Hemp farmer in North Carolina growing for craft flower market.

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CiTech (Critical Infrastructure Technologies) (CSE: CTTT) (OTC: CTTTF). The company’s lead product set is a range of rapidly deployable, high-capacity communications platforms called the NEXUS 16. The shares listed in late February 2023.
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Upon completing the rollout of its technology, CTTT aims to become an established player in the high-capacity mobile and rapidly deployable markets, delivering long-range communications systems into those places where they are most critically needed.
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Let’s use North American forest fires as the current major disaster and then outline the unparalleled relevance of CTTT’s amazing communications technology. CTTT anticipates expanding its business by combining quick-return sales with annuity-based easing to the blue-chip resource, defence, and government sectors. (CSE). Here is CiTech’s LinkedIn page.
One large new fire was reported in New Jersey. Nationally, seven large fires have burned 66,209 acres in six states. Since January 1, 18,403 wildfires have burned 518,698 acres across the United States. These numbers are slightly below the 10-year average of 21,908 wildfires and 1,016,684 acres burned.
As well, Canada is on track for its worst-ever year of wildfire destruction as warm and dry conditions are forecast to persist through to the end of the summer after an unprecedented start to the fire season.
For a map of North American dates upuntil midday June 6th, click here.
https://preview.redd.it/i335kaxclz4b1.png?width=595&format=png&auto=webp&s=1ff165cc571efbe3678fee7766017242fb6e1df6
It is horrifying. The bravery of these fire fighters is virtually peerless.
CiTech has a direct and critical response to disasters with it’s NEXUS 16 comminications tower. Arguably, the first loss in a disaster is critical comunications systems and infrastructure. You’ll likey agree these amazing products have a place in just about evert town on earth and the quick ability to deploy.
https://preview.redd.it/r6wp1v9flz4b1.png?width=302&format=png&auto=webp&s=0db596582088ee91de8ee02c22e6ed23af40ccf3
Once communications are lost, the solar powered, self contained NEXUS can be deployed and restore communications in 30 minute. 30 minutes. Dwell on that for a moment. For all investors—and everyone else—the NEXUS 16 has a minimal environmental impact. The device, with a small equipment room is solar powered, does not need a level base and uses very little diesel. No specialised training or operators are required.
“We can get an entire town back on the air again, in 30 minutes without anything other than a truck that can move it,” CiTech’s engineer Andrew Hill said, “We found a way to build a room which could house the technology that phone companies need or mining companies need, or emergency services need or more importantly defence needs as well.”
The enclosed article exemplifies the salient points in this article and the expanding awareness of the importance and compelling nature of the Company’s technology.
It would be ghoulish to identify CiTech as a proxy for disaster. Instead we should identify as a proxy for safety, help for those in the disaster zone and the lives saved.
Estimates (so far) USD1.79 billion merely to restore Ukraine’s communications infrastructure, the potential of quick deployment is obvious, whether Ukraine, raging bush fires or a weather disaster to name a very, very few.
Talks with supplying Ukraine are ongoing. The U.S., Latvian and Ukrainian governments have expressed an interest in the product, according to CiTech Chief Executive Brenton Scott.
Bottom Line
Unlike a lot of tech companies, CiTech is relatively simple to understand. Proprietary technology to restore communication in a remote area, disaster—natural and manmade—and in a conflict such as the Ukraine conflict. Need a clear definition?
“The Nexus 16 a 20ft container sized, technology-agnostic platform that supports a walk-in equipment room, batteries, solar arrays, and generators along with a 16m folding tower. Able to be transported to site on any truck that can take a standard 20ft container, the Nexis 16 can unload itself, adapt to sloping or uneven ground and then deploy 16m cyclone rated tower. – All within 30 minutes.” By all measure, patient investors can get in on the ground floor and be part of a technology that saves land, property, and more importantly, lives.

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https://preview.redd.it/eylbq978lz4b1.jpg?width=1600&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=8afcbb3e4fddbf0afee055c2def97667d907056c
CiTech (Critical Infrastructure Technologies) (CSE: CTTT) (OTC: CTTTF). The company’s lead product set is a range of rapidly deployable, high-capacity communications platforms called the NEXUS 16. The shares listed in late February 2023.
https://preview.redd.it/g3o623w8lz4b1.png?width=1397&format=png&auto=webp&s=c207875c6be80d16384b4cf161fbf29d51cac41e
Upon completing the rollout of its technology, CTTT aims to become an established player in the high-capacity mobile and rapidly deployable markets, delivering long-range communications systems into those places where they are most critically needed.
https://preview.redd.it/8qln67eblz4b1.png?width=514&format=png&auto=webp&s=09dd5b435df1bab204cb7edf5fb33a4727f939a1
Let’s use North American forest fires as the current major disaster and then outline the unparalleled relevance of CTTT’s amazing communications technology. CTTT anticipates expanding its business by combining quick-return sales with annuity-based easing to the blue-chip resource, defence, and government sectors. (CSE). Here is CiTech’s LinkedIn page.
One large new fire was reported in New Jersey. Nationally, seven large fires have burned 66,209 acres in six states. Since January 1, 18,403 wildfires have burned 518,698 acres across the United States. These numbers are slightly below the 10-year average of 21,908 wildfires and 1,016,684 acres burned.
As well, Canada is on track for its worst-ever year of wildfire destruction as warm and dry conditions are forecast to persist through to the end of the summer after an unprecedented start to the fire season.
For a map of North American dates upuntil midday June 6th, click here.
https://preview.redd.it/cuvjluodlz4b1.png?width=595&format=png&auto=webp&s=2a45ea4cad4e027668673b65e98ab36503d2c707
It is horrifying. The bravery of these fire fighters is virtually peerless.
CiTech has a direct and critical response to disasters with it’s NEXUS 16 comminications tower. Arguably, the first loss in a disaster is critical comunications systems and infrastructure. You’ll likey agree these amazing products have a place in just about evert town on earth and the quick ability to deploy.
https://preview.redd.it/nw06uixflz4b1.png?width=302&format=png&auto=webp&s=08fcf7e8db97c03e10ee99f9751f3edfa744bd0e
Once communications are lost, the solar powered, self contained NEXUS can be deployed and restore communications in 30 minute. 30 minutes. Dwell on that for a moment. For all investors—and everyone else—the NEXUS 16 has a minimal environmental impact. The device, with a small equipment room is solar powered, does not need a level base and uses very little diesel. No specialised training or operators are required.
“We can get an entire town back on the air again, in 30 minutes without anything other than a truck that can move it,” CiTech’s engineer Andrew Hill said, “We found a way to build a room which could house the technology that phone companies need or mining companies need, or emergency services need or more importantly defence needs as well.”
The enclosed article exemplifies the salient points in this article and the expanding awareness of the importance and compelling nature of the Company’s technology.
It would be ghoulish to identify CiTech as a proxy for disaster. Instead we should identify as a proxy for safety, help for those in the disaster zone and the lives saved.
Estimates (so far) USD1.79 billion merely to restore Ukraine’s communications infrastructure, the potential of quick deployment is obvious, whether Ukraine, raging bush fires or a weather disaster to name a very, very few.
Talks with supplying Ukraine are ongoing. The U.S., Latvian and Ukrainian governments have expressed an interest in the product, according to CiTech Chief Executive Brenton Scott.
Bottom Line
Unlike a lot of tech companies, CiTech is relatively simple to understand. Proprietary technology to restore communication in a remote area, disaster—natural and manmade—and in a conflict such as the Ukraine conflict. Need a clear definition?
“The Nexus 16 a 20ft container sized, technology-agnostic platform that supports a walk-in equipment room, batteries, solar arrays, and generators along with a 16m folding tower. Able to be transported to site on any truck that can take a standard 20ft container, the Nexis 16 can unload itself, adapt to sloping or uneven ground and then deploy 16m cyclone rated tower. – All within 30 minutes.” By all measure, patient investors can get in on the ground floor and be part of a technology that saves land, property, and more importantly, lives.

Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR VR) Market Overview:
According to Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR VR) Market research, the market is rapidly evolving, and the influence is being studied in both the present and prospective futures. The market report is a thorough investigation that focuses on worldwide consumption patterns, development trends, sales patterns, and sales in key nations. Comprehensive market research is conducted, taking into account a number of elements such as a country's existence and business climate, as well as the market's distinctive influence.
The Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR VR) Market research report discusses market share, key trends, historical and forecast costs, revenue, demand and supply statistics, market growth analysis, the current regulatory environment, and its impact on key geographic areas.
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Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR VR) Market
Major Key Players Included are:

• Samsung Electronics
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• HTC
• Magic Leap
• Microsoft Corporation
• Osterhout Design Group
• Alphabet
• DAQRI
• Facebook
• Others

Market Segmentation Analysis
The report's market estimates are supported by extensive secondary research, primary interviews, and internal expert evaluations. These market estimations were derived through an examination of the market's social, political, and financial components, as well as current market dynamics. According to the Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR VR) Market research report, the market is split by product type, application, end-user, and geography.
Market Segmentation & Sub-segmentation included are:
by Organization Size

• Large Enterprises
• Small Enterprise & Medium-Sized Enterprises

by Technology Type
AR Technology

• Marker-based AR technology
• Markerless AR technology

VR Technology

• Non-Immersive
• Semi-immersive and Fully Immersive Technology

by Component

• Hardware
• Software

by End-user Type

• Commercial
• Consumer

by Application

• Consumer
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• Enterprise
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• Aerospace and Defence
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• Energy
• Others

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The coronavirus outbreak has had a tremendous impact on the global economy. The most recent COVID-19 scenario analysis is also included in this Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR VR) Market research study. The research report also examines the sector's top corporations, distributors, and supply chain organizations of the target market.
Regional Outlook
North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Middle East and Africa are the geographical regions of the Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR VR) Market. The market research report thoroughly studies each geographic market and finds the primary factors impacting the global market as whole.
Competitive Analysis
The research report includes cutting-edge research approaches such as SWOT and Porter's Five Forces analysis to provide readers with a better understanding of major players. There is also information on the economy, worldwide positioning, product portfolios, revenue, gross profit margins, and scientific and technology breakthroughs. The Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR VR) Market report focuses on the most noteworthy industry acquisitions, collaborations, and product launches.
Conclusion
The market research report provides a dashboard overview of well-known organizations, documenting their effective marketing strategies, industry contributions, and most recent developments in both historical and contemporary contexts.
Table of Contents – Major Key Points

1. Introduction
2. Research Methodology
3. Market Dynamics
4. Impact Analysis (COVID-19 Impact Analysis, Impact of Ukraine- Russia war, Impact of Ongoing Recession on Major Economies)
5. Value Chain Analysis
6. Porter’s 5 Forces Model
7. PEST Analysis
8. Augmented and Virtual Reality Market, by Organization Size
9. Augmented and Virtual Reality Market, by Technology Type
10. Augmented and Virtual Reality Market, by Component
11. Augmented and Virtual Reality Market, by End-user Type
12. Augmented and Virtual Reality Market, by Application
13. Regional Analysis
14. Company Profiles
15. Competitive Landscape
16. Conclusion

About Us:
SNS Insider is one of the leading market research and consulting agencies that dominates the market research industry globally. Our company's aim is to give clients the knowledge they require in order to function in changing circumstances. In order to give you current, accurate market data, consumer insights, and opinions so that you can make decisions with confidence, we employ a variety of techniques, including surveys, video talks, and focus groups around the world.

JUNE 6, 2023~Hydrogen industry ramp-up in Germany faces raw material supply challenge~ by Benjamin Wehrmann

Hydrogen industry ramp-up in Germany faces raw material supply challenge – agency Clean Energy Wire
SCANDIUM & TITANIUM
The lack of mineral resources could become a challenge for the planned ramp-up of hydrogen industry in Germany, Europe and worldwide, news agency dpa writes in an article published by magazine Der Stern. Minerals like iridium or scandium are often used in electrolysers which split water into hydrogen and oxygen. A report by the German Mineral Resources Agency (DERA) had found that global demand for scandium could be about 24 tonnes by 2040, 150 percent more than was produced in 2018, while demand for iridium could rise five-fold to 34 tonnes. Iridium, which is mainly mined in South Africa and Russia, is currently considered irreplaceable, DERA geologist Viktoriya Tremareva said. “A significant increase in iridium production is unlikely,” the agency said, adding that production outages, which last occurred in 2021, pose the risk of price hikes. Scandium is mostly mined in China and Russia, but Canada and the Philippines also hold sizeable resources, the agency said. However, setting up extraction capacities for these resources takes years and is contingent on secure long-term demand, which will depend on the prospects of a functioning international hydrogen industry, geologist Christoph Hilgers from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) said. “Germany might be a large industrialised country. But you don’t open new mines for a single country,” Hilgers argued. Alternative electrolysis procedures rely on nickel, of which Russia and China are the main suppliers. Other hydrogen production procedures, such as pyrolysis, are being developed, but could only replace a small fraction of electrolysis-based production in a large-scale green hydrogen production industry, says the article.
Raw material supply for the construction of renewable power installations and other clean energy infrastructure is seen as a potential bottleneck for the energy transition, especially since climate action plans in many countries are set to cause a parallel increase in demand for key resources. Apart from developing alternative construction procedures that reduce reliance on certain materials and suppliers, recycling and greater efficiency are regarded as key levers for reducing the risk of supply bottlenecks.
SEE REPORT LINK:

Booklet (deutsche-rohstoffagentur.de)

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JUNE 6, 2023~Example of hydrogen: scarce raw materials are slowing down the energy transition~

Example of hydrogen: scarce raw materials are slowing down the energy transition - Breaking Latest News
Hopes of the energy transition rest on hydrogen, which is produced with electricity from renewable energies. But important raw materials that are required for the process are scarce.
Most people have probably never heard of iridium and SCANDIUM. But both elements are important for the production of hydrogen. However, they are only available to a limited extent.
The example shows how the lack of raw materials endangers the energy transition. Or the other way around: that the farewell to fossil fuels makes other raw materials all the more important.
This is also politically significant, because many of these scarce raw materials have so far come primarily from Russia and China. This also includes iridium and scandium.
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The energy transition is about saying goodbye to fossil fuels. Energy should be won so that less or none climate-damaging gases like CO₂ are released. But the faster the conversion of the energy supply picks up, the clearer it becomes that the use of wind, sun or hydrogen many, often scarce, raw materials are needed. The farewell to fossil energy makes other raw materials more important. This has economic and political consequences. The example of the elements iridium and scandium for the production of hydrogen makes it clear why this is so.
Because with the desired significant expansion of hydrogen production, there is a risk of a shortage of raw materials, rising prices and new dependencies on a few export countries – above all Russia and China. According to experts, to counteract this, in addition to a lot of research and development, more recycling and mining are necessary – which, however, is not neutral for the environment.
Hydrogen is to gradually replace fossil fuels such as natural gas in Germany. Hydrogen can be produced by breaking down water into hydrogen and oxygen. The process is called electrolysis. This requires electricity. If this electricity is generated with renewable energies, we are talking about green hydrogen.
Hydrogen can be a climate-friendly energy source if the electricity required for production is generated in an environmentally friendly manner.Graphic: F. Bökelmann, editor: M. Lorenz
There are different forms of electrolysis. Some work with chemical elements such as scandium and iridium, which are in short supply. According to Study by the German Raw Materials Agency (Dera) the demand for scandium could be around 24 tons in 2040 – that would be more than two and a half times as much as the amount produced in 2018. In the case of iridium, the forecast even assumes that the demand will then be five times the current production at 34 tons.

New dependence on Russia and China

Iridium is currently considered irreplaceable, says Viktoriya Tremareva from Dera. The precious metal is mainly mined in South Africa and Russia as a by-product of platinum and palladium. “A significant increase in iridium production is unlikely,” says Dera. “In the event of production downtime, there can be dramatic price increases – as in 2021.”

Scandium, on the other hand, comes mainly from China. Also followed by Russia, which has ceased to be a trading partner for the West since the attack on Ukraine. Here, however, Dera sees more alternative mining options, for example in Canada and the Philippines.

However, it takes several years to prepare a deposit for production and to make the raw materials available, says Christoph Hilgers from the Institute for Applied Geosciences at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). However, companies only invest when demand is long-term. So they looked at how serious the hydrogen intentions are, says Hilgers. It’s not just about the energy transition in Germany, but about global trends. “Germany is a large industrial country. But new deposits are not only opened for one country.”
Although no rare metals are required for alkaline electrolysis, says Maike Schmidt from the Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research in Baden-Württemberg. However, nickel is needed in this process, from which Germany and Europe as a whole obtained around 35 to 50 percent of their imports from Russia before the start of the war in Ukraine. Although there are alternatives, “nickel processing is heavily concentrated in China. “New geopolitical dependencies can arise from this, which do not represent an acute bottleneck, but must be monitored.”
The scarcity threatens rising prices for raw materials and, as a result, rising costs for the production of hydrogen. “It is currently not possible to foresee the extent to which these increases will take place,” says Schmidt. It is important to use research and development to reduce the use of critical raw materials.

JUNE 9, 2023~Sunak and Biden reach for critical minerals deal in show of unity~

Sunak and Biden reach for critical minerals deal in show of unity – POLITICO

The US and UK will start negotiating a deal immediately to mitigate the impact of the Inflation Reduction Act.

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WASHINGTON, D.C. — Rishi Sunak and Joe Biden have committed to a cooperation deal on defense and critical minerals as the U.K. prime minister moves away from a post-Brexit vision of unfettered free trade in favor of mutual protection.
The Atlantic Declaration, announced as the two men met in the White House, includes pledges to ease certain trade barriers, strengthen defense industry ties and strike a data protection deal in the face of China’s growing influence.
"The economic relationship between our two countries has never been stronger," Sunak said at a joint White House press conference Thursday. "The relationship is strong — it’s booming — but our agreement today focuses on the particular challenges and opportunities of the moment we’re in."
The two nations have vowed to immediately start negotiating an agreement to mitigate the impact of Biden’s Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), which prevents nations without a U.S. trade deal from accessing the law’s tax credits and subsidies.
Sunak hailed “a new standard for economic cooperation” after abandoning the full-fat free trade agreement promised in the wake of Brexit, with U.K. officials lauding the new approach as a better response to the challenges posed by Beijing and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
Biden has pledged to allow the U.K. access to critical minerals in a similar agreement to that struck by the U.S. with Japan, easing barriers which affected electric vehicle batteries.
The U.S. president signed the IRA into law last August in a bid to reduce the reliance of electric vehicle supply chains on China. The move sparked fears of a withdrawal of investment from car manufacturers in nations without a free trade agreement with the U.S.
But under the terms of the deal, which is yet to be finalized, U.K. electric car makers will be able to get half the $7,500 tax credits available to U.S. companies under the IRA.
“A fundamental change is taking place in terms of international trade," Biden said. "We found out during the pandemic that the reason why we couldn’t build automobiles was that the outfit that we got our semiconductors from in southeast Asia had shut down because of the pandemic. I decided that no longer would we rely on one center of support for any of the things that are needed for economic growth.
“I made it clear to our NATO allies and our partners as well that although we were going to generate, for example, semiconductor capacity here in the United States … that that was available to all of our allies, all of our friends."
Biden has committed to ask Congress to approve the U.K. as a “domestic source” under U.S. defense procurement laws, allowing for greater American investment in British firms.
Work will be carried out to improve the resilience of supply chains and efforts will be stepped up to shut Vladimir Putin’s Russia out of the global civil nuclear market.
The agreement will also include a push for mutual recognition of qualifications for engineers, although this could require state-by-state approval in the U.S.
A deal on data protection will ease burdens for small firms doing transatlantic trade, potentially saving £92 million.
The two nations will also collaborate on key industries — artificial intelligence, 5G and 6G telecoms, quantum computing, semiconductors and engineering biology.
The U.S. confirmed its support for British ambitions to act as a broker on international efforts to ensure the safe development of AI, starting with a summit to be hosted in the U.K. later this year.
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BLOOM ENERGY, CUMMINGS & OTHER U.S, Manufacturers are ramping up domestic productions of END Products.

APRIL 2023 ~ Cummins welcomes Biden, touts $1B investment in US facilities as President Biden Visits Future Electrolyzer Manufacturing Facility on Investing in America Tour

Cummins welcomes Biden, touts $1B investment in US facilities Manufacturing Dive
Biden’s visit to the Cummins Power Generation plant in Fridley, Minnesota was part of the White House’s Investing in America tour.
The president noted in his remarks that the new facility allows Cummins to manufacture its hydrogen electrolyzers on U.S. soil. Cummins operates existing hydrogen electrolyzer manufacturing sites in China, Spain and Canada.
“These are the machines that make clean hydrogen, a renewable energy used to power our economy, from clean cars to trucks to steel to cement manufacturing,” Biden said. “But now, thanks to the Inflation Reduction Act with the tax credits for renewable energy, Cummins is going to manufacture these electrolyzers here in America for the first time.”
Like other auto parts manufacturers, Cummins is utilizing the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and Inflation Reduction Act to expand its manufacturing operations, Cummins President and CEO Jennifer Rumsey said in the release.
“The historic investments included in those pieces of legislation played a key role in our decision to manufacture products here in the U.S., creating more clean-tech jobs and positively impacting our communities,” Rumsey said in a statement.
In addition to the 100 jobs Cummins is hiring for at the renovated plant, the company will retrain the facility’s current 600 workers to produce the hydrogen electrolyzers, Biden said in his remarks.
The company also announced plans on Monday to invest $452 million toward upgrading its engine plant in Jamestown, New York, to produce fuel-agnostic, low-carbon internal combustion engine platforms for heavy-duty trucks. Cummins introduced the new engine platform in February 2022.

FORM YOUR OWN OPINIONS & CONCLUSIONS ABOVE!

(Please Scroll down to see earlier Reddit POSTS ON GREEN HYDROGEN & BLOOM ENERGY & ALL RELEVANT NIOCORP POSTS)
AS BLOOM ENERGY, CUMMINGS & OTHER U.S, Manufacturers are ramping up domestic productions of END Products. Bodes well for NIOCORPS CRIITICAL MINERALS IMHO!
GO TEAM NIOCORP!
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Waiting with many!
CHICO

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Let’s say you’re slogging through a hectic workweek. Your to-do list is crammed with minor tasks like answering emails or submitting invoices, as well as complex projects such as revamping your marketing strategy. In the midst of the chaos, are you more likely to choose the easy or hard tasks?
If your intuition says the easy ones, you’re in good company. Recent research by Maryam Kouchaki, an associate professor of management and organizations at Kellogg, and colleagues suggests that people gravitate toward simpler tasks when struggling with a heavy workload.
However, they find that the strategy doesn’t pay off in the long run.
“Short term, the person could actually feel satisfied, less anxious,” Kouchaki says. But avoiding hard tasks indefinitely also cuts off opportunities to learn and improve one’s skills.
“It’s not in the interests of the individual, the group, or the organization in the long run,” she says. “That learning part is super critical.”
To ward off this temptation, managers should encourage workers to tackle difficult tasks and break projects into bite-sized pieces so that employees still get the satisfaction of completing each step, Kouchaki says.
“You have to do more careful planning to make sure people are given opportunities to learn and are challenged,” she says. An employee who finishes a lot of easy tasks each day may seem productive, but “that’s not ultimately what matters.”

Should You Do Easy or Hard Tasks First?

The idea for the study arose when Kouchaki chatted with Bradley Staats of University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Francesca Gino at Harvard Business School about their own tendency to delay hard tasks in favor of easy ones. For instance, they might prep to teach a routine class rather than write a paper.“When we are overwhelmed and busy, we just go with easier tasks, and the difficult tasks tend to pile up,” Kouchaki says.
The researchers wondered if this bias was widespread. If so, what were the short- and long-term performance effects?

Breaking down complex projects into small milestones can help give workers the completion high they get from easy tasks while still supplying the challenge and opportunities for development.

To find out, they collaborated with Diwas KC at Emory University and focused on task choices among doctors at a hospital.
The researchers obtained data on 84 doctors who treated more than 233,000 patients in an East Coast emergency room from 2005 to 2010. As patients entered the ER, a nurse assigned them an acuity level. Higher acuity likely corresponded to more difficult cases.
Physicians then monitored the queue and chose which case to take. While they took the acuity level of the ailment or injury into consideration, they likely also considered factors such as whether other doctors might be better suited to see the patient, how long the patient had been waiting, and whether they had the bandwidth to do a good job, Kouchaki says.
The researchers estimated the physicians’ workload based on the number of patients already under their care. And the team got a sense of how tired each doctor felt in two ways. First, they noted the number of cases the physician had already finished during that shift. Second, they examined a measure called relative value units (RVUs). Hospitals and Medicare use RVUs to capture factors such as the time, skill, and effort devoted to each case. Doctors who had completed more RVUs earlier in their shift likely felt more depleted, the researchers reasoned.
The team then tracked how the doctors’ decisions appeared to affect their performance in both the short and long term.

A False Sense of Progress with Easier Tasks

As the researchers suspected, having a higher workload increased the likelihood that a doctor would choose an easier patient. Each additional patient under their care was linked to an 8 percent higher chance of selecting a lower-acuity case. In addition, the more RVUs a doctor had completed earlier in their shift, the more likely they were to pick easier patients.
In the short term, this strategy seemed to boost productivity. The larger was the share of a physician’s case load devoted to easy cases, the more patients they got through in a shift. “You feel like you’re making more progress,” Kouchaki says.
The researchers analyzed each physician’s track record over the six-year study period. Not surprisingly, doctors’ service times tended to drop as they completed more cases over time, suggesting that they were getting more efficient.
But when physicians included a greater share of difficult cases in their overall case load, the “speed-up effect” was stronger, the researchers found. In addition, physicians who took on a higher fraction of tough cases tended to generate more RVUs per patient—a proxy for productivity—in the future.
“Physicians who are picking up difficult patients are the ones who learn over time, and they generate more value for the hospital,” Kouchaki says.

Feeling Fatigued

The hospital study was intriguing, but it had a couple of shortcomings. First, it wasn’t a randomized experiment, so the researchers couldn’t say for sure whether the heavy workload caused doctors to pick easy cases. Second, it didn’t fully explain the reason for the phenomenon. Was it fatigue that led the doctors to choose simple patients during an otherwise taxing shift? What about the desire to feel a sense of progress, or feelings of stress? To investigate, the team conducted a second study online. They recruited 365 participants who were asked to read a sideways picture of a book page and type as much of the text as possible in three minutes. Half the group was asked to simultaneously listen to a song and count the number of times that certain words were used, increasing the workload dramatically. Afterward, all participants filled out a survey to report their sense of progress, fatigue, and stress level. Then each person had to choose a second task: one they were told was relatively easy and the other somewhat difficult.
In the high-workload group, 76 percent of participants picked the “easy” second task, compared to 64 percent of the low-workload group.
The researchers also analyzed the survey answers. The less progress a participant felt they had made, or the more tired they felt, the more likely they were to choose the easy task. However, stress didn’t appear to play a role.
“It was more about progress and fatigue,” Kouchaki says.

Baby Steps

These results suggest that managers should educate employees about the importance of tackling hard tasks for professional growth, Kouchaki says.
It’s about “nudging them and helping them to realize that this is so essential for their long-term learning and performance,” she says. Breaking down complex projects into small milestones can help give workers the completion high they get from easy tasks while still supplying the challenge and opportunities for development.
However, researchers still need to study the effectiveness of such strategies. For instance, if doctors dislike being prodded to take harder cases, the policy might backfire, she says.
In her own work, Kouchaki tries to ensure that she prioritizes difficult tasks. But that doesn’t mean she ignores the easy ones. After all, the menial labor still has to get done. And when she gets stuck on a hard project, sometimes she completes a simple task to give herself a boost.
“Getting a sense of progress is so essential,” she says.

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