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Selfrising Flour Market size See Incredible Growth during 2033

2023.06.08 09:33 Suspicious-Desk-711 Selfrising Flour Market size See Incredible Growth during 2033

According to the Regional Research Reports, the global ?selfrising flour market size is estimated to grow from USD a million in 2022 to reach USD multi- million by 2033 at a CAGR of 5.7% from 2023 to 2033. The growth is primarily driven by several variables about which Regional Research Reports provides comprehensive insights and estimation in the global ?selfrising flour market research.
The Regional Research Reports published the report on “global ?selfrising flour market Report 2023 – Future Growth Opportunities, Latest Technological Trends, In-depth Analysis, and Forecast To 2033” provides the futuristic vision of the global ?selfrising flour market along with the market size (Revenue – US$ Million) and estimates for the duration 2023 to 2033. The aforementioned research study examines various market segments in terms of source, nature, end-use, distribution channel, and regional. The competitive profiles of the top vendors of ?selfrising flour products and their most recent developments are also included in the report.
Get Full PDF Sample Copy of Report@ https://www.regionalresearchreports.com/request-sample/self-rising-flour-market/FB-1385
Global ?Selfrising Flour Market Analysis
This report includes market size and forecast analysis for each segment - by source, nature, end-use, distribution channel, and geography. Additionally, for the years 2023 to 2033, compound annual growth rates for all segments have been provided. In addition to highlighting recent market trends for ?selfrising flour, the study also provides information on upcoming trends that will affect demand. The global ?selfrising flour market report also includes annual growth rates for each segment. Additionally, the report analyses the market from the standpoint of production and provides cost overviews for the ?selfrising flour market as well as analyses of labor, raw material, and technology costs.
The market has been segmented by region: North America, South America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Africa. Under North America, the report covers the United States, Canada, and Mexico; whereas Asia Pacific includes China, Japan, India, Korea, ASEAN, Australia & New Zealand, and the Rest of Asia Pacific. The key countries covered under Europe include Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Italy, and the Rest of Europe, whereas the Middle East and Africa is comprised of the Middle East, Africa, and GCC countries. The report also includes market sizes for all regions and sub-regions as of 2022 and through 2033.
This report includes information about the major players, such as overview, revenue, interview record, gross profit, business distribution, etc. These details give the consumer a better understanding of the rivals. Additionally, it details the market's competitive landscape for all significant players identified in the global ?selfrising flour market. Other crucial factors include the plant's location, the source of the technology, the downstream industry, and the contact details.

Top Key Players Profiled in this report are-

Report Details:

Make an Enquire before Purchase @ https://www.regionalresearchreports.com/buy-now/self-rising-flour-market/FB-1385?opt=2950
Report Attribute
Details
Market Size in 2022
USD a million
Market Size in 2033
USD multi- million
CAGR (2023-2033)
5.7%
Base Year for Estimation
2022
Historic Year
2018-2021
Forecast Period
2023-2033
Study Period
2018-2033
Quantitative Units
Revenue in USD Million and CAGR from 2023-2033
Market Factor Analysis
Regions Covered
Countries Profiled
Customization Scope
Free 20% report customization with the purchase within a specific period.
Access full Report Description, TOC, Table of Figure, Chart, etc: https://www.regionalresearchreports.com/table-of-content/self-rising-flour-market/FB-1385
The report provides extensive information about various factors that have been studied as contributing to the market's growth trajectory. The report also outlines the challenges facing the global ?selfrising flour market. Moreover, it evaluates the bargaining power of suppliers and customers, the threat posed by new competitors and the threat of substitutes, and the level of market competition. The report also thoroughly examines the impact of the most recent government regulations. It summarizes the development of the ?selfrising flour market over the forecast periods.

Global ?Selfrising Flour Market Segmentation:

Market Segmentation: By Source

Market Segmentation: By Nature

Market Segmentation: By End-Use

Market Segmentation: By Distribution Channel

Regions Covered in the Global ?Selfrising Flour Market Report 2022:

The cost analysis of the global ?selfrising flour market was carried out, considering the cost of raw materials, labor, and manufacturing, as well as the market concentration rate, suppliers, and price trends. Other factors, such as the sourcing strategy, supply chain, and downstream buyers, have been evaluated to provide a comprehensive and in-depth view of the market. The study on market positioning will also be displayed to report clients, providing target market, brand strategy, and pricing strategy into account.
Request For Report Description @ https://www.regionalresearchreports.com/industry-reports/self-rising-flour-market/FB-1385

The report provides insights on the following pointers:

Market Penetration: Detailed study on the product portfolios of the top key players in the ?selfrising flour market.
Product Development/Innovation: Comprehensive insights on the upcoming innovative technologies, R&D activities, and product developments in the market.
Competitive Assessment: In-depth evaluation of the market strategies and regional and business segments of the leading players in the market.
Market Development: Detailed information on emerging markets. This study examines the market for various segments across geographies.
Market Diversification: comprehensive data on new products, untapped regions, recent investments, and developments in the ?selfrising flour market.

Key Benefits for Stakeholders:

The key questions answered in this report –

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2023.06.08 08:23 Suspicious-Desk-711 textured variegates Market With Manufacturing Process and CAGR Forecast by 2033

According to the Regional Research Reports, the global ?textured variegates market size is estimated to grow from USD a million in 2022 to reach USD multi- million by 2033 at a CAGR of 4.8% from 2023 to 2033. The growth is primarily driven by several variables about which Regional Research Reports provides comprehensive insights and estimation in the global ?textured variegates market research.
The Regional Research Reports published the report on “global ?textured variegates market Report 2023 – Future Growth Opportunities, Latest Technological Trends, In-depth Analysis, and Forecast To 2033” provides the futuristic vision of the global ?textured variegates market along with the market size (Revenue – US$ Million) and estimates for the duration 2023 to 2033. The aforementioned research study examines various market segments in terms of formulation, form, application, end use, and regional. The competitive profiles of the top vendors of ?textured variegates products and their most recent developments are also included in the report.
Get Full PDF Sample Copy of Report@ https://www.regionalresearchreports.com/request-sample/textured-variegates-market/FB-1379

Global ?Textured Variegates Market Analysis

This report includes market size and forecast analysis for each segment - by formulation, form, application, end use, and geography. Additionally, for the years 2023 to 2033, compound annual growth rates for all segments have been provided. In addition to highlighting recent market trends for ?textured variegates, the study also provides information on upcoming trends that will affect demand. The global ?textured variegates market report also includes annual growth rates for each segment. Additionally, the report analyses the market from the standpoint of production and provides cost overviews for the ?textured variegates market as well as analyses of labor, raw material, and technology costs.
The market has been segmented by region: North America, South America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Africa. Under North America, the report covers the United States, Canada, and Mexico; whereas Asia Pacific includes China, Japan, India, Korea, ASEAN, Australia & New Zealand, and the Rest of Asia Pacific. The key countries covered under Europe include Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Italy, and the Rest of Europe, whereas the Middle East and Africa is comprised of the Middle East, Africa, and GCC countries. The report also includes market sizes for all regions and sub-regions as of 2022 and through 2033.
This report includes information about the major players, such as overview, revenue, interview record, gross profit, business distribution, etc. These details give the consumer a better understanding of the rivals. Additionally, it details the market's competitive landscape for all significant players identified in the global ?textured variegates market. Other crucial factors include the plant's location, the source of the technology, the downstream industry, and the contact details.

Top Key Players Profiled in this report are-

Report Details:

Make an Enquire before Purchase @ https://www.regionalresearchreports.com/industry-reports/textured-variegates-market/FB-1379
Report Attribute
Details
Market Size in 2022
USD a million
Market Size in 2033
USD multi- million
CAGR (2023-2033)
4.8%
Base Year for Estimation
2022
Historic Year
2018-2021
Forecast Period
2023-2033
Study Period
2018-2033
Quantitative Units
Revenue in USD Million and CAGR from 2023-2033
Market Factor Analysis
Regions Covered
Countries Profiled
Customization Scope
Free 20% report customization with the purchase within a specific period.
Access full Report Description, TOC, Table of Figure, Chart, etc: https://www.regionalresearchreports.com/table-of-content/textured-variegates-market/FB-1379
The report provides extensive information about various factors that have been studied as contributing to the market's growth trajectory. The report also outlines the challenges facing the global ?textured variegates market. Moreover, it evaluates the bargaining power of suppliers and customers, the threat posed by new competitors and the threat of substitutes, and the level of market competition. The report also thoroughly examines the impact of the most recent government regulations. It summarizes the development of the ?textured variegates market over the forecast periods.

Global ?Textured Variegates Market Segmentation:

Market Segmentation: By Formulation

Market Segmentation: By Form

Market Segmentation: By Application

Market Segmentation: By End Use

Regions Covered in the Global ?Textured Variegates Market Report 2022:

The cost analysis of the global ?textured variegates market was carried out, considering the cost of raw materials, labor, and manufacturing, as well as the market concentration rate, suppliers, and price trends. Other factors, such as the sourcing strategy, supply chain, and downstream buyers, have been evaluated to provide a comprehensive and in-depth view of the market. The study on market positioning will also be displayed to report clients, providing target market, brand strategy, and pricing strategy into account.
Request For Report Description @ https://www.regionalresearchreports.com/industry-reports/textured-variegates-market/FB-1379

The report provides insights on the following pointers:

Market Penetration: Detailed study on the product portfolios of the top key players in the ?textured variegates market.
Product Development/Innovation: Comprehensive insights on the upcoming innovative technologies, RD activities, and product developments in the market.
Competitive Assessment: In-depth evaluation of the market strategies and regional and business segments of the leading players in the market.
Market Development: Detailed information on emerging markets. This study examines the market for various segments across geographies.
Market Diversification: comprehensive data on new products, untapped regions, recent investments, and developments in the ?textured variegates market.

Key Benefits for Stakeholders:

The key questions answered in this report –

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2023.06.08 07:48 axb2013 Why should you make more money than the people you drive around?

So, you, like many others, ran away from jobs where you had to show up on time, be drug free, do actual work, be supervised and have your work quality controlled.
So, you became an Uber driver. Great! No entry barrier to stop you, no drug tests, no time clock that forces you to be on time, no actual work, no supervisor, no quality control.
Now, don't say that Uber is hard because we have seen the screenshots. You sit and make money, drive all day, every day. If you were to say that, at your previous job, you wished you didn't have days off, that you wished you could work all day, every day, would you be lying to me or to yourself?
May be better to just forget all that, as if it never happened. Fresh start.
Ok! First ride of the day. You just bagged that fast food worker in 15 minutes. He'll be working 3 hours just to break even the cost of ride to work.
Do you take the next ride? That joint in the center console looking mighty tempting though. Yeah, smoke that shit, no supervisor, no drug test, baby! Not like science has proven that weed impairs your driving, even if you didn't sprinkle anything else in there. Who cares if the next rider has their kids with them.
Oh, now you got the munchies. Sign into doordash. Oh look, a delivery from your favorite restaurant! Perfect, dip into that, customer won't know. You can still extort him for tips. Or sell him a sob story. If he is too far, you can ask him to meet you halfway (Source for all these examples & more: doordash)
​
Oh, I'm sorry, did I break your concentration? What, in your underdeveloped brain, has led you to think that you can make money, sit on your ass all day, dodge all entry barriers, punctuality, actual labor, responsibility, supervision, quality control and still, somehow, make more money than the people you are driving, people who have to put with all these and more?
Let me help you out and tell you where you are going. You are racing to the bottom, and that bottom is going to make the shitty job you escaped suddenly look good! If driverless cars don't replace you first. As they should.
Sit the fuck down. And drive. Drive sober. Drive quietly. Obey local traffic laws. And be grateful. Because no matter how much you are making, it's more than you deserve.
​
​
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2023.06.08 07:32 Suspicious-Desk-711 Squash Drinks Market Growing Demand and Huge Future Opportunities by 2033

According to the Regional Research Reports, the global squash drinks market size is estimated to grow from USD 523.4 million in 2022 to reach USD 1523.3 million by 2033 at a CAGR of 4.3% from 2023 to 2033. The growth is primarily driven by several variables about which Regional Research Reports provides comprehensive insights and estimation in the global squash drinks market research.
The Regional Research Reports published the report on “global squash drinks market Report 2023 – Future Growth Opportunities, Latest Technological Trends, In-depth Analysis, and Forecast To 2033” provides the futuristic vision of the global squash drinks market along with the market size (Revenue – US$ Million) and estimates for the duration 2023 to 2033. The aforementioned research study examines various market segments in terms of nature, product type, base type, distribution channel, and regional. The competitive profiles of the top vendors of squash drinks products and their most recent developments are also included in the report.
Get Full PDF Sample Copy of Report@ https://www.regionalresearchreports.com/request-sample/squash-drinks-market/FB-1375

Global Squash Drinks Market Analysis

This report includes market size and forecast analysis for each segment - by nature, product type, base type, distribution channel, and geography. Additionally, for the years 2023 to 2033, compound annual growth rates for all segments have been provided. In addition to highlighting recent market trends for squash drinks, the study also provides information on upcoming trends that will affect demand. The global squash drinks market report also includes annual growth rates for each segment. Additionally, the report analyses the market from the standpoint of production and provides cost overviews for the squash drinks market as well as analyses of labor, raw material, and technology costs.
The market has been segmented by region: North America, South America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Africa. Under North America, the report covers the United States, Canada, and Mexico; whereas Asia Pacific includes China, Japan, India, Korea, ASEAN, Australia & New Zealand, and the Rest of Asia Pacific. The key countries covered under Europe include Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Italy, and the Rest of Europe, whereas the Middle East and Africa is comprised of the Middle East, Africa, and GCC countries. The report also includes market sizes for all regions and sub-regions as of 2022 and through 2033.
This report includes information about the major players, such as overview, revenue, interview record, gross profit, business distribution, etc. These details give the consumer a better understanding of the rivals. Additionally, it details the market's competitive landscape for all significant players identified in the global squash drinks market. Other crucial factors include the plant's location, the source of the technology, the downstream industry, and the contact details.

Top Key Players Profiled in this report are-

Report Details:

Make an Enquire before Purchase @ https://www.regionalresearchreports.com/buy-now/squash-drinks-market/FB-1375?opt=2950
Report Attribute
Details
Market Size in 2022
USD 523.4 million
Market Size in 2033
USD 1523.3 million
CAGR (2023-2033)
4.3%
Base Year for Estimation
2022
Historic Year
2018-2021
Forecast Period
2023-2033
Study Period
2018-2033
Quantitative Units
Revenue in USD Million and CAGR from 2023-2033
Market Factor Analysis
Regions Covered
Countries Profiled
Customization Scope
Free 20% report customization with the purchase within a specific period.
Access full Report Description, TOC, Table of Figure, Chart, etc: https://www.regionalresearchreports.com/table-of-content/squash-drinks-market/FB-1375
The report provides extensive information about various factors that have been studied as contributing to the market's growth trajectory. The report also outlines the challenges facing the global squash drinks market. Moreover, it evaluates the bargaining power of suppliers and customers, the threat posed by new competitors and the threat of substitutes, and the level of market competition. The report also thoroughly examines the impact of the most recent government regulations. It summarizes the development of the squash drinks market over the forecast periods.

Global Squash Drinks Market Segmentation:

Market Segmentation: By Nature

Market Segmentation: By Product Type

Market Segmentation: By Base Type

Market Segmentation: By Distribution Channel

Regions Covered in the Global Squash Drinks Market Report 2022:

The cost analysis of the global squash drinks market was carried out, considering the cost of raw materials, labor, and manufacturing, as well as the market concentration rate, suppliers, and price trends. Other factors, such as the sourcing strategy, supply chain, and downstream buyers, have been evaluated to provide a comprehensive and in-depth view of the market. The study on market positioning will also be displayed to report clients, providing target market, brand strategy, and pricing strategy into account.
Request For Report Description @ https://www.regionalresearchreports.com/industry-reports/squash-drinks-market/FB-1375

The report provides insights on the following pointers:

Market Penetration: Detailed study on the product portfolios of the top key players in the squash drinks market.
Product Development/Innovation: Comprehensive insights on the upcoming innovative technologies, RD activities, and product developments in the market.
Competitive Assessment: In-depth evaluation of the market strategies and regional and business segments of the leading players in the market.
Market Development: Detailed information on emerging markets. This study examines the market for various segments across geographies.
Market Diversification: comprehensive data on new products, untapped regions, recent investments, and developments in the squash drinks market.

Key Benefits for Stakeholders:

The key questions answered in this report –

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2023.06.08 04:35 TheBookDealer free delivery on how to avoid using amazon

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2023.06.08 02:57 pinkpugita Do you get annoyed when readers tell you what to write?

I'm not talking about constructive comments and genuine opinions. It's when readers have an idea and they want you to write it or add it in your fanfic.
Maybe it's the delivery or wording, because it almost felt like a command than a wish. "You should write [insert idea]," doesn't feel like appreciation for your current work, but a reader wanting to do labor for them.
Besides the choice of words, I wonder if I'm just taking it wrong because I'm the type of writer who has a clear vision from start to finish. I don't like being told to deviate from my plans.
Perhaps some would take it as a compliment of a reader wanting more from the writer, but I just don't feel that way. I want to hear readers about what I wrote, not about what I should write.
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2023.06.08 00:43 JeliPuff Felix Vail: The Pedophile Serial Killer Caught After 54 Years (PART 2)

This is Part 2 of this write-up. Please read part 1 first. This is the link:
https://www.reddit.com/UnresolvedMysteries/comments/143r7l9/felix_vail_the_pedophile_serial_killer_caught/

PART 2:

ANNETTE CRAVER:

Born on the 7th of December 1965, Annette Craver was intelligent and creative. At 15 she was a singer-songwriter and in her senior year at a private school that specialized in medicine. Her dream was to become a midwife.
http://charleyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/vail_annette6.jpg(A photo of Annette Craver.)
In the summer of 1981, she and her mother, Mary Rose greeted people at a friend’s yard sale in the Montrose neighborhood in Houston, Texas. They had just returned from a vacation in Mexico, and Annette felt heartsick, still infatuated with a boy named Adolfo, who was unable to join her in America.
VAIL MEETS ANNETTE
While people browsed the sale, Vail pulled up on a motorcycle and spoke with Annette. He was 41 and had done some carpentry work in the area. “When I saw her, I thought, ‘That’s going to be my new girlfriend,’” he said about the 15-year-old.
In April 1982, Rose and her daughter invested in a Tulsa home that had a rental cottage behind it. Rose began renovating both. After graduating from high school, Annette joined her mother in Tulsa. Vail appeared a few days later, and convinced Annette to leave with him on his motorcycle. They lived off the $500-a-month Social Security check that she received from her father’s death 3 years prior. It would be over a year before Mary Rose would see her daughter again.
That fall, Annette (who was still 15) would fall pregnant, and Vail would force her to have a painful abortion.
Jerry Woodall, reportedly friends with Vail later recalled an embarrassing scene, where the 42-year-old Vail was in a sleeping bag, having public sex with a 16-year-old Annette, only 20 feet away from him and his then-wife Meredith McMackin. Annette grinned and waved at them. Woodall and McMackin did their best to ignore them.
McMackin would later say that Vail had “this coldness and controlling aspect to his personality. Annette was so open and alive, but I think he just totally dominated her. He would try to convey that he was this higher form of being. At first, I thought maybe he was evolved, but then I realized it was this arrogant act.”
Later that summer, police in California would arrest Vail for violating probation a dozen years earlier. Annette telephoned Woodall, who gave her $200. After Vail walked free from prison, he and Annette decided to get married. However, as a 17-year-old she needed permission.
Annette told her mother that she loved Vail, that they were already “spiritually married” and that they would travel to Mexico and get married there if she refused. Not wanting to lose her daughter completely, Rose said OK.
On August 15th, 1983, in Bakersfield, California, the couple were wed.
AFTER THE MARRIAGE
Four months after the marriage, Annette turned 18, allowing her to collect more than $98,000 ($293,500 today) from life insurance policies on her late father. Accompanied by Vail, she withdrew all the money in cash from a San Antonio bank. She bought a Fiat convertible that Vail liked and paid for his dental work.
In April 1984, Rose returned home to find Annette waiting at her door. She told her she wanted to divorce Vail, and enroll in college. She talked about Vail’s temper, including an incident where he had broken his hand trying to punch his wife. He missed and hit a wall.
A few weeks later, Vail showed up. The couple fought constantly, and Vail left after a few days. Mary Rose said that Vail was “insanely jealous” and would become furious when Annette spoke of her desire to go out with younger men.
She and Annette worked on renovating the two homes after Vail left, enjoying their time together. The 2 even started a garden together.
Annette received a letter from Vail, who vowed their time apart would fuel their love. He wrote to her: “After we hung up, I went out to a park and ran and hung and talked with God and smoked some and shot some pool and rode with the top down out through the marsh playing ‘Iron Butterfly’ [“In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida”] and bathing every inch of your body-spirit being with love.”
He referred to being away from Annette as “deprivation jail” and to her ego as “his jailor.”
“The idea of her cutting away ego’s “feeder roots and creating roots between your spirit and the cosmic ground of loving makes me hot for you. My mind is kissing you everywhere.”
After that, Vail would return to Annette’s life. Rose said, “Annette told me, ‘Felix is the wisest person in the world, and I can’t make decisions without him.’” His influence on Annette had only grown stronger. According to Rose, she even compared Vail to God, a comparison Vail agreed with.
After this, the couple angrily insisted that Rose move out and deed the house to Annette. Accompanied by suicidal thoughts brought on by Vail’s continued control over her daughter, Rose left for California to stay with family and friends, deeding the house to Annette for $7000 ($21,000 today) before she did.
Annette would add Vail to the deed, and a month later had deeded him both homes, leaving him as the sole owner.
ANNETTE’S DISAPPEARANCE
Mere weeks after deeding the houses to Vail, the couple told neighbors they were leaving on vacation. When Vail returned in October, he was alone.
Vail told a neighbor that Annette had a lot of money wither her when he’d left her, and that she was likely visiting friends in Denver.
Upon learning that Annette hadn’t come back with Vail, Mary Rose called him. “He told me that while they were camping, Annette had a sexual dream about being with other men in Mexico, and she wanted to go there,” she recalled to an investigative reporter years later. “He claimed that the dream made them both realize that she should have her freedom.” The next day, Vail told her he had put Annette on a bus with $50,000 ($150,000 today) but didn't elaborate.
On Oct 22, 1984, Rose filed a missing person’s report. She told the Tulsa Police Department that each person who spoke with Vail “gets a different story about the amount of money that Annette took with her and where she might be. We all believe that he knows where she is or has done something with her.”
On January 22, 1985, Detective Dennis Davis and another officer questioned Vail at his home (This is obscenely late to start questioning him). By this point, Vail had filed for divorce, citing an inability to find her after a “diligent search.” Davis said her mother, Mary Rose, mentioned her daughter had received more than $90,000 from her father’s estate. Vail confirmed this was true, saying the couple had spent much of that money traveling in foreign countries. He said they kept their money in cash because they didn’t trust banks and that he had found about $10,000 in cash when he returned home.
The next day, Vail called a lawyer, who promised to talk with the officers and tell them to “leave me alone,” as he wrote in his journal.
When Davis returned five days later, Vail had a detailed alibi: The couple left Tulsa between noon and 3 p.m. on Sept. 13, 1984, and stayed the night in a hotel in Claremont, Oklahoma. After two nights of camping on the river, Annette woke up and told Vail she had decided to leave him. He took her to the Trailways Bus Station in St. Louis and left before she bought the ticket. (There is no Trailways Bus Station in St. Louis, and there has never been a Trailways Bus Station in St. Louis.)
He told the officers that she had told him she was headed for Denver, where she planned to get a fake ID card and leave for Mexico. When asked if he would take a lie detector test, Vail said no.
After Davis left, he wrote a letter to Rose. He blamed her for the “bad things” about Annette, told her that after the couple had returned from Costa Rica Annette had been “seeing friends and relatives --- completing her relationships with them for the purpose of getting ready to drop everybody and start over.” He wrote that Annette “disappeared herself from you” because Rose kept imposing her “value system” on her, and said Annette viewed her mother, grandmother, and herself as “zero self-image whores for approval.”
He explained the 2 had no plans to communicate, he did not know where she was, and that “I also assure you that even if I did know, I would not tell you.”
When Rose returned to Tulsa in April 1985, she entered the cottage Annette used to live in, only to find almost all the young woman’s belongings were gone, including her clothes and her diary.
Inside a Barbie suitcase, Rose found a photograph of her daughter and several of her identification cards. She also located things that Annette had written, including a Feb. 17, 1984, note that contradicted Vail’s claim that the couple had spent most of her inheritance on their travel to Mexico and Central American countries.
Instead, the note detailed how they used the money to buy the Fiat, pay off all of Vail’s loans, and deposit $36,000 into Louisiana Savings. It said that as of that day, they had $41,600 ($125,000 today) in cash.
Rose shared the information with the police. Detective Davis showed up again, and Vail told Davis the couple divided the money into smaller cashier’s checks, contradicting his earlier statement that they kept the money in cash.
After a while, Davis left, and despite the (seemingly obvious) suspicious behavior of Vail, closed the missing person’s case.
AFTER ANNETTE’S DISAPPEARANCE
Rose kept calling Vail after this and was finally able to reach him on September 14th 1985.
When asked about Annette’s whereabouts he refused to tell her.
When asked about Annette’s missing clothes he said he gave them to charity.
When asked about the insurance money, Vail told her ‘That’s all she really cared about.’ Rose hung up.
Two years later, fed up with the lack of progress in Annette’s case, Rose would return to Tulsa. She spent thousands of dollars on private investigators to locate Vail. When that failed, she simply went and found him herself.
Tipped off that he was staying at someone’s house, she went there with a friend and found him sitting outside. When asked where Annette went, he replied “Mexico.” When asked where in Mexico, he said the 2 had made a pact to contact each other every 5 years, contradicting his statement that the 2 didn’t have plans to communicate. Rose didn’t believe a word of it.
The whole time Vail never looked up, never stood up and never looked her in the eye.
BETH FIELD
Some time after this, Vail began dating Beth Field. Soon the couple had began arguing, and Vail would call her a “whore.” During a December 1987 argument, he would strike her so hard he ruptured her ear drum. She told Vail there was no justification for violence, to which he responded, “If you quit behaving like a whore, I’ll quit hitting you.”
In August 1988 Beth received a call from Rose, sharing details about the disappearance of her daughter, Annette. From that point forward, Field said she began to examine Vail’s words more closely, realizing that he had likely murdered her.
Four months after the call, he entered her home unannounced. Already drunk, he accused her of “imagined promiscuity,” according to a court order. He slapped her, struck her, and threw her across the bedroom. She asked if Vail was going to kill her, to which Vail replied, “It depends on what you tell me.”
A judge gave her a protective order, requiring Vail to keep his distance. Two weeks later, the sheriff reported that Vail was nowhere to be found.
While Field was visiting a meditation center in Texas in 1990, Vail arrived. After composing herself, she told him “There is a part of you that goes off, and it’s sick and it’s dangerous.”
He looked at her and asked, “Really?” She said “yes, really.” This time, the message seemed to go through. Vail left the next day, and with a single exception about five years later, she never saw him again.
MARY ROSE LEARNS ABOUT THE OTHER 2 CASES
In the summer of 1991 (6 years after Annette's disappearance), Rose drove over 2000 miles to Canyon Lake, Texas to speak to Sue Jordan, Felix Vail’s sister. Jordan said that Vail had told her that Annette wanted to leave, that he took her to a bus station and that she left with some Mexican men, heading for Mexico. Jordan also mentioned that Vail’s first wife had drowned, which was news to Rose.
Before she left, Jordan also told her, “Oh, you know, there was another woman that disappeared. I remember her mother calling my mother for years, checking to see if they’d heard from her. I think her name was Sharon.”
After the conversation, Rose sat down at a typewriter, writing every word she could remember. She also called the public library in Lake Charles.
The librarian remembered the 1962 drowning of Vail’s first wife, Mary Horton. She told Rose that he had taken out life insurance policies on his wife prior to her drowning and that the insurance companies were suspicious and didn’t pay the full value. The librarian made copies of newspaper articles and mailed them to her.
After reading them, Rose reached out to Mary’s family in Louisiana, speaking to Will Horton. He shared her suspicions about Vail and a copy of the 1971 National Enquirer article made after Vail's son Bill reported him to the police. When she read it, she learned that Sharon’s last name was Hensley.
In 1994, she read in the newspaper about Dolores Strehlow’s disappearance from Medford, Oregon, seven years earlier. Police had just arrested her husband, thanks to the work of Detective Terry Newell. She contacted Newell, who helped her find the family of Sharon Hensley. When Rose dialed the Hensley family, Sharon’s mother, Peggy, answered. Rose asked if Peggy knew a Felix Vail. Peggy replied with "you bet I do"
THE INVESTIGATION HEATS UP… AND COOLS DOWN
The detective who helped Rose before, Terry Newell, contacted Jim Bell, a national expert in serial killings working for the FBI. When Rose talked with Bell, she felt like she'd finally gotten somewhere. He was interested in working on the Vail case if he could swing the time. He still remained busy with active serial killer cases, helping train task forces across the U.S. Vail’s son, Bill, told Rose that he was willing to testify, as long as authorities provided protection to his family. Both the Tulsa police and the district attorney’s office in Lake Charles revived their investigations into Vail, now considered a suspected serial killer.
Bell suggested the victims’ families gather with authorities at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia, to share information on Vail. He was unable to work on the case and left the FBI in 1995. The meeting in Quantico never materialized, and the cases involving Vail grew cold once again.
A QUICK RUN DOWN OF EVENTS
In the fall of 1997, family and friends held a mural for Annette.
Diagnosed with esophageal cancer, Vail’s son Bill heard from doctors that he didn’t have long to live. He’s quoted saying “now I’ll get to be with my mom.” Months before passing away in 2009, Bill talked about his father in a recorded interview with his pastor at Grace Church in Overland Park, Kansas.
On Jan. 3, 2009, Bill died, and Vail wrote in his journal, “I feel a large empty hole in my being where his life presence has been for 47 years,” before writing about getting a good haircut. He drove to Kansas but didn’t attend his own son’s funeral. If he had, he would have heard the recording, with his son detailing how he had overheard his father talk about murdering Bill's mother, Mary.
When Vail learned of the recording, he wrote to Pastor Tim Howey, asking for a copy. He blamed his son’s statements on “false memories,” saying, “I have not known about it until now and am stunned.”
In 2012, while attempting to confront Vail with reporter Jerry Mitchell whom she had contacted to write about Vial, Rose was stopped by Kaye Faulkner, Vial’s sister. She told Rose and Mitchell of the recording and urged Mitchell to get a copy of it. She also said that she believed Vial had murdered Mary Horton, Sharon Hensley, and Annette Craver.
She gave the reporter Vial’s number, as well as the numbers of her other brother, Ronnie, and her sister, Beth. Vial didn’t answer those calls, so Mitchell left a message. Ronnie promised to speak to his brother on his behalf.
MITCHELL INVESTIGATES
Mitchell arrived in Lake Charles and stopped by the Southwestern Louisiana Genealogical and Historical Library, which shared copies from old city directories. He began tracking down people who had lived in the Maree Apartments with Felix and Mary.
Many described Mary’s fair of drowning. A close friend of Vails, Judson McCann II described Vial as a ladies’ man, and insinuated he was a cheater. “Many nights, his car wouldn’t be home, and Mary would be there with the lights on. When Felix was gone, it wasn’t because he was trotline fishing.”
Another close friend, Bob Hodges described Vial’s story of Mary ‘falling’ in the river as “horse manure.”
A college roommate of Mary, Sandra Sudduth Pratt, said “Nobody believed it was an accident.”
Mitchell shared Mary’s autopsy report with pathologist Dr. Michael Baden of New York City, who concluded that foul play had taken place in her death.
The report showed large bruises with bleeding into tissues on the left side of the neck, which he said suggested she suffered forceful neck trauma before entering the water. There were hemorrhagic bruises to the right calf and left leg above the knee, which he said were consistent with a struggle before her submersion. But most convincingly of all was the scarf authorities found around her neck that extended 4 inches into her mouth, which suggested traumatic asphyxia before entering the water.
“Somebody had to push that scarf into her mouth. She had to have that scarf wedged in her mouth before she was put in the water.”
A cousin put Mary’s brother Will Horton in touch with former detective “Rabbit” Manuel, who had headed up the Calcasieu Parish Sheriff Office’s investigation back in 1962. He had never forgotten Mary’s death. “Felix’s story just didn’t add up. The fishing tackle was dry. The trotline was dry. The boat was dry. Even Felix’s cigarettes were dry, despite him telling the deputies he dove straight in the water to save Mary.”
He and Manuel met with “Lucky” DeLouche, who directed an elite task force unit that investigated homicides. Three young detectives took notes as they talked. Manuel shared details from the case, saying deputies (officers) wanted to prosecute, but the district attorney wouldn’t let them. Horton shared the autopsy report, Vail’s letters and his belief that Vail was a serial killer. Horton said DeLouche replied, “This absolutely fits the profile of a serial killer,” to which the other detectives agreed.
Shortly afterwards, DeLouche left the task force, and for seemingly the hundredth time, grew cold again.
After Mitchell posted a story about Vail titled “Gone” (It’s nearly 9,000 words long, and the precursor to the 35,500 word story I have drawn heavily from) a man named Wesley Turnage contacted him. He told him of a conversation he had had with Vail in 1963 during a car ride.
According to Turnage, Vail called Mary a bitch and said she thought another child would help solve their marriage problems. He quoted Vail as saying, “She wanted to have another kid. I didn’t want the one I got. I fixed that sorry bitch. She will never have another one.”
Mitchell would make another discovery. District Attorney Salter Jr. had ordered that the judge dismiss 882 criminal cases — more than three cases for each working day.
Will Horton told Mitchell the original detectives in the case told him that Salter wouldn’t allow them to present the evidence they had collected against Vail. That matched the stories Mitchell had heard from grand jurors’ families.
Horton then contacted District Attorney John DeRosier, who said he would be willing to reopen the case if there was enough evidence.
Then came an interesting wrinkle in the story. Finding Vail.
He’d disappeared, returning on Labor Day weekend 2012 to sell his property, before disappearing again. Luckily, another reader of "Gone" came to the rescue. He phoned Mitchell, telling him where Vial was. Canyon Lake, Texas.
Mitchell then contacted Enzo Yaksic, founder of the Serial Homicide Expertise and Information Sharing Collaborative. Yaksic then contacted Armin Showalter, acting chief for the FBI’s Behavioral Analysis Unit, which specialized in serial homicide investigations.
Yaksic shared a copy of GONE with Showalter, who in turn called Calcasieu Parish Deputy Randy Curtis, now taking on the Vail case. Curtis phoned Mitchell to find out where Vail was. A few days later, he called back to say the FBI had discovered Vail purchased property at 737 Shadyview Drive in Canyon Lake.
On Jan. 18, 2013, Curtis decided to confront Vail. He found him at that address, living in a storage shed. Curtis said he read Vail his rights before asking him about the death and disappearances of the women. Vail refused to say anything, accusing families and The Clarion-Ledger (Where "Gone" was published) of lying about him. The whole time, Vail couldn’t stop smirking.
​
Will Horton gave Mitchell the number of his cousin, who was a caretaker for 90-year-old Isaac Abshire Jr. When Mitchell sat down with the man, he shared a haunting story.
Abshire had worked with Vail and offered him a room to rent out. Once Vail and Mary were married, Vail had moved out. Abshire viewed himself as “a big brother” to Mary, calling her “a sweet little girl.”
After the marriage, Vail had become angry at work, talking about how ugly his wife was when she was pregnant, and how he didn’t like his baby. On the Friday before she was killed, the couple visited Abshire, bringing Bill, who was still an infant. Mary privately asked Abshire if he thought Vail could take her baby away.
Two days later, Mary was dead.
Abshire and two other workers went out the next day to drag the river. The next morning, Oct. 30, 1962, he returned with one of them, Jimmy May, to continue dragging.
Abshire said while they were talking, “something popped up. A guy with binoculars asked, ‘Does she have blonde hair?’ I said, ‘Yes, that’s her.’”
They recovered the body, and Abshire could never forget what he saw. Her body was rigid, and a scarf was wrapped around her neck before going into her mouth. Blood boiled on the boat, everyone voicing the same opinion. Vail had killed Mary.
Abshire had kept photos from that day for over 50 years. He said he had given them to Deputy Curtis as well as a copy of the 1962 sheriff’s report, which listed 15 points suggesting Vail’s guilt.
Despite being behind on major bills, Vail had managed to pay an entire year’s premiums in advance for a $50,000 ($150,000 today) life insurance policy on his wife. He had a second life insurance policy on her for $8,000 ($24,000 today), which promised to pay double if she died by accident.
It was almost as if he knew she was about to die.
Deputies had reported witnesses claims that Vail had told them he didn’t love his wife, that she looked stupid and vulgar, and that he had had sexual relations with multiple women, and at least one man.
Vail told deputies that his wife was wearing an off-white leather jacket when she went into the water. But she wasn’t wearing the jacket when her body was recovered. Inside his boat, deputies found two life preservers. Mary had not been wearing one, despite her fear of drowning. As for the trotline the 2 were supposedly running, deputies found it still inside Vail’s tackle box.
Most witnesses the Deputies had spoken too felt that Vail was capable of killing his wife.
When asked if he believed Vail killed his wife, Abshire said “Oh, my God, yes.”
THE CHASE & THE FINAL CLUES:
Ever since Vail had sold his Mississippi property, Mary Rose had wondered if he would eventually sell the Tulsa property, the one she and Annette had lived in. He did. Vail sold it for $149,000. Rose asked the question on the mind of everyone investigating. “What is he going to do with all that money? --- He could be running.”
On April 30th Mitchell got a call saying that Vail had left Texas. He was pulled over by police in Columbus, Mississippi after hopping the fence of his now dead brother Ronnie’s property. Curtis told Mitchell that the Columbus police were sending him a photo of Vail and the white pick-up truck he was pulled over in. He once again warned Mitchell that Vail could be running.
Vail’s sister called again, saying she heard her brother was heading to Montpelier. She wondered if he was driving to the home of possible witness Wesley Turnage.
Mitchell called Turnage to let him know that Vail might be headed his way. Turnage replied “If he sets foot on my property, there won’t be no trial.” He called Mitchell back later, saying no one in Montpelier had seen Vail.
Private Investigator Gina Frenzel, who had questioned Vail herself, including pretending to be his girlfriend, called Mitchell with good news. Vail had contacted her and told her he was back in Canyon Lake. Mitchell informed Curtis.
On May 17th 2012, authorities arrested Felix Vail for the murder of his wife Mary Horton.
In telephone calls from the jail in Lake Charles, he shared his explanation of what happened the night of Oct. 28, 1962, when Mary died.
He referred to his first wife as a “coon-ass lady,” saying she was “half kneeling” on his feet when she “saw one of the float buckets that were on the line.” He said the boat was “going real slow along the edge of the bank when the boat hit a stump ... and it dumped her right out.” Vail said he shut off the motor and dove in “where she had plopped in the water. I mean, nothing. The river had sucked her right in.” He said he “dove around until I was exhausted, and came in immediately to the police station in town and reported the accident and that was it.”
This story differed greatly from his story in 1962 when he said his wife was sitting on top of a boat seat when she fell out, not that she was kneeling on his feet. Back then, he said nothing about hitting a stump — just swerving to miss it.
It also differed from the story he had told his son, where a wave from another boat had dumped Mary out.
Vail told Frenzel that the case “has been an avalanche coming down the mountain all that time, waiting to hit my head, and it finally has.”
He blamed the families and Mitchell, “an evil, shrimpy reporter,” for what had happened, calling the charges “fabricated” and insisting that “a large amount of money, hate and political ambitions are behind them.”
At Vail’s request, Frenzel returned his truck to his home and went inside to take care of a few tasks. While there, she spent 16 hours photographing all his journals, more than 2,400 pages. She also photographed letters, documents, photographs and business cards, some dating back to the 1960s. She found a collection of women’s jewelry, old buttons, pins, and even a glass dildo.
Disturbingly, if at this point unsurprisingly, she found a photograph of a naked 3-year-old girl. Frenzel later spoke with the girl, now a woman. The journals revealed that Vail had stalked her for years.
Frenzel discovered the birth certificate of Annette Craver, who had used it for previous trips to Mexico.
Mitchell and Frenzel poured through the journals she had photographed. They noticed gaps in them that lead them to believe Vail had ripped pages out, including times when he should have been with Sharon and Annette.
His journals were dominated by sex, dreams of sex and reflected an obsession with children. In a March 27, 1986, entry, Vail wrote about the visit of a woman and her daughters in his home. “The little girls were delicious --- We massaged some, hugged & kissed some & it was 12 (midnight) & time for them to go.”
On Aug. 29, 1992, Vail walked into the Wal-Mart in West Point, and as he wrote in his journal “a 1-year-old white girl looked in my eyes loving me like there was no age difference between us.”
When Mitchell interviewed Kert Germany, a co-worker of Vail in 1977 he said that Vail attracted women wherever he went, and that Vail had told him the best sex of his life had been with 2- or 3-year-old girl.
It was that this time that Alexandra Christianson, Vail’s ex-wife called Mitchell and told him her story. She also put him in contact with Bruce Biedebach, the man she had been on a date with when she left with Vail. Biedebach would tell Mitchell that during a party in 1965 that turned into a “boast-fest” Vail had boasted about something he had done, that no one else had done.
Killed his wife.
He told the men at the party that he had held his wife’s head underwater until she drowned.
Biedebach then put Mitchell in contact with Rob Fremont, who had bicycled around California with Vail when he was 13. He said that while riding with Vail, he had told him that he hit his wife on the head and drowned her. Fremont never rode with him again after that.
With as much evidence as they could possibly gather, the case went to trial.
THE TRIAL:
Vail’s trial began on August 8th, 2016.
District Attorney John DeRosier laid out the evidence clearly.
He spoke of the evidence against Vail about Mary’s murder on October 28th, 1962.
He spoke about Vail swearing to Sharon Hensley’s mother that she wanted to start a new life in 1974.
He spoke about his letters to Mary Rose, telling her he wouldn’t tell her where her daughter Annette was “even if he knew.” Vail smirked at that one.
Finally, he spoke to the jurors.
“Mary Horton Vail is gone, Sharon Hensley is gone,” DeRosier said, “and Annette Craver Vail is gone.”
“You’re going to write the last chapter, and it’s simply going to read, ‘And justice was finally done. William Felix Vail, guilty as charged.’”
Prosecutors called all three families to testify.
Will Horton told jurors of his sister, “Mary was the kind of person you would want as a friend.” He broke while talking about visiting his nephew after he death in 1962. “I just wanted Bill to know how much his mother loved him.”
Brian Hensley told jurors that he last saw his sister, Sharon, with Vail before the pair left Bismarck, North Dakota, in 1972. Other than a telephone call and letter in the months that followed, he said no one had seen or heard from her since.
When Mary Rose took the stand, Vail bowed his head.
This was the woman who had been working for 32 long years to bring him into this court.
This was the mother who had waited 32 years for this moment.
She called Annette “a huge light in my life. We were always loving toward each other.” She testified that Vail ran off with her daughter on his motorcycle and married her. She testified that Annette, who inherited nearly $100,000 and received two homes, disappeared weeks after deeding those homes to Vail.
Wesley Turnage, Rob Fremont, and Bruce Biedebach swore under oath that Vail said he killed his first wife. Biedebach said he asked Vail if Mary was a bitch, to which Vail had said yes. Vail laughed in court as he told the story.
The current coroner, forensic pathologist Dr. Terry Welke, testified that in most drownings, the body comes up in a “dead person’s float,” with the back of the head surfacing first and the limbs hanging down in the water.
After sharing a series of pictures to show it, he showed the court two black-and-white photographs of Mary Horton when her body was recovered on Oct. 30, 1962, less than two days after she reportedly drowned. Her body was stiff, with her hands over chest as if she was in a coffin.
They also saw the videotaped testimony of Isaac Abshire Jr, who had died in 2014. He said her body was stiff when it surfaced either sideways or face up when she bobbed up in the Calcasieu River.
That testimony helped contribute to Welke’s homicide conclusion. So did the unbroken grease-like stain across her Chi Omega sweatshirt, which he believed could have come from a tarp covering her. Welke concluded Mary was dead and stiff before her body went into the water, explaining why rigor had set in.
Testimony was heard of Vail not paying for his own wife’s funeral, despite having made thousands from her life insurance.
THE VERDICT
The jury didn’t even take a half hour to reach their verdict.
William Felix Vail Sr was unanimously found guilty of murdering Mary Horton. He was sentenced to life in prison.
After the verdict, the prosecutor also revealed that the FBI had found out that Vail had molested a child over 30 years ago. They were unable to put him on trial for it, as the statue of limitations had passed.
Finally, nearly 54 years after she was murdered, Mary Horton had found justice.
Finally, 42 years after her disappearance, Sharon Hensley had found justice.
And Annette Craver, with the help of her mother Mary Rose’s tireless efforts, had finally found justice after 32 years.
https://content.api.news/v3/images/bin/f75084c7dce4fb08e12e45ccba5e40a1
This a photo of Mary, Sharon and Annette. I felt it was fitting to end off with. May they all rest in peace.
MY SOURCES:
https://www.namus.gov/MissingPersons/Case#/8284?nav
https://charleyproject.org/case/annette-michelle-craver-vail
https://www.clarionledger.com/story/news/local/felixvailgone/2016/12/29/felix-vail-gone-one-wife-dead-two-other-missing-jerry-mitchell/95895894/
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/5796622/mary-elizabeth-vail
https://charleyproject.org/case/sharon-hensley
https://www.namus.gov/MissingPersons/Case#/20525?nav
submitted by JeliPuff to UnresolvedMysteries [link] [comments]

2023.06.08 00:28 vizslamom24 Anyone else going through this? (birth injuries/ prolapse)

Hi everyone, I wanted to reach out and see if anyone here has any experience with these birth injuries?
(content warning: birth trauma, birth injuries)
5 months ago I gave birth to my happy, healthy baby girl. She is awesome- I truly feel like I won the lottery. I am completely in love with her and am loving motherhood more than I ever could have expected.
However, I did have a traumatic birth (vaginal delivery) with her which left me with some pretty serious birth injuries, one of which is permanent. My daughter had to be resuscitated at birth and thankfully is perfectly healthy today.
I won’t go into detail re: my birth story but in the past 5 months I have dealt with: 1) pubic symphysis diastasis (mine was severe enough that I would scream when lifting my foot one inch off the ground while in the hospital- and I had SPD in my third trimester so I’m no stranger to pelvic pain), 2) super painful muscle spasms in my pelvic floor, 3) what we suspect are torn pelvic floor muscles or ligaments stretched beyond rebound limits- hard to tell, 4) stubborn scar tissue on one of my two internal second degree tears, 5) a hematoma on said scar tissue which has since popped (that was fun), and 6) stage 2/3 bladder prolapse.
I had kidney stones while pregnant and did 12 hours of unmediated back labor before I got my epidural so I know what extreme pain feels like and the pain from these postpartum complications- it didn’t even register on a pain scale for me. I remember trying to walk from the bathroom to the bedroom 5 days postpartum and just being absolutely stunned that you can experience that level of pain and still be conscious. It was the worst pain of my entire life.
I have been in pelvic floor PT since 6 weeks postpartum and I do my home exercise program daily. I am religious about doing all the things I need to do to keep my symptoms manageable (using proper technique when lifting objects, etc). Most of the above issues have resolved aside from the prolapse but I am becoming very disheartened by the reality that the prolapse is something I’ll have to try to manage lifelong. It is really negatively affecting my quality of life. I had 2-3 good days so I pushed myself too far by allowing myself to hold my daughter for longer periods while standing/walking and dancing to music while holding her which caused a major exacerbation in prolapse symptoms which I am still recovering from. I haven’t even thought about running, jumping, or lifting anything heavier than my daughter as the little I try to venture out and do seems to cause a major symptom flare up.
I’m only 5 months pp so of course there is time left to improve, but I’m discouraged that my symptoms are still this bothersome this far out despite me doing my PT exercises religiously and being very careful about what I do throughout the day. There isn’t an hour during the day that I don’t have to think about what I’m doing/ how I’m doing it and how it will affect my symptoms.
Is there anyone else on here going through this? My husband and I had always planned on two kids but the thought of enduring another recovery anything similar to this is just not something I can fathom doing. How careful I am about lifting things and how religiously I do my PT exercises not to mention all the follow-up appts I’ve had for postpartum complications is something I don’t think is even possible to manage while caring for two young kids.
Obviously, if we ever had a second, I would go for an elective c-section, but a subsequent pregnancy itself would put a lot of strain on my pelvic floor. I just don’t think I’m willing to risk my quality of life for a hypothetical second child. I’m only 27 so I have time to decide (but on the other hand, if I recovered this poorly at 27 I can’t imagine how bad another postpartum recovery would be for me years from now). My pelvic floor PT has also commented that the ability to “bounce back” from pelvic floor trauma significant decreases starting mid to late 30’s in her clinical experience. That fact alone puts me off from trying to do this again too far in the future.
I apologize for the wall of text here. I’m just hoping to find someone who can relate to this and be my crystal ball so to speak. If you endured something similar, what did your recovery look like 1-2 years down the road?
I’m so sorry if any of you can relate to my experience- it is truly unbelievable what we go through physically and emotionally to bring these babies into the world.
To anyone reading this in the future- I’m more than happy to circle back around and update on my postpartum recovery progress.
And I cannot recommend pelvic floor PT enough- we have resolved all issues above (except for the prolapse) with PT alone and are still working on muscle strengthening to alleviate prolapse symptoms. PT has been life changing!
submitted by vizslamom24 to beyondthebump [link] [comments]

2023.06.08 00:22 vizslamom24 One and done due to birth injuries?

Hi everyone, I wanted to reach out and see if anyone here is one and done due to permanent birth injuries?
(content warning: birth trauma, birth injuries)
5 months ago I gave birth to my happy, healthy baby girl. She is awesome- I truly feel like I won the lottery. I am completely in love with her and am loving motherhood more than I ever could have expected.
However, I did have a traumatic birth (vaginal delivery) with her which left me with some pretty serious birth injuries, one of which is permanent. My daughter had to be resuscitated at birth and thankfully is perfectly healthy today.
I won’t go into detail re: my birth story but in the past 5 months I have dealt with: 1) pubic symphysis diastasis (mine was severe enough that I would scream when lifting my foot one inch off the ground while in the hospital- and I had SPD in my third trimester so I’m no stranger to pelvic pain), 2) super painful muscle spasms in my pelvic floor, 3) what we suspect are torn pelvic floor muscles or ligaments stretched beyond rebound limits- hard to tell, 4) stubborn scar tissue on one of my two internal second degree tears, 5) a hematoma on said scar tissue which has since popped (that was fun), and 6) stage 2/3 bladder prolapse.
I had kidney stones while pregnant and did 12 hours of unmediated back labor before I got my epidural so I know what extreme pain feels like and the pain from these postpartum complications- it didn’t even register on a pain scale for me. I remember trying to walk from the bathroom to the bedroom 5 days postpartum and just being absolutely stunned that you can experience that level of pain and still be conscious. It was the worst pain of my entire life.
I have been in pelvic floor PT since 6 weeks postpartum and I do my home exercise program daily. I am religious about doing all the things I need to do to keep my symptoms manageable (using proper technique when lifting objects, etc). Most of the above issues have resolved aside from the prolapse but I am becoming very disheartened by the reality that the prolapse is something I’ll have to try to manage lifelong. It is really negatively affecting my quality of life. I had 2-3 good days so I pushed myself too far by allowing myself to hold my daughter for longer periods while standing/walking and dancing to music while holding her which caused a major exacerbation in prolapse symptoms which I am still recovering from. I haven’t even thought about running, jumping, or lifting anything heavier than my daughter as the little I try to venture out and do seems to cause a major symptom flare up.
I’m only 5 months pp so of course there is time left to improve, but I’m discouraged that my symptoms are still this bothersome this far out despite me doing my PT exercises religiously and being very careful about what I do throughout the day. There isn’t an hour during the day that I don’t have to think about what I’m doing/ how I’m doing it and how it will affect my symptoms.
Is there anyone else on here going through this? My husband and I had always planned on two kids but the thought of enduring another recovery anything similar to this is just not something I can fathom doing. How careful I am about lifting things and how religiously I do my PT exercises not to mention all the follow-up appts I’ve had for postpartum complications is something I don’t think is even possible to manage while caring for two young kids.
Obviously, if we ever had a second, I would go for an elective c-section, but a subsequent pregnancy itself would put a lot of strain on my pelvic floor. I just don’t think I’m willing to risk my quality of life for a hypothetical second child. I’m only 27 so I have time to decide (but on the other hand, if I recovered this poorly at 27 I can’t imagine how bad another postpartum recovery would be for me years from now). My pelvic floor PT has also commented that the ability to “bounce back” from pelvic floor trauma significant decreases starting mid to late 30’s in her clinical experience. That fact alone puts me off from trying to do this again too far in the future.
I apologize for the wall of text here. I’m just hoping to find someone who can relate to this and be my crystal ball so to speak. If you endured something similar, what did your recovery look like 1-2 years down the road?
I have so appreciated all the posts on this subreddit detailing the positives of raising an only child- it has been a great source of encouragement when I was in a very dark place earlier on postpartum. Y’all seem like a very fun group of devoted parents. I’m so sorry if any of you can relate to my experience- it is truly unbelievable what we go through physically and emotionally to bring these babies into the world.
To anyone reading this in the future- I’m more than happy to circle back around and update on my postpartum recovery progress. And I cannot recommend pelvic floor PT enough- we have resolved all issues above (except for the prolapse) with PT alone and are still working on muscle strengthening to alleviate prolapse symptoms. PT has been life changing!
submitted by vizslamom24 to oneanddone [link] [comments]

2023.06.07 23:54 imsostressedrn my aunt is just like one of those rich people villain in dramas...

I'm so stressed and angry right now, everything has been a huge mess. My family has always been struggling financially since my mom has been the bread winner alone, as my dad doesn't speak English at all (my mom's English skill is about the typical immigrant level). My dad worked as a food delivery guy previously and often got held at gunpoint, robbed, and even had his car stolen 2-3 times. Which basically cancels out almost all the money he has earned. Just maybe 3 years ago, my dad's sister (who has experience of starting up 3+ restaurants before) suggested starting a business along with her nephew (my cousin). Compared to what my dad had to do before, this was obviously such a wonderful opportunity. So they ended up starting this business which I'll just call FoodPlace, where my aunt currently lives (~4 hours away by plane). It was split 40-40-20 (aunt-cousin-dad) for the shares. FoodPlace was such a success they won a local award, and had several news articles written about it.
Which sounds like things are working out, except the whole internal part is a mess. They all worked within the kitchen along with the other staffs, but my aunt and her husband deliberately gave my dad harder physical work because they were in charge of the "managing work". They keep him out of conversations too, although my dad does struggle with his cognition and conversing, I don't think they should've done that as he was a shareholder too. Eventually my cousin pulled out and sold his share according to the current value of the business. My family suggested to my dad to not buy half of that because we could already see that our cousin left because he could feel my aunt and her husband brewing trouble. But my dad, who's never really had the opportunity to provide for his family took the risk because this was the one time he actually was able to earn money, and even more than my mom. We were finally having money. He even ends up buying a house all the way over there, which we are still currently paying off.
But everything started spiraling down after my cousin left because at least he was also holding some power so my aunt and her husband couldn't really make too much trouble. Because now they have 60%, and my dad 40%, they're considered the owners and such. Their daughter embezzled money a bit here and there through usage of the business' credit card for personal matter. They started picking fights with my dad during restaurant hours. Complaining all he does is sit around but he hurt his back with the hard labor they gave him, and he was just sitting because the food prep at that time doesn't require him to be standing. When holidays rolled around, they wouldn't let him take days off to come home to visit us saying they are very busy. But they close the restaurant as they wish to go on vacations themselves. At some point they even had the audacity to ask my dad for the contract paper and thankfully no matter how much he struggled cognitively, he didn't give it to them, because that was his only proof of his share. They got so pissed after that. Fights escalated and we finally found out why. They were trying to kick my dad out, they had open another restaurant down the road. Exact same name and concept, just with a 2 slapped on it. So FoodPlace 2... without even notifying my dad of such and they are already mid negotiating the sale of the current business with the new owner. Basically the restaurant got so successful they wanted it all for themselves.
Fast forward to recently, just a few months ago. THEY SOLD THE RESTAURANT. Without my dad's signature. It was sold for 700k and they tried to do it without letting my dad find out, even had my dad teach the new owner all the recipes. When we found out we were furious and said we took part in this restaurant too. We invested our money, sweat, and blood into this restaurant too. My mom even helped out at the restaurant every time she went to visit my dad, without expecting or receiving any pay. We tried to demand our 40% cut of it as per contract, but they denied us saying they helped us and that that should be good enough. We said that's not right and demanded just our original investment back, even though she paid my cousin the percentage base off of their current value. She gave us a small check and said take this money. My dad did not accept it, but they ended up slipping it between the accounting stuff they handed to my dad which we found out only a few weeks later. Then they go around telling our family members (my dad's side of the family) about how we earned hundred of thousands (which we did not) and that we're being greedy for asking for money from the sale. And how they starting having marital disputes and their family is falling apart just because we are asking for the money that belongs to us, which they earned from the sale that they did without our consent. With this huge mess, and my parents already stressed enough, they figured they'll just cash the small check which was only about a tenth of our investment cause they said how about they pay us bit by bit. But we knew she was cunning and was trying to trick us, but we figured alright we'll trust her. The check bounced... Eventually we ended up having to get a lawyer involved because it was a huge sum of money that we put in and we just wanted our original investment back as we were still paying our cousin back every month for the half of his share which we bought. They went berserk and started yelling at us and crying to their parents about how the money belongs to them. As this was our first time dealing with lawyers, we thought we could just trust the process to them. But we basically ended up paying $4,500 just for them to send a single letter to my aunt saying we want to settle privately. As for why we are not taking this to court? My dad is naïve and holds family really close, he trusted his sister still after everything just up until this month when he found out all the lies she's been telling everyone. All my years of being alive, this was the first time I saw my dad cried. Not just once, almost every time now after he calls with his family. His mom doesn't care about him, tells him to just let it be. His brother acts kind says he'll help be a middle man in front of us, but then when he thought it was just the two of them scolded my dad and told him he handles everything on his own why is my dad unable to do it? Then proceeds to tell my dad alone that he will not be helping. Meanwhile we were put in a standstill because our lawyer told us my dad can't say anything or do anything because anything and everything can be evidence. Meanwhile, my aunt cleaned up their mess and said they retract the sale and now they're just selling it for $300k. We don't even know if anything is going on under the table, as they never gave my dad any power (as in he did not even have access to the card under the business even though she gave it to her daughter, and etc). Now they are trying to wiggle their way out by saying they'll negotiate with my dad if we cancel the thing with our lawyers??? If they didn't do anything illegal, there should be nothing for them to be afraid of. Obviously if we take it to court and had evidence of their dealings, we would definitely win. Although we have some, we don't have sufficient evidence and the cost and time it would take is not worth it for my parent's mental and physical health. Plus we were just trying to settle, we gave up on getting the percentage off current value long ago because this has been going on for months and my family is all stressed out from it. We just want our original investment back but they still want to keep going in circles. They also have the money and time to keep doing this but we don't. We barely had any to begin with, we took out loans and borrowed money to invest in this business. Why are they like this? They own multiple properties, even have rental properties and already own their big house in a nice neighborhood. It's not like we are asking for an unreasonable amount, just our original back now. They even kept trying to get my dad to travel back and forth to negotiate because their parents also currently lives where my family lives. Recently I was finally able to visit my dad to help sell the house and gosh the house was big and beautiful, we finally had our own home. I started breaking down because I just thought about how much he went through to finally buy us a house and how he must've been so lonely and enduring so much living here all alone with his cognitive impairment and not knowing English at all. And now we are getting ready to sell the house so that he can move back in with us back where we currently live and be a whole family again. I'm so stressed that I've been thrown into all this legal stuff because I have to help out as my parents have limited English unlike my aunt and her husband, and having to suddenly be an adult because my parents are already carrying so much responsibilities right now. At the same time I'm so angry for how manipulative my aunt, not really of their family just because I know they never really cared for my dad as he wasn't a very bright son/brother of theirs, but it's still absolute crap. I don't even know what to do now except that I have to work harder to find a job so that I can share the burden and not have it all lay on my parents especially my mom who almost basically raised us as a single mom and took care of us very well to make up for both parent roles and give us a good upbringing. There's already so much other personal matter going on and having this on top, I feel like my head is about to pop TT It's all too stressful
TLDR; My dad owns a restaurant business with my aunt (40-60 respectively). They opened a new restaurant with same name, just a 2 slapped on it and pick fights with my dad on purpose to kick him out. My aunt then sells the restaurant without consent of my dad for $700k. We want our rightful money back. They scream and throw tantrum. We want our original investment back. They manipulate and lie to everyone around them saying we don't deserve it, she loves her brother, she's offered so much help to my dad. We get lawyer involved, they retract their sale and now say it's sold for $300k. We have no evidence because my dad who was alone in this far away place alone to start this business with my aunt is cognitively impaired and trusted his sister. Still won't even give us our initial investment back.
TTLDR; My aunt is trying to scam my family, I'm stressed.
submitted by imsostressedrn to offmychest [link] [comments]

2023.06.07 23:26 amyz42 Had my 9 week ultrasound and found out my insurance is limited and I can’t get blood work or an ultrasound done

First of all, I feel so so happy and thankful that I have even made it this far in my pregnancy after 3 previous losses. I had my first prenatal appointment at an actual OB today (my last two appointments were just at a free women’s clinic where I got to see their heartbeat twice at 6 weeks and then again at 8 weeks). I recently switched jobs and have to wait until I get on my new job’s insurance which will probably not be for at least another 2 months. So I got added to my husband’s insurance in the meantime, but his plan is very limited. After my appointment today and getting the good news that the baby is still doing great, I found out that my husband’s insurance will not cover the blood work and sonogram that the doctor had put a prescription in for. They told me that I would have to either get on a payment plan (which will be very expensive) or that we have to call my husband’s insurance to see if they will at least cover the blood work snd sonogram for the time being because they for sure will not cover the labor and delivery or the prenatal appointments moving forward. I feel very stressed because I know I can’t wait until my insurance kicks in because I will go absolutely nuts not having that peace of mind because I’m already so anxious to begin with and I don’t know what I can do because paying out of pocket is obviously way too expensive. Has anyone else not had insurance in early pregnancy or have any resources you can share? My new job’s insurance is very good insurance so I know I will at least have good insurance for the labor and delivery, but I’m not sure what I should do in the meantime for me to get the blood work and sonogram done. The free clinic I went to a few weeks ago only does very early sonograms so I know they aren’t an option. Thanks so much in advance! Also, I am in the US in PA.
submitted by amyz42 to pregnant [link] [comments]

2023.06.07 23:22 ellymaejae Graduation 39+0

This sub has been such a great space for me during my first pregnancy so I thought I’d share my experience.
I, (32f) fully expected to go over my due date (June 11th), I was being monitored for a high risk pregnancy due to being “obese” even though all my labs and blood work was textbook perfect. I was having absolutely no labor symptoms and my ob was already kind of talking about induction. I was miserable being pregnant, and getting discouraged.
Saturday the 3rd I told my husband I wanted to start deep cleaning the house since his mom was coming to stay and help in a few days and I was getting anxiety about it. We got a ton done and I was in a good space so we went out for sushi and I got spicy seafood udon soup and it was so delicious. I honestly think it jumpstarted things.
I woke up at 3am on the 4th (39 weeks exactly) feeling like I was just crazy constipated so I made myself some tea and tried to just get through it, but I realized the pain was kind of coming and going pretty consistently every five minutes. I finally realized it wasn't just constipation after I started bleeding a little, which was one of the signs my ob told me to come in for.
So I woke up my husband and we got to the hospital around 5am and I was only 1 centimeter dilated, so they wanted to wait an hour or two and check then.
Hubs was convinced it was a false alarm since it came out of nowhere. I was 4 centimeters when they checked me two hours later so they were like "well, you're not leaving now."
The contractions were unreal and were getting worse so they got me hooked up with an IV for fluids and called the anesthesiologist in, and when she came in to give me the epidural I literally yelled "Oh my god you're my favorite person!"
They did give me Benadryl to try to help me relax while I was waiting, but it just kind of exaggerated how exhausted I was so very not helpful.
I finally got the epidural around 11am and that was super uncomfortable because my contractions were not letting up and I definitely felt it in my spine despite the numbing shot, but as soon as they got it in it was like immediate relief and I could still move my legs even though I couldn't feel them.
I could still feel pressure from the contractions which was helpful for knowing when to push, but there was no pain.
The epidural slowed things down a lot, but eventually my water broke and I was fully dilated around 930/10pm so we started pushing. Babes was super squirmy so they had to screw a little monitor to his scalp to get accurate reads.
We had to stop a few times because his blood pressure or heart rate would drop suddenly and they were essentially saying we could try pushing more until we could get the vacuum on his head, but if his vitals keep dropping we should start considering a c section.
So then they told me to rest for ten minutes and not push and I cried because I was exhausted and I was fine with a c-section, but why the hell did I suffer all day for nothing?
But then even when I was resting my body kept pushing naturally so I asked if I could push on all fours because we hadn't tried that it and the doctor and nurses were surprised, but we did it and babes vitals were great so after a few of those I flipped back on my back and got him out enough to get the suction on his head and we got him out in four or five pushes. He was officially born at 11:56pm.
I had one tiny tear that I didn’t feel and got one stitch that I also didn’t feel. I also was shaking so hard my teeth were chattering due to adrenaline.
The worst part was one of the nurses wasn't counting in time with the other nurse and doctor and kept telling me not to let out any air by grunting or yelling and was not being helpful at all and I was like, definitely using my anger at her for motivation while pushing 😂 If I had known how to be diplomatic I would have asked her to stop and let me friggin just do what I needed to do. She threw off my breathing a bunch and I needed to yell with those final extra pushes and I honestly believe I could have gotten him out sooner if I had spoken.
I had a generally wonderful hospital experience and a lot of the things I was worried or stressed about before were really not issues.
Things that made my experience better:
-the epidural. I have the greatest respect for parents giving birth without, but it was 100% worth the discomfort getting it in.
-expressing my fears and concerns very honestly to my support staff.
-I brought my own robe, slippers, and comfy pjs for post delivery
-I bought my own disposable post partum diapers, the hospital provided mesh briefs, but having specific ones for plus sizes was great.
The whole experience was so surreal and I will say I felt very disconnected until the second morning. I woke up and immediately wanted to see my baby.
We stayed in the hospital for 48hours after delivery, and now we’re home and everything is great.
submitted by ellymaejae to BabyBumps [link] [comments]

2023.06.07 23:18 Dismal-Jellyfish Commissioner Hester M. Peirce: "Although I agree with the objectives of these rules—namely, to reduce the incidence of misconduct in the security-based swap markets—these final rules leave unaddressed concerns I had at the proposing stage about their breadth, and I accordingly cannot support them."

Commissioner Hester M. Peirce:
​
Source: https://www.sec.gov/news/statement/peirce-statement-security-based-swaps-060723
Thank you, Mr. Chair. As we have just heard, today the Commission will vote on finalizing Rule 9j-1, which would prohibit fraud and manipulation involving purchases and sales of security-based swaps, and Rule 15fh-4(c), which would prohibit coercion, manipulation, or deception of a security-based swap entity’s chief compliance officer. Although I agree with the objectives of these rules—namely, to reduce the incidence of misconduct in the security-based swap markets—these final rules leave unaddressed concerns I had at the proposing stage about their breadth, and I accordingly cannot support them.
The version of Rule 9j-1 before us today is better than the proposed version. The final rule would adopt a considerably narrower definitions of purchase and sale than the expansive proposed definitions that would have covered the performance of obligations arising out of a security-based swap for the life of the transaction. The definitions in the final rule instead generally tracks the Dodd-Frank definitions of these terms. This change should reduce the likelihood that every action taken by a counterparty to a security-based swap during the life of the transaction, including actions required under the swap’s terms, will expose it to liability. In another positive change, the release also makes clear that attempted violations of the rule require scienter. Finally, the affirmative defenses should mitigate—even if they do not eliminate—the risk that the rule might make it impossible for a lender, which will often possess material non-public information on its borrowers, to use credit default swaps to hedge the risks of those loans.
Notwithstanding these improvements, the final rule is still overly broad. The affirmative defenses may not provide market participants with sufficient clarity to allow them, for example, to feel confident somebody on a firm’s trading desk can hedge a loan using security-based swaps when the firm has obtained material non-public information in connection with the loan. As another example, the negligence standard applicable to paragraphs (a)(3) and (a)(4) of the rule may facilitate second-guessing in enforcement actions.
Most concerning, however, is an overbroad anti-manipulation provision directed at manufactured credit events and other types of opportunistic trading strategies. This provision, too, has been narrowed since the proposal; the provision no longer contains the “directly or indirectly” language, and the release makes clear that violation of this provision requires scienter. But the release describes the scope of the provision in the same broad and ambiguous terms to which I objected when the rule was proposed.[1] Indeed, in words nearly identical to those in the proposal, the release explains that this provision would apply to “an action taken for the purposes of avoiding or causing, or increasing or decreasing, a payment under a security-based swap in a manner that would not have occurred but for such actions.”[2]
As did the proposing release, the adopting release does attempt to provide assurance to market participants that the Commission will use this provision to pursue only “actions taken outside the ordinary course of a typical lender-borrower relationship.”[3] Yet, as one commenter noted, market participants must look to the text of the rule, [4] which makes no reference to (and offers no safe harbor for) actions taken in the ordinary course. Moreover, the Commission repeatedly notes in this discussion that whether an action is taken in the ordinary course is a “facts and circumstances” inquiry under which the Commission will review “all relevant facts.”[5] Although this approach does ensure maximum flexibility for the Commission to pursue misconduct that is hard to describe ex ante, it does so at the expense of clarity for firms that will have to guess at what facts the Commission may, in hindsight, determine to be relevant.
The Commission feels compelled to preserve maximum flexibility for itself because it is trying to prohibit harmful but exceedingly difficult-to-define behavior that has occasionally appeared in the credit default swap markets. This behavior includes manufactured credit events and other opportunistic trading strategies that can cause the market to question whether these instruments will serve the purposes for which they were designed. Drawing in advance a line that cleanly distinguishes between manipulative conduct and actions taken in the normal course of business, even if they are unseemly and potentially unfair, is difficult. That the opportunistic trading strategies the rule targets have occurred relatively infrequently, and that each generally has presented distinct facts, makes the rule-writing task more difficult.
Preserving discretion for the Commission could chill, unnecessarily, perfectly legitimate trading strategies or exercises of a counterparty’s rights under a security-based swap.[6] Moreover, as one commenter noted, security-based swaps are often used to hedge complex financing arrangements that involve heavily negotiated terms providing the lenders with a range of options to protect themselves from the borrower’s default.[7] Lenders worried that they may not be able to exercise such rights without affecting the value of the security-based swap in a way that the Commission later might view as manipulative may be less willing to provide financing in the first place.[8] Moreover, because the release suggests that action—such as rescuing a failing firm—will be subject to greater scrutiny than inaction—such as letting a failing firm collapse—the rule risks spurring inaction and thus reducing market efficiency.[9]
Some circumstances might warrant a rule with these chilling effects, but no such circumstances are present here. The targeted misconduct has occurred only relatively infrequently in this market. Our anti-fraud rules likely already prohibit some of that conduct.[10] And, in a demonstration of the power of private ordering, market participants themselves have addressed some of the offending conduct. Sophisticated repeat players are well-placed to police one another for undesirable conduct, even if it is not illegal. In 2018, the International Swaps and Derivatives Association publicly acknowledged that these manufactured credit event strategies could affect negatively the security-based swap market and in 2019 made its Narrowly Tailored Credit Event Protocol available for adherence by counterparties.[11] This Protocol appears to have eliminated much of the destructive behavior simply by introducing greater uncertainty that these strategies could succeed. As the release notes, this Protocol does not address every possible such strategy, but, the release also does not challenge one commenter’s assertion that these strategies have become “extremely infrequent.”[12] In short, the Commission’s desire to maximize its own flexibility in this anti-manipulation provision does not seem to further any regulatory objective. To the contrary, this rule likely will deter far more entirely legitimate activity than it will prevent truly manipulative activity. The Commission instead should delay taking any action here and wait to see whether the problem of opportunistic trading strategies is significant enough to warrant a solution as blunt as the one before us today.
We can all agree with the sentiment of Rule 15fh-4(c): coercing, manipulating, or deceiving a CCO is bad behavior. But regulation—even regulation that prohibits bad things—always involves trade-offs. Will subjecting every interaction between employees and a CCO to potential legal liability empower the CCO to do her job or simply make employees less likely to approach the CCO to seek her input on compliance-related issues?
I do have a few questions:
If a bank provides a loan to a customer and, in the process of negotiating the terms of that loan comes into possession of material non-public information, would the affirmative defenses permit the bank to hedge that loan exposure through a credit default swap? If so, under what conditions?
LSTA noted in its March 2022 letter that the broad language of the anti-manipulation provision coupled with the use of a facts and circumstances test to determine whether a transaction was in the ordinary course would likely chill perfectly legitimate exercises of a lender’s rights expressly provided for in heavily negotiated financing arrangements.[13] Can you provide me any comfort that these fears are groundless?
The economic analysis suggests that Rule 9j-1 will benefit the market by reducing fraud and manipulation, including opportunistic trading strategies, and thereby increase confidence in the security-based swap market. In July 2022, the Managed Funds Association submitted a comment letter presenting data that it claimed suggested that there was no evidence of any lack of confidence among market participants.[14] The economic analysis seems to wave this evidence away as not persuasive, but does not provide any countervailing evidence that the market is laboring under a significant risk of fraud or manipulation. Is there any such evidence? What evidence, if any, do we have that manufactured credit events or other opportunistic trading strategies continue to present a risk to the market?
One law firm submitted a comment letter identifying different types of market activity it described as “legitimate” that “would be threatened by” Rule 9j-1.[15] I’d like to understand better how the staff would view these examples from that letter:
“An investor who holds CDS (either long or short) participating in an ad hoc restructuring group.”
“An investor who holds bonds and has bought CDS refusing to consent to a restructuring, choosing to rely on CDS protection.”
“An investor who owns bonds and has sold CDS selling bonds back to the Reference Entity.”
“An investor who has sold CDS providing rescue financing to distressed issuers.”
The release states that “misconduct that affects the payments and deliveries under one security-based swap could be prohibited by final Rule 9j-1 if that misconduct occurs in connection with effecting or attempting to effect transactions or purchasing or selling or attempting to induce the purchase or sale of any security-based swap, and not just the security-based swap that was the subject of the misconduct.”[16] Could you provide an example of what type of misconduct this might encompass?
The final rule prohibits manipulation of the price or valuation of a security-based swap. The release states that “the pricing and valuation of security-based swaps are intrinsically connected.”[17] If this is the case, why is it necessary to prohibit manipulation of valuation, given that manipulation of valuation would also almost certainly result in manipulation of price?
Although I cannot support today’s adoption of these rules, I do appreciate the effort that the staff put into reviewing the comments and taking to heart those comments in an effort to make the rule more workable. I especially appreciate the time that Carol McGee spent with me to answer my questions about the rule and Pam Carmody’s work on drafting it. I also want to acknowledge the contributions of the Office of the General Counsel.

What Hester is against:

Final Rule (136 pages):

https://www.sec.gov/rules/final/2023/34-97656.pdf

Overview of Security-Based Swaps

Security-Based Swaps Generally:

  • Although the definition of security-based swap is detailed and comprehensive, at its most basic level, a security-based swap is an agreement, contract, or transaction in which two parties agree to the exchange of payments or cash flows based upon the value of other assets or upon the occurrence or non-occurrence of some event, including, for example, a change in a stock price or the occurrence of some type of credit event.
  • The exchange of these payments or deliveries, including purchases or sales upon certain events, is a fundamental aspect or feature of a security-based swap.
    • Moreover, this feature of security-based swaps is in contrast to secondary market transactions involving equity or debt securities where the completion of a purchase or sale transaction terminates the mutual obligations of the parties.
  • Security-based swap counterparties, who are considered the issuers of the security-based swaps, continue to have obligations to one another throughout the life of the instrument, which can extend for years if not decades.
  • Parties may enter into a security-based swap for a multitude of reasons, but often, the parties to the contract seek to gain exposure to an asset without owning it or to manage or transfer risks in their asset and liability portfolios (e.g., credit or equity risks).
  • Typical participants in the security-based swap market include, among others, lenders transferring credit risk, insurance companies managing asset and liability risk specific to the insurance industry, activists or hedge funds obtaining exposure to the price movement and dividend payments of a stock without the costs and burdens of stock ownership, and financial institutions that engage in market-making and dealing in security-based swaps.
  • The terms of the contract between the counterparties determine the specific rights and obligations of the parties throughout the life of the security-based swap, including, for example, the amount and timing of periodic payments due under the instrument, the maturity of the instrument, and terms of settlement.
  • Unlike other types of securities where settlement occurs when the buyer receives the security purchased and the seller receives cash equaling the value of the security sold, for security-based swaps, a final net payment is paid by one party to the other at a future point in time to which the parties have contractually agreed.

Two common examples of security-based swaps – credit default swaps (“CDS”) and total return swaps (“TRS”)

  • Generally, a CDS is a contract in which a party (the “protection buyer”), such as a lender, agrees to make periodic payments (the “premium”) over an agreed upon time period to another party (the “protection seller”) in exchange for a payment from the protection seller in the event of default by an issuer (or group of issuers) of securities (the “reference entity”).
  • The CDS contract states whether the CDS is settled physically or in cash in the event of default by the reference entity. Generally, the protection buyer is using the CDS to manage risk and the protection seller is using the CDS to take on risk in return for a premium. A cash-settled CDS contract relying on ISDA documentation is subject to determinations by a committee with respect to whether a defined default event (a “credit event”) has occurred and, if so, to hold an auction to determine the settlement price of the CDS.
    • The auction process includes the determination and publication of a list of deliverable obligations that a CDS protection buyer can deliver to the CDS protection seller after the auction settlement.
    • A CDS protection buyer can deliver any of the obligations on the list, with delivery of the cheapest deliverable obligation maximizing recovery.
    • This feature of CDS contracts is an aspect of some of the manufactured or opportunistic strategies discussed in section I.B.2.
  • A TRS may obligate one of the parties (i.e., the total return payer) to transfer the total economic performance (e.g., income from interest and fees, gains or losses from market movements, and credit losses) of a reference asset (e.g., a debt or equity security) (the “reference underlying”), in exchange for a specified or fixed or floating cash flow (including payments for any principal losses on the reference asset) from the other party (i.e., the total return receiver).
  • If the TRS is negotiated over-the-counter, the terms of the TRS can be individually negotiated and could include one payment at the expiration of the TRS or might include a series of payments on periodic interim settlement dates over the tenor of the TRS.
    • For TRS with periodic interim settlement dates counterparties could agree to reset the price of the reference underlying on the periodic interim settlement date based on current market prices of the reference underlying (“reference price”).
    • Accordingly, throughout the life of a TRS, depending on the terms of the TRS, the reference price that determines that payment on periodic interim settlement dates might be reset based on current market prices of the reference underlying
Security-Based Swap Market Developments
  • In 2010, following the 2008 financial crisis, Congress enacted the Dodd-Frank Act “to promote the financial stability of the United States by improving accountability and transparency in the financial system.”
  • Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act addressed significant issues and risks in the swap and security-based swap markets, which had experienced dramatic growth leading up to the 2008 financial crisis and were shown to be capable of affecting significant sectors of the U.S. economy.
  • In testimony before Congress introducing the first draft of the Dodd-Frank Act, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner highlighted the risks posed by an unregulated OTC derivatives market, which had been operating without the “basic protections and oversight” existing in the rest of the financial systems, including a “limited ability to police fraud and manipulation.”
  • In his written testimony, Secretary Geithner listed four broad objectives of the proposed reforms which were eventually enacted as Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act:
  1. Preventing activities in the OTC derivatives markets from posing risk to the stability of the financial system;
  2. Promoting efficiency and transparency of the OTC derivatives markets;
  3. Preventing market manipulation, fraud, and other abuses; and
  4. Protecting consumers and investors by ensuring that OTC derivatives are not marketed inappropriately to unsophisticated parties.
  • The security-based swap market remains large. Based on information reported pursuant to 17 CFR 242.900 to 242.909 (“Regulation SBSR”), as of November 25, 2022, the gross notional amount outstanding in the security-based swap market is approximately $8.5 trillion across the credit, equity, and interest rate asset classes.
    • The credit security-based swap asset class is large, with a gross notional amount of approximately $4.7 trillion, of which single-name CDS (including corporate and sovereign) account for the largest category at $4.3 trillion.
    • Additionally, as indicated by data submitted pursuant to Regulation SBSR, the size of the equity security-based swap market is also significant – with approximately $3.6 trillion of equity security-based swaps outstanding as of November 25, 2022.

'The trouble'

  • In general, the ongoing payments of a security-based swap depend, in part, on its gross notional amount outstanding.
  • The particular aspects and characteristics of security-based swaps (described above in section I.B.1) provide opportunities and incentives for misconduct.
  • In general, parties to a security-based swap may engage in misconduct in connection with the security-based swap (including in the reference underlying of such security-based swap) to trigger, avoid, or affect the value of ongoing payments or deliveries.
    • For instance, a party faced with significant risk exposure may engage or attempt to engage in manipulative or deceptive conduct that increases or decreases the value of payments or cash flow under a security-based swap relative to the value of the reference underlying, including the price or value of a deliverable obligation under a security-based swap.
  • Moreover, fraud and manipulation in connection with a security-based swap can affect not just a direct counterparty, but also counterparties to that counterparty.
    • For example, if fraud or manipulation leads to a large change in variation margin, the defrauded counterparty could default on its obligations to its other counterparties. In addition, other counterparties to the same security-based swaps could be affected by fraud or manipulation that affects the reference underlying assets, as could investors in those underlying assets.
  • Given the global and interconnected nature of the security-based swap markets, it is critical that the Commission has appropriate tools to fight fraud and manipulation in these markets.
  • Recent developments in the security-based swap market highlight these concerns.
    • For example, in the 2021 Proposing Release, the Commission discussed certain manufactured or other opportunistic CDS strategies that had been reported by academics and the press:
      • A CDS buyer working with a reference entity to create an artificial, technical, or temporary failure-to-pay credit event in order to trigger a payment on a CDS to the buyer (and to the detriment of the CDS seller).
      • Alone or in combination with the above or other strategies, causing the reference entity to issue a below-market debt instrument in order to artificially increase the auction settlement price for the CDS (i.e., by creating a new “cheapest to deliver” deliverable obligation).
      • CDS buyers endeavoring to influence the timing of a credit event in order to ensure a payment (upon the triggering of the CDS) before expiration of a CDS, or a CDS seller taking similar actions to avoid the obligation to pay by ensuring a credit event occurs after the expiration of the CDS, or taking actions to limit or expand the number and/or kind of deliverable obligations in order to impact the recovery rate.
      • CDS sellers offering financing to restructure a reference entity in such a way that “orphans” the CDS – eliminating or reducing the likelihood of a credit event by moving the debts off the balance sheets of the reference entity and onto the balance sheets of a subsidiary or an affiliate that is not referenced by the CDS.
      • Taking actions, including as part of a larger restructuring, to increase (or decrease) the supply of deliverable obligations by, for example, adding (or removing) a co-borrower to existing debt of a reference entity, thereby increasing (or decreasing) the likelihood of a credit event and the cost of CDS.
  • Taking into consideration all of the above, Rule 9j-1 will be an important additional tool to augment the Commission’s oversight of the security-based swap markets including, but not limited to, the markets for CDS and TRS.

Overview of the Final Rules:

Rule 9j-1

  • Final Rule 9j-1 includes prohibitions on categories of misconduct prohibited by section 10(b) of the Exchange Act, and Rule 10b-5 thereunder, and section 17(a) of the Securities Act, when effecting any transaction in, or attempting to effect any transaction in, any security-based swap, or when purchasing or selling, or inducing or attempting to induce the purchase or sale of, any security-based swap (including but not limited to, in whole or in part, the execution, termination (prior to its scheduled maturity date), assignment, exchange, or similar transfer or conveyance of, or extinguishing of any rights or obligations under, any security based-swap).
  • The final rule also includes a provision prohibiting the manipulation or attempted manipulation of the price or valuation of any security-based swap, including any payment or delivery related thereto.
    • This provision has been moved to paragraph (a)(6) of Rule 9j-1 (from paragraph (b) as proposed) to clarify that these provisions apply to conduct that is undertaken in connection with directly or indirectly effecting, or attempting to effect, any transaction in any security-based swap, or purchasing or selling, or inducing or attempting to induce the purchase or sale of, any security-based swap.
  • Final Rule 9j-1 provides that:
  1. A person with material nonpublic information about a security cannot avoid liability under the securities laws by communicating about or making purchases or sales in the security-based swap (as opposed to communicating about or purchasing or selling the underlying security)
  2. A person cannot avoid liability under section 9(j) or Rule 9j-1 in connection with a fraudulent scheme involving a security-based swap by instead making purchases or sales in the underlying security (as opposed to purchases or sales in the security-based swap).
https://preview.redd.it/guzs4cyuwn4b1.png?width=826&format=png&auto=webp&s=d55104e51db1f955fb3520cb652663faa1f8e898

Rule 15fh-4(c)

The Commission also is adopting a rule aimed at protecting the independence and objectivity of an SBS Entity’s CCO by preventing the personnel of an SBS Entity from taking actions to coerce, mislead, or otherwise interfere with the CCO. The Commission recognizes that SBS Entities dominate the security-based swap market and also recognizes the important role that CCOs of SBS Entities play in ensuring compliance by SBS Entities and their personnel with the Federal securities laws. As a result, the Commission is adopting Rule 15fh-4(c), which makes it unlawful for any officer, director, supervised person, or employee of an SBS Entity, or any person acting under such person’s direction, to directly or indirectly take any action to coerce, manipulate, mislead, or fraudulently influence the SBS Entity’s CCO in the performance of their duties under the Federal securities laws or the rules and regulations thereunder.

Fact Sheet:

https://preview.redd.it/dkubyk9ywn4b1.png?width=966&format=png&auto=webp&s=634948d848a6277ed7247d7803a5a63d2b866972
https://preview.redd.it/5r40tixywn4b1.png?width=943&format=png&auto=webp&s=1757b80d2890e4460c1e4adfe1d3e5f25c4599d6

Press Release:

The Securities and Exchange Commission today adopted rules to prevent fraud, manipulation, and deception in connection with security-based swap transactions and to prevent undue influence over the chief compliance officer (CCO) of security-based swap dealers and major security-based swap participants (SBS Entities). “Any misconduct in the security-based swaps market not only harms direct counterparties but also can affect reference entities and investors in those reference entities,” said SEC Chair Gary Gensler. “Given these markets’ size, scale, and importance, it is critical that the Commission protect investors and market integrity through helping prevent fraud, manipulation, and deception relating to security-based swaps. Today’s set of rules will do just that.”The antifraud and anti-manipulation rule adopted today is designed to prevent misconduct in connection with effecting any transaction in, or attempting to effect any transaction in, or purchasing or selling, or inducing or attempting to induce the purchase or sale of, any security-based swap. The rule takes into account the features fundamental to a security-based swap and will aid the Commission in its pursuit of actions that directly target misconduct that reaches security-based swaps.The Commission also adopted a rule to protect the independence and objectivity of the CCO of a security-based swap dealer or major security-based swap participant.The adopting release will be published in the Federal Register. The final rules will become effective 60 days after the date of publication of the adopting release in the Federal Register.

TLDRS:

  • Hester cannot support.
  • A security-based swap is an agreement where two parties exchange payments or cash flows based on the value of assets or events, continuing to have obligations to each other for the life of the contract.
    • Typical participants include lenders, insurance companies, hedge funds, and financial institutions.
  • The specifics of the swap, such as periodic payments and settlement terms, are determined by the contract between the counterparties.
  • The two common examples of security-based swaps are Credit Default Swaps (CDS) and Total Return Swaps (TRS).
    • A CDS involves a protection buyer making periodic payments to a protection seller in exchange for a payment in case of default by the reference entity.
    • A TRS transfers the total economic performance of a reference asset in exchange for a cash flow.
  • As of November 2022, the gross notional amount outstanding in the security-based swap market was approximately $8.5 trillion.
    • The credit security-based swap asset class accounted for $4.7 trillion, while equity security-based swaps accounted for around $3.6 trillion.
  • Misconduct may occur in security-based swaps to trigger, avoid, or affect the value of ongoing payments.
    • This includes manipulative or deceptive conduct that alters the value of payments under a security-based swap relative to the value of the reference underlying swap.
  • Rule 9j-1 is introduced as an additional tool for overseeing the security-based swap markets, including the markets for CDS and TRS.
    • This rule includes prohibitions on misconduct and manipulation in connection with security-based swaps.
    • In addition, Rule 15fh-4(c) is adopted to protect the independence and objectivity of a Swap Brokerage Security Entity's Chief Compliance Officer.
https://preview.redd.it/mikc5pyiwn4b1.png?width=610&format=png&auto=webp&s=d7e9f1ec5e1bb791f93a46207a911ae6c30a3e68
submitted by Dismal-Jellyfish to Superstonk [link] [comments]

2023.06.07 21:43 No_Competition4897 [HIRING] 25 Jobs in WY Hiring Now!

Company Name Title City
City of Gillette Police Officer Gillette
Weeg & Bradford Trucking Truck Driver Newcastle
BANNER HEALTH NEUROLOGIST (Generalist): Seeking Neurologist with Entrepreneurial Drive to helpbuild Center of Excellence in Casper, Wyoming Casper
BANNER HEALTH FAMILY MEDICINE PHYSICIAN: Join the Growing Primary Care Team with a Top-5 LargeHealth System in Casper, Wyoming! Casper
US Customs & Border Protection Border Patrol Agent, Entry Level Cheyenne
Alternate Perspectives Inc Career Technical Training Instructor-Petro Riverton
Big Lots Retail Store Associates and Stockers - 4444 Casper
Menard, Inc Part - Time Outside Yard & Receiving Casper
Dragline Service Specialties Yard Coordinator Casper
Hercules Industries, Inc. Delivery DriveWarehouse Worker Casper
Manpower USA Manufacturing/Shipping & Receiving Casper
Dragline Service Specialties Forklift Technician Casper
Boot Barn Receiving and Inventory Specialist Casper
Butch's Propane, LLC Propane Bobtail Driver Cheyenne
Liberty Warehouse I Cheyenne
Harbor Freight Tools Senior Retail Stocking Associate Cheyenne
Big Lots Retail Store Associates and Stockers - 4678 Cheyenne
Laramie County School Warehouse Delivery Driver Cheyenne
GoExpedi Warehouse Associate - Starting at $16/hr - 4 weeks PTO Cheyenne
SWI Wyoming Shop Warehouse Attendant Cody
Usagov Supply Technician (office Automation) Fe Warren Afb
Usagov Materials Handler (fork Lift Operator) Fe Warren Afb
Admiral Beverage Corporation Warehouse Laborer F/T Gillette Gillette
Dragline Service Specialties Warehouse Technician Gillette
Unifi Ramp Supervisor - ($29/hr + Housing Stipend + Flight Privileges) Jackson
Hey guys, here are some recent job openings , feel free to comment here if you have any questions, I'm at the community's disposal! If you encounter any problems with any of these job openings please let me know that I will modify the table accordingly. Thanks!
submitted by No_Competition4897 to Wyomingjobs [link] [comments]

2023.06.07 21:36 m9a4 Induction tomorrow night. Absolutely terrified!

I went to bed crying, woke up with a headache and a sour mood. I have 2 days left of this pregnancy and I’m so scared of labor. I keep walking and moving around to make delivery easier but I haven’t felt any contractions. They’re there (dr always shows me on the monitor) but I can’t feel any of them. My pelvic griddle pain is the only thing that has been painful this whole pregnancy. Im obviously thankful there aren’t complications but I’m scared I’ll have a very long and tiring labor and delivery time. My pain tolerance is extremely low and idk if I can handle this.
I wish I could have some hugs and comforting words but all I get is “you’re not the first woman to do this you’ll be fine” and it feels very invalidating
submitted by m9a4 to BabyBumps [link] [comments]

2023.06.07 21:14 Worried-Drawing1690 Placenta Previa Story

There's hope!!!! I have had placenta previa my whole pregnancy I went to the hospital last week at 34 weeks pregnant was admitted for preterm labor they were able to stop the contractions and I was sent home. During that sonogram placenta was hanging out over the cervix hadn't moved at all my C section was scheduled for June 14th at 36 weeks. Here we are a little bit less than a week later went to see The maternal-fetal medicine specialist guess what!! Placenta moved and now is considered a low-lying placenta so a vaginal delivery is possible!!!!
submitted by Worried-Drawing1690 to BabyBumps [link] [comments]

2023.06.07 19:55 ringlzight Exelot is holding my iherb package hostage and idk what to do

About a month ago I made an order on iherb for my grandma (I am in the US and she is in israel). A few weeks go by and the tracking on iherb said my package got sent back to the distribution center (in israel) bc the delivery company (exelot) said the phone numbeaddress was wrong. I put my US number bc my grandma doesn’t really know how to use the phone and I’m guessing they sent it back because of the phone number (the address and everything else was correct). I contacted iherb and they said I have to contact the delivery company and confirm my phone and address and they’ll send it back out. I have been emailing with exelot for the past 3 weeks and it has been frustrating to say the least. First they said I need to provide an Israeli phone number so I did, then they said I have to pay 24.95 nis for them to ship it. I say ok send me the link so I can pay. They say “well, it has to reach our warehouse first”, I check the tracking and it’s been in their warehouse for a week before that email. I tell them this and ask for the link again. Then they email me saying that the link suddenly doesn’t work anymore and that I can only pay over the phone. However, I can’t pay over the phone bc my US number is “not valid” and the Israeli number is my grandmas and she doesn’t know how to do that, not to mention I’m just not comfortable paying over the phone, the whole situation now seems super sketchy. It’s been a month since the package was supposed to be delivered and I don’t know what to do. Does anyone have any advice? I thought about just canceling the order through iherb and reordering it but I’m worried the same thing will happen. I don’t even understand why they are checking the phone number in the first place, since it was supposed to be delivered to her house, not the post office
submitted by ringlzight to Israel [link] [comments]

2023.06.07 19:13 marche2316 Due date and friends baby

This weekend, the 10th would have been my due date. I don’t get to hold her. I’m also going through a divorce at 36 and the possibility for having a baby of my own is so bleak. A good friend of mine, who was due 2 days before me had her baby a week early. My cousins wife will have her baby any day. I love them. I’ll love their babies. And I’m happy for them. But my chest hurts, my arms hurt, my throat is tight, and my eyes sting. I want to be the one “so in love” and “blissfully watching them sleep.” I want to hold my baby exhausted after labor and delivery. I want to change their diaper. Count their toes and have their little fingers wrap around mine single finger. I want to breathe in their scent. Kiss their little face. Hold them so close. But I don’t get to hold her. I don’t get to know her. She’s just gone. And I don’t get the hope of a rainbow baby. I want to curl up and not get out of bed. My life is not mine to take, so I won’t. I would never. And it’s so hard to keep going when the one thing I wanted most, and that I had for a minute was taken from me for good. 💔
submitted by marche2316 to Miscarriage [link] [comments]

2023.06.07 19:01 Big-Research-2875 Labor and biological process

Labor and biological process

Like several biological processes, the method of labor and delivery is split into stages. The goal of the labor method is biological process, or the physical expulsion of the foetus from the mother's womb.
This method is accomplished through the employment of contractions. Now, i do know you are all in all probability aware of the term contraction. You know, your muscles contract and relax as you progress, right? Well, did you recognize that the contractions talked concerning throughout labor area unit the same as the muscle contractions that occur whereas you're walking, running, or simply going concerning everyday actions?
​
Labor and biological process
But, there's one massive distinction. The muscles you utilize to maneuver your legs and arms area unit voluntary and, for the foremost half, beneath your management. But, the womb is formed of an explicit kind of muscle referred to as a sleek muscle. This muscle is involuntary, that means the mother cannot management the contractions of the womb.
During true labor, contractions of the graceful muscles begin at the highest of the womb and move downward, toward the cervix, in regular intervals. this can be to not be confused with one thing referred to as contraction, wherever the womb contracts, however these contractions area unit irregular and don't aid in biological process.

The Stages of Labor

Okay, thus currently that we all know the overall methodology the womb uses to accomplish biological process (that would be those contractions we have a tendency to simply talked about), let's point out the stages of the labor method. There area unit 3 of those stages:

The dilation stage:

This begins once true labor starts.

submitted by Big-Research-2875 to Thinkersofbiology [link] [comments]

2023.06.07 18:28 wheneverforget School Nurse Interview

I have an interview for a substitute school nurse position soon. My background is in Labor and Delivery, so I'm just wondering the type of questions they may ask.
submitted by wheneverforget to nursing [link] [comments]

2023.06.07 18:05 autotldr Mass. postal workers rally to protest cuts, warn of moves to privatize

This is the best tl;dr I could make, original reduced by 76%. (I'm a bot)
Postal workers from across Massachusetts rallied in Boston on Tuesday to warn the public that their service was being threatened.
"This is not a labor dispute; this is a public service issue. The American people are owed postal services. The service is breaking its social contract with customers."
"We want to let the public know that the service is being stolen from under their feet," said Scott Hoffman, a former president of the Boston local who is currently serving as a national business agent for American Postal Workers Union.
Postal workers, window clerks and carriers, gathered Tuesday on Dorchester Street in front of the massive Boston Post Office building to alert the public that the deterioration of customer service, delays in deliveries and cancellation of pre-arranged appointments for passports was part of a concerted effort to discredit the service with the public and later privatize it.
"The Postal Service is trying to make a buck at the customers' expense," said Keith Richards, president of the Central Massachusetts Area American Postal Workers Union, Local 4553, based in Auburn.
Many of the rallying workers have been in the Postal Service for decades.
Summary Source FAQ Feedback Top keywords: service#1 Postal#2 work#3 Boston#4 customer#5
Post found in /politics, /DemocraticSocialism, /AnythingGoesNews and /ProgressiveDemocrats.
NOTICE: This thread is for discussing the submission topic. Please do not discuss the concept of the autotldr bot here.
submitted by autotldr to autotldr [link] [comments]

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