an organic whole, reduces the contact voltage and the floor drain current, make person get an electric shock hazard to minimize, greatly improve the ability of accident prevention, to keep the power supply security.A hospital in Shenzhen city chose Bendell IT isolated power supply system from Germany. 系统图如下： The system diagram is as follows:
1）ICU中的IT隔离电源系统如下：
The IT isolated power system in the ICU is as follows:
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https://preview.redd.it/0sft5b680j4b1.png?width=387&format=png&auto=webp&s=43b5e501e9e57f5bf46ec28c80ee512225c4adf0
每个ICU装设一套6.3KVA IT系统（含6.3KVA隔离变压器ES710，绝缘监视仪107TD47，电流互感器STW2，外接报警显示和测试仪MK2007CBM-CN，仪器专用电源AN450）。
Each ICU is equipped with a set of 6.3KVA IT system (including 6.3KVA isolation transformer ES710, insulation monitor 107TD47, current transformer STW2, external alarm display and tester MK2007CBM-CN, special instrument power supply AN450).
2）手术室中IT隔离电源系统图 Diagram of IT isolated power supply system in operating room
https://preview.redd.it/nyzbcz5a0j4b1.png?width=624&format=png&auto=webp&s=6d1215898bbb75251951d7b1dfbf50ee83d1d156
每个手术室装设有一套8KVAIT隔离电源系统（含隔离变压器8KVA、绝缘监视仪、专用电源、外接报警显示和测试仪MK2007CBM-CN）。
Each operating room is equipped with a set of 8KVAIT isolated power supply system (including isolation transformer 8KVA, insulation monitor, special power supply, external alarm display and tester MK2007CBM-CN).
3）系统设备功能: System and equipment functions:
a)绝缘监视仪 Insulation monitor
-绝缘监视报警系统符合IEC61557-8、IEC60364-7-710标准。
- 为医疗IT系统专用绝缘监视仪
- 绝缘监视、负荷监视和隔离变压器温度监视功能
- 带背光的液晶显示
- 绝缘监视响应值调节范围50kΩ-500Ω
- 过负荷监视响应值调节范围5A-50A
- 输出报警继电器
- RS485接口
- 测量值模拟电流信号输出
- 内置或外接自检按钮
- 接线监视
- 导轨安装
-交流内阻抗应至少为100kΩ;
-测试电压不大于直流25V;
-即使在故障情况下，其注入电流的峰值不大于1Ma;
-最迟在绝缘电阻降至50kΩ时，应发出信号,并配置试验此功能的器具。
- Insulation monitoring and alarm system conforms to IEC61557-8 and IEC60364-7-710 standards.
- Special insulation monitors for medical IT systems
- Insulation monitoring, load monitoring and isolation transformer temperature monitoring functions
- LCD with backlit display
- insulation monitoring response value adjusting range 50kΩ-500Ω
- Adjustment range of overload monitoring response value 5A-50A
- Output alarm relay
- RS485 interface
-Measured value analog current signal output
- Built-in or external self-check button
- Wiring monitoring
- Guide rail installation
- ac impedance should be at least 100kΩ;
- The test voltage shall not be greater than dc 25V;
- Even in the case of fault, the peak value of its injected current is not greater than 1Ma;
- the latest in insulation resistance to the 50 kΩ, should be a signal.And the apparatus for testing this function is configured.
b)隔离变压器 Isolating transformer
-满足《建筑物电气装置 第 7-710 部分：特殊装置或场所的要求—医疗场所
GB16895.24-2005/IEC60364-7-710:2002 710.512.1.6中规定:医用隔离变压器应符合IEC61558-2-15的要求。
- 容量 3.15-10kVA
- 绕组内部安装温度传感器
- 噪音低于 35 分贝
- 变压器紧靠医疗场所安装，安装在柜内或外护物内以免被无意地接触期带电部分。
-变压器的二次侧额定电压 Un 不超过 250V，用于移动式和固定式设备的医疗 IT 系统采用单相变压器，其额定输出容量不小于 0.5Kva，不超过 10Kva。
-隔离变压器的金属外壳与局部等电位联结端子板联结。
- Meeting electrical installations in buildings - Part 7-710: Requirements for special installations or places - Medical places
It is stipulated in GB16895.24-2005/IEC60364-7-710:2002 710.512.1.6 that medical isolating transformers shall meet the requirements of IEC61558-2-15.
- 3.15-10 kva capacity
- Temperature sensor is installed inside the winding
- Noise below 35 decibels
- The transformer is installed close to the medical site, in the cabinet or in the outer sheath to avoid inadvertent contact with live parts.
- the rated voltage on the secondary side of the transformer shall not exceed 250V. Medical IT systems for mobile and stationary equipment shall adopt single-phase transformers with rated output capacity of not less than 0.5Kva and not more than 10Kva.
- The metal housing of the isolating transformer is connected with the local equipotential connection terminal plate.
c) 外接报警显示和测试仪 Alarm and displaying device
- 绝缘监视仪的外接报警和显示装置
- 数码管显示绝缘阻值和负荷状况
- 蜂鸣器声报警及消音按钮
- RS485 接口
- 中文面板
- 防水面板易清洗
-实时监视隔离变压器负荷状况及变压器的绕阻温度。
-一只绿灯亮表示工作正常；
-当绝缘电阻下降到最小整定值时，一只黄灯亮。应不能消除或断开这个亮灯指示；
-当绝缘电阻下降到最小整定值时，音响报警动作。该音响报警可以解除；
-当故障被清除恢复正常后，黄色信号应熄灭。可监测医疗IT变压器的负荷过热。
- External alarm and display devices for insulation monitors
- Digital tube displays insulation resistance and load status
- Buzzer sound alarm and mute button
- RS485 interface
- Chinese panel
- The waterproof panel is easy to clean
- Real-time monitoring of isolating transformer load condition and transformer winding temperature.
- A green light indicates normal operation;
- A yellow light lights up when the insulation resistance drops to the minimum setting value.This light indicator should not be eliminated or disconnected;
- When the insulation resistance drops to the minimum setting value, the sound alarm action.The audible alarm can be cancelled;
- When the fault is cleared and restored to normal, the yellow signal should go out.Can monitor overload overheating of medical IT transformers
5、IT 隔离电源系统有以下优点:
IT isolated power system has the following advantages:
1）触电电压和漏电电流很小，不足以引发电击或其它电气事故；
1) The shock voltage and leakage current are too small to cause electric shock or other electrical accidents;
2）供电系统出现对地故障时，不会导致回路保护电器动作切断电源，保证了供电的不间断。
2) In case of ground fault of the power supply system, the circuit protection device will not cut off the power supply, which ensures the uninterrupted power supply.
6、采用IT隔离电源系统的注意事项
Precautions for using IT to isolate power systems.
1）IT 系统不能引出中性线，因为在中性线发生接地故障时绝缘监测仪无法故障报警，系统将变为 TT 或 TN 系统，再发生相线接地故障，则系统电源将被切断，可能会产生严重后果。
1) The IT system cannot lead out the neutral wire, because the insulation monitor cannot give an alarm when the neutral wire has ground fault, and the system will
If TT or TN system is changed, the power supply of the system will be cut off if the phase-to-ground fault occurs again, which may have serious consequences.
2）由于 IT 系统发生一相接地时，另两相对低电压将升高，因此对电气线路及电气设备绝缘水平要求较高。
2) The other two relatively low voltages will increase when the IT system is connected to the ground, so the electrical circuits and electrical equipment are insulated, the level is high.
3）IT 系统的绝缘监测仪需通过 PE 线接地，因此其与PE线的连接必须可靠。
3) The insulation monitor of the IT system needs to be grounded through the PE wire, so its connection with the PE wire must be reliable.
7、 安科瑞医疗IT隔离电源系统的介绍
An introduction to the Acrel Medical IT Isolation power system
7.1 概述Overview
随着电子医疗设备在医院领域的广泛应用，漏电流对病人构成的威胁也越来越大，尤其是那些生命攸关的场所，病人在手术中或麻醉状态下，各种电极、传感器直接插入人体内，微小的漏电流都有可能导致病人触电身亡。另外有些医疗设备用于维持重症病人的生命，一旦设备停电，也会对病人的生命构成威胁。因此，对于医疗这一特殊场所的电气设计，应严格按照国家标准和规范进行。
安科瑞医用IT系统绝缘监测故障定位装置及系统适用于医院的手术室、ICU(CCU)监护病房等重要场所，能为这类场所提供安全、连续、可靠的供电解决方案。
With the wide application of electronic medical equipment in the field of hospitals, leakage current poses more and more threats to patients, especially in those places where life is crucial. During surgery or under anesthesia, a variety of electrodes and sensors are directly inserted into the body of patients, and tiny leakage current may lead to death by electrocution.In addition, some medical equipment is used to maintain the life of seriously ill patients, once the equipment power failure, it will also pose a threat to the lives of patients.Therefore, the electrical design of this special place for medical treatment should be carried out in strict accordance with national standards and norms.
Ankore medical IT system insulation monitoring fault location device and system are suitable for the hospital operating room, ICU(CCU) ward and other important places, can provide safe, continuous, reliable power supply solutions for such places.
7.2 医用隔离电源系统Medical isolation power system
医用隔离电源监控系统用于集中监控医疗大楼内所有医疗２类场所医疗IT系统的运行状况。这种集中监控系统可以设置在医院电气运行和维护人员的值班室内，也可以集成在其它电力监控系统中，由专业的电气人员进行监控，一旦某套IT系统出现故障，电气维护人员也能在一时间内做出判断，并根据现场情况进行处理。
The medical Isolated power monitoring system is used to centrally monitor the health of the medical IT system in all medical 2 locations in the medical building.The centralized monitoring system can be set up in the hospital electrical operation and maintenance personnel on duty room, also can be integrated in other power monitoring system, monitoring by professional electrical personnel, once a set of IT systems fail, electrical maintenance personnel can in time to make a judgment, and according to the site condition for processing.
系统拓扑图 System topology
https://preview.redd.it/h5ehfeqe0j4b1.png?width=497&format=png&auto=webp&s=e0d9f132a69c2c8f1b9e137b20e9d3fb96e72b03
7.3 软件功能Software functions
安科瑞医用隔离电源监控系统是基于触摸屏软件设计，软件具有远程测量、远程参数设置和远程自检等多种功能，为医院2类场所隔离电源系统的集中监控提供了强大的系统集成工具。软件的主要功能如下：
Acrel medical isolated power monitoring system is based on the touch screen software design, the software has a variety of functions such as remote measurement, remote parameter setting and remote self-inspection, which provides a powerful system integration tool for the centralized monitoring of the isolated power system in 2 types of hospitals.The main functions of the software are as follows:
https://preview.redd.it/12oywbng0j4b1.png?width=477&format=png&auto=webp&s=83d968ddf470751ebd9336d8071c7e5f0e4f0585
■ 一次图和现场分布显示
Primary diagram and field distribution display
系统具有一次图及现场分布图显示功能，能直观的了解并及时地发现IT供电系统的报警地点或区域，从而方便专业人员及时到达现场进行故障排查；
The system has the function of one-time diagram and field distribution diagram display, can intuitively understand and timely find the alarm location or area of IT power supply system, so as to facilitate professionals to timely arrive at the scene for fault troubleshooting;
■ 实时数据采集与显示
Real-time data acquisition and display
利用安装于各隔离电源系统中绝缘监测仪表和绝缘故障定位仪表，采集各隔离电源系统的参数。采集到的数据实时显示在监控系统界面，这些监测参量含IT系统对地绝缘电阻、变压器负荷电流、变压器绕组温度及绝缘故障回路等；
The parameters of each isolated power system are collected by means of insulation monitoring instrument and insulation fault location instrument installed in each isolated power system.The collected data will be displayed on the interface of the monitoring system in real time. These monitoring parameters include insulation resistance of IT system to ground, transformer load current, transformer winding temperature and insulation fault circuit, etc.
https://preview.redd.it/pl58fxuh0j4b1.png?width=486&format=png&auto=webp&s=789907bcf90ce9f2f81bd9919155c518d409bc07
■ 故障报警Fault alarm
将各医用隔离电源系统出现的各类故障，如绝缘故障、过载故障、超温故障以及接线断线故障等信息进行统一处理和记录，并可直接在显示界面上弹出显示故障类型、监测值、故障地点以及故障发生时间等信息。同时启动监控系统的声光报警系统，及时提醒相关人员，进行故障处理。其中，声音报警信号可被手动消除。
All kinds of faults in the medical isolated power system, such as insulation fault, overload fault, overtemperature fault and connection break fault, are uniformly processed and recorded, and information such as fault type, monitoring value, fault location and fault occurrence time can be displayed directly on the display interface.At the same time start the monitoring system sound and light alarm system, timely remind the relevant personnel, fault treatment.Among them, the sound alarm signal can be manually eliminated.
■ 远程参数设置和查询Remote parameter Settings and queries
通过系统，可根据要求远程调整和设置各医用隔离电源系统中绝缘监测仪的各类报警参数阈值，也可以任意查看这些报警参数值。参数包括绝缘报警值、负载电流报警值和隔离变压器温度报警值等。
Through the system, all kinds of alarm parameter thresholds of insulation monitors in medical isolated power supply systems can be adjusted and set remotely according to requirements, and these alarm parameter values can also be checked at will.The parameters include insulation alarm value, load current alarm value and isolation transformer temperature alarm value
https://preview.redd.it/myyo7o3u0j4b1.png?width=486&format=png&auto=webp&s=80ad93926c4c3e63ca2b006f380c667865cfc37b
■ 图形显示功能：Graphic display function:
系统可以以曲线的形式，显示各套隔离电源系统的绝缘状况、负载状况，以及隔离变压器的温升状况，以及它们的变化趋势，以便于分管理人员了解和分析各电源系统的运行变化情况，有针对性的对某些系统进行维护和保养。
7.4 安科瑞医用IT系统四件套选型 Acrel medical IT system four-piece set selection
医用IT系统绝缘监测产品（四件套）包括AITR-S系列医用隔离变压器、AIM-M10医疗智能绝缘监测仪、AKH-0.66P26电流互感器和AID系列（AID10、AID150）外接报警与显示仪等，产品如图5所示。
The system can be in the form of a curve, showing the insulation status of each set of isolated power supply system, load status, as well as the isolation transformer temperature rise status, as well as their change trend, in order to facilitate the sub-managers to understand and analyze the operating changes of each power supply system, targeted maintenance and maintenance of some systems.
Insulation monitoring products of medical IT system (a four-piece set) include AITR S series medical isolation transformer, AIM-M10 medical intelligent insulation monitor, abakh 0.66P26 current transformer and AID series (AID10, AID150) external alarm and display instrument, etc., as shown in Figure 5.
名称及型号
Name and type
产品图片
Product Picture
说明
Description
AITR 系列医用隔离
变压器
AITR series medical isolation transformer
AITR系列隔离变压器专用于医疗IT系统，铁芯采用日本进口的硅钢片叠加而成，损耗很小。绕组间采用了双重绝缘处理，并设有静电屏蔽层，减少了绕组间的电磁干扰。线包内安装了 PT100 温度传感器，用于监测变压器温度。整体采用真空侵漆处理，增加了机械强度和抗腐蚀性。产品具有很好的温升性能和很低的噪声。AITR series isolation transformer is specially used in medical IT system, and the core superposition adopts the silicon steel sheet imported from Japan, which has very small losses. The windings are treated with double insulation and have electrostatic shielding layer, which reduces electromagnetic interference between windings. The PT100 temperature sensor is installed in the windings to monitor the temperature of transformer. The whole body is treated with vacuum invasion paint, which increases mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. The product has good temperature rise performance and very low noise.
AIM-M10 医疗智能
绝缘监测仪
AIM-M10 medical insulation monitoring device
AIM-M10医疗智能绝缘监测仪采用先进的微控制器技术，集成度高，体积小巧，安装方便，集智能化、数字化、网络化于一身，是手术室、重症监护室等医疗2类场所隔离电源系统绝缘监测的理想选择。
AIM-M10 medical insulation monitoring device is special for medical IT system.It is used to monitor the insulation status of IT system.It can send out alarm signals when insulation fault occurs.
AKH-0.66P26
电流互感器
AKH-0.66P26
current transformer
AKH-0.66P26型电流互感器是与AIM-M10绝缘监测仪配套使用的保护型电流互感器，最大可测电流为60A，变比是2000：1，电流互感器采用螺丝直接固定的方式装于机柜内部，二次侧通过接线柱引出，安装和使用方便。
The AKH-0.66P26 type current transformer is the protective current transformer which the maximum measurable current is 60A and the transformation ratio is 2000:1. The current transformer is directly fixed inside cabinet by screwing
AID series external alarm and displayer
AID10
​
适合于嵌入墙体安装，可监控1台AIM-M10绝缘监测仪，具有绝缘、过载、超温、设备故障等故障的声光报警功能，指示灯显示，RS485通讯。
It is suitable for wall installation embedded and can monitor 1 AIM-M10 insulation monitor. It has sound and light alarm function of insulation, overload, overtemperature and equipment failure, and RS485 communication.
AID150
采用LCD液晶显示，RS485总线，可集中监控最多16套 AIM-M10医疗智能绝缘监测仪的数据，可远程声光报警。AID150还可监控多套AIM-R100剩余电流监测仪的数据。
LCD display, RS485 bus, centralized monitoring of up to 16 SETS of AIM-M10 medical intelligent insulation monitor data, sound and light alarm can be remote. The AID150 can also monitor data from multiple AIM-R100 residual current monitors.
Table 1 Insulation monitoring products of medical IT system (four-piece set)
参考文献
[1]德国本德尔IT隔离电源系统产品资料.
[2]王厚余论IT系统的应用建筑电气，2008（11）：3-7.
[3]刘建军、IT隔离电源系统在深圳市第三人民医院的应用.
[4]安科瑞企业微电网设计与应用手册.2019.11版.
Bibliography
[1]Product information of IT isolated power supply system of Bender, Germany.
[2]Wang Houyu on Applied Building Electricity of IT System, 2008 (11) : 3-7.
[3]Application of Liu Jianjun and IT Isolated power Supply system in Shenzhen Third People's Hospital.
[4]Design and Application Manual of Ankore Enterprise Microgrid.2019.11 edition

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